• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2002년도 학술대회지
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• pp.233-236
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• 2002

The high-pressurized spray nozzle is used f3r special washing and cutting with strong impact force. The performance of this nozzle, which focused on spray penetration and radial dispersion, was mainly investigated to maximize the momentum and minimize the flow loss. Hence, our experimental research was conducted by changing the aspect ratio ranging from 0 to 3 with nozzle outlet of 1.1. The spray trajectory far high-pressurized water was experimentally investigated using PDPA diagnostics, which was available at spray downstream region. As the spray at upstream near the nozzle exit did not show the improved disintegration. The results showed empirical correlation with regard to non-dimensional axial velocity distribution, spray penetration, and radial spreading rate with photographic visualization.

• 한국근적외분광분석학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국근적외분광분석학회 2001년도 NIR-2001
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• pp.3101-3101
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• 2001

Near Infrared spectroscopy (NIR) used on human skin measurement was explored in the past decade. Many publications in different journals and magazines discussed the feasibility of the NIR technique for cosmetic product property studies. Based upon the results of pioneers, we have pursued some work of the NIR instrument coupled with a probe module for skin measurement in vivo and vitro. In part I of this paper, the specific Near Infrared spectroscopy instrument stability, human subject conditions and other parameters, which could affect the measurements reproducibility are discussed. Second derivative NIR spectra and Principle Components Analysis (PCA) are utilised for data interpretation. In part II of this paper, the relationship of human skin moisture and ageing, the gender information and finally, the discovery of penetration depth of NIR incident light on skin are reported. A theoretical penetration depth calculation equation is proposed. In part III, the study results of a couple of commercial skin care products effect will be described. The skin lotions were applied on human skin (in vivo) in order to exam the NIR feasibility to monitor the changes of moisture level. The results are consistently positive. From our primary study, it can conclude that the NIR is potentially a very powerful instrument for skin condition diagnostics, either for cosmetic and/or for medication purposes.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2005년도 제25회 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.64-71
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• 2005

효과적인 초음속 연소를 위해 연료와 공기의 빠른 혼합이 필요하며, 혼합 향상을 위해 연료분사 방식에 대한 여러 연구들이 수행되어 왔다. 본 연구에서는 길이-깊이 비가 4.8, 후면 경사각이 $22.5^{\circ}$인 개방형 공동 모델을 사용하였으며, 마하수 1.92에서 운동량비에 따른 분사구 주변의 유동 특성 및 연소실 내 압력 분포를 슐리렌 가시화와 압력 측정을 사용하여 파악하였다. 운동량비는 연료의 침투거리와 분사지역의 유동에 큰 영향을 끼친다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제55권12호
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• pp.4426-4430
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• 2023

In this article, Exposure Buildup Factor(EBF) and the Energy Absorption Buildup Factor(EABF) have been determined for blood, brain, and muscle using the Monte Carlo method which is represented by MCNP5 codes and compared with geometric progression(G-P) fitting method which is represented by Phy-X/PSD online platform. The novelty of the present work is used an energy source of less than 0.1 MeV to determine buildup factors using MCNP5 and using Phy-X/PSD for some human tissues. thus, the energy range used in this case study was 0.06-3 MeV for penetration depths covered 0.5-3 MFP. Results of MCNP5 and Phy-X/PSD are validated against reference values of water that were reported at ANS-6.4.3. present results of EABFs and EBFs for the previously mentioned human tissues appeared good agreement between MCNP5 in comparison with Phy-X/PSD, whereas, the maximum average relative deviation did not exceed 2.37%. results of our article can be used in different medical applications, such as brachytherapy, radiotherapy, and diagnostics.

• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.295-310
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• 2014

발전소 주제어시스템(DCS, Distributed Control System)은 원격지의 설비를 계통현황에 따라 실시간 조작, 감시 및 운전 효율성을 향상시키기 위해 튜닝을 하도록 구현된 자동화 시스템이다. DCS는 IT 기술의 발전과 함께 점차 지능화, 개방화되고 있다. 많은 전력회사들이 DCS에 설비 관리용 패키지 시스템을 접목하여 예측진단을 통한 유지 보수 및 Risk Management를 실현시키기 위한 투자를 확대하고 있다. 하지만, 최근 해외사례에서 보듯이 원전 전력망 등 국가 주요기반 시설인 산업 제어시스템(ICS)을 마비시키고 파괴할 목적으로 개발된 최초의 사이버 전쟁무기인 스턱스넷이 출현하는 등, 폐쇄형 시스템으로 구성된 발전소 주제어시스템도 점차 외부 공격으로부터 위협의 대상이 되고 있음을 알 수 있다. 높은 수준의 가용성(낮은 고장빈도와 신속한 복구)과 운영 신뢰성의 이유로 10년 이상 장기 사용이 요구되는 발전소 주제어시스템의 경우 전적으로 해외 기술에 의존하고 있고 패치 업데이트 등 주기적 보안관리가 이뤄지지 못해 잠재된 취약점이 노출될 경우 심각한 우려가 예상된다. 본 논문에서는 국내 발전회사에서 사용 중인 Ovation 1.5 버전의 간이 시뮬레이터 환경에서 범용 취약점 분석툴인 NESSUS를 활용하여 인가된 내 외부 사용자의 악의적 행위(모의해킹)를 수행하였다. 이를 통해 취약점 탐지 및 발전소 제어시스템 내 사이버 침해사고 발생 시 효과적으로 대응 할 수 있는 취약점 분석 및 로그분석 방안을 제시하고자 한다.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.235-246
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• 2015

최근 다양한 불특정 다수의 해킹 및 반복되는 DDoS 사이버테러 공격을 이해하고, 그 해결책을 비로소 공격 기법에서 찾을 수 있었다. 공격자와 방어자, 공격 기법과 방어 기법의 접목이라는 자유로운 연구 방식은 항상 엉뚱함에서 가능성을 발견해가는 도전이라 할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 "KWON-GA"라는 세계적인 화이트 해커들 개발진이 오랜 경험의 침투 및 진단을 통해, 공격이 최상의 방어라는 미명하에 방어의 목적으로 구현된 지식 정보 보안 솔루션을 고객이 운용 중인 시스템 환경에 맞추어 필요한 기술을 적용하는 커스터마이징 정책으로 맞춤 솔루션을 제공할 수 있으며, 독창적인 원천기술로 처리되어 탐색이 불가능하고 내부적으로 유출되는 경우에도 분석이 되지 않아 해커에게 분석되어 취약점을 노출하거나 해킹의 수단으로 악용되지 않는 ITC융합 보안 솔루션을 시험평가 하였다.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.21-33
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• 2019

This paper focuses on the interpretation of radiation fluxes from active galactic nuclei. The advantage of positron annihilation spectroscopy over other methods of spectral diagnostics of active galactic nuclei (therefore AGN) is demonstrated. A relationship between regular and random components in both bolometric and spectral composition of fluxes of quanta and particles generated in AGN is found. We consider their diffuse component separately and also detect radiative feedback after the passage of high-velocity cosmic rays and hard quanta through gas-and-dust aggregates surrounding massive black holes in AGN. The motion of relativistic positrons and electrons in such complex systems produces secondary radiation throughout the whole investigated region of active galactic nuclei in form of cylinder with radius R= 400-1000 pc and height H=200-400 pc, thus causing their visible luminescence across all spectral bands. We obtain radiation and electron energy distribution functions depending on the spatial distribution of the investigated bulk of matter in AGN. Radiation luminescence of the non-central part of AGN is a response to the effects of particles and quanta falling from its center created by atoms, molecules and dust of its diffuse component. The cross-sections for the single-photon annihilation of positrons of different energies with atoms in these active galactic nuclei are determined. For the first time we use the data on the change in chemical composition due to spallation reactions induced by high-energy particles. We establish or define more accurately how the energies of the incident positron, emitted ${\gamma}-quantum$ and recoiling nucleus correlate with the atomic number and weight of the target nucleus. For light elements, we provide detailed tables of all indicated parameters. A new criterion is proposed, based on the use of the ratio of the fluxes of ${\gamma}-quanta$ formed in one- and two-photon annihilation of positrons in a diffuse medium. It is concluded that, as is the case in young supernova remnants, the two-photon annihilation tends to occur in solid-state grains as a result of active loss of kinetic energy of positrons due to ionisation down to thermal energy of free electrons. The single-photon annihilation of positrons manifests itself in the gas component of active galactic nuclei. Such annihilation occurs as interaction between positrons and K-shell electrons; hence, it is suitable for identification of the chemical state of substances comprising the gas component of the investigated media. Specific physical media producing high fluxes of positrons are discussed; it allowed a significant reduction in the number of reaction channels generating positrons. We estimate the brightness distribution in the ${\gamma}-ray$ spectra of the gas-and-dust media through which positron fluxes travel with the energy range similar to that recorded by the Payload for Antimatter Matter Exploration and Light-nuclei Astrophysics (PAMELA) research module. Based on the results of our calculations, we analyse the reasons for such a high power of positrons to penetrate through gas-and-dust aggregates. The energy loss of positrons by ionisation is compared to the production of secondary positrons by high-energy cosmic rays in order to determine the depth of their penetration into gas-and-dust aggregations clustered in active galactic nuclei. The relationship between the energy of ${\gamma}-quanta$ emitted upon the single-photon annihilation and the energy of incident electrons is established. The obtained cross sections for positron interactions with bound electrons of the diffuse component of the non-central, peripheral AGN regions allowed us to obtain new spectroscopic characteristics of the atoms involved in single-photon annihilation.