• 한국정보처리학회논문지
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• 제7권7호
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• pp.2041-2049
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• 2000

A various multimedia application services are developed wiht techniques of high speed networks and computer. Especially the videoconference system is important and useful in a remote discussion with multiple users. A vidoconferencing system in local area network used in corporation and university is useful and important. A standardization for it should be showed in ITU. Recommendation H.323 describes terminals, equipment, and services for videoconference over communication networks which do not provide a guaranteed Quality of Services for videoconference over communication networks which do not provide a guaranteed Quality of Service. In this paper, we introduce ITU-T H.323 which is the standardization over internet, and show a multipoint videoconferencing system and peer to peer videophone system using the ITU-T H.323.

• 한국시뮬레이션학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국시뮬레이션학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.139-143
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• 2005

The P2P is a network environment supporting data exchange which is directly connected peers without limit of existing server-client and intervening central server for resource or offered service with each peer. JXTA is a representative of P2P system. JXTA is a typical distributed computing model that proposed by Sun Microsystems. JXTA that doesn't require centralized services or resources is adaptable in extreme changes of network organization. MANET(Mobile Ad Hoc Network) is a representative wireless network that is composed of mobile nodes without infrastructure. So MANET establishes the path for the communication of each peers and maintains the newest routing information by exchanging routing information. In this paper, we propose a technique of JXTAMAUET which implements JXTA which is the P2P network system from the wireless network which is becoming the foundation of ubiquitous computing. For the performance evaluation of the JXTAMANET, we use simulation.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.406-425
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• 2012

Deploying advanced home networking technologies and modern home-networked devices in residential environments provides a playground for new home applications and services. Because home multimedia entertainment is among the most essential home applications, this paper presents an appealing home media content sharing scenario: home-networked devices can discover neighboring devices and share local media content, as well as enormous amounts of Internet media content in a convenient and networked manner. This ideal scenario differs from traditional usages that merely offer local media content and require tedious manual operations of connection setup and file transfer among various devices. To achieve this goal, this study proposes a proxy gateway architecture for home multimedia content distribution. The proposed architecture integrates several functional mechanisms, including UPnP-based device discovery, home gateway, Internet media provision, and in-home media content delivery. This design addresses several inherent limitations of device heterogeneity and network interoperability on home and public networks, and allows diverse home-networked devices to play media content in an identical and networked manner. Prototypical implementation of the proposed proxy gateway architecture develops a proof-of-concept software, integrating a BitTorrent peer-to-peer client, a UPnP protocol stack, and a UPnP AV media server, as well as media distribution and management components on the OSGi home gateway platform. Practical demonstration shows the proposed design and scenario realization, offering users an unlimited volume of media content for home multimedia entertainment.

• 한국항행학회논문지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.204-212
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• 2011

최근 모바일 기기의 사용 급증에 따라 모바일 애드혹 네트워크(MANET, Mobile Ad-hoc Networks)에서 사용하는 모바일 P2P(Peer to Peer)에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있으며 그에 대한 연구도 활발히 이루어지고 있다. P2P 방식은 구조적인(Structured) P2P 방식과 비구조적인(Unstructured) P2P 방식으로 분류할 수 있다. 모바일 애드혹 네트워크에서 구조적인 방식의 P2P 알고리즘은 정보의 인접성을 고려하지 않아 컨트롤 트래픽이 증가하는 문제가 있으며, 비구조적인 방식의 P2P 알고리즘은 노드 수가 많아질 경우 확장성에 문제가 있다. 그래서 구조적인 방식의 P2P 알고리즘과 비구조적인 방식의 P2P 알고리즘의 장점을 취합한 하이브리드(Hybrid) 방식의 P2P 알고리즘이 제안 되었다. 본 논문에서는 하이브리드 P2P 방식 중 클러스터 기반(Cluster-based)의 P2P 알고리즘의 컨트롤 트래픽을 분석하고, 이에 관한 최적 클러스터 구성을 도출하였다. 이러한 최적 클러스터 구성 사용시, 비구조적인 방식의 P2P 알고리즘 중 대표적인 Gnutella 보다 더 좋은 성능을 나타냄을 보였다.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제14권12호
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• pp.109-117
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• 2009

본 논문에서는 서비스 광고의 P2P 캐시 기법과 노드 ID를 기반으로 한 서비스 검색 기법을 혼합한 효율적인 서비스 디스커버리 기법을 제안한다. P2P 캐싱 광고 기법은 이웃 노드에 서비스 정보를 캐시 하기 때문에 빠르게 서비스 광고 정보를 확산시키며 서비스검색 평균 흡 수를 적게 한다. 또한 노드 ID를 기반으로 한 서비스 검색은 모든 이웃 노드에게 메시지를 브로드캐스트하지 않기 때문에 네트워크 부하를 감소시켜 네트워크 전송 지연이 거의 발생하지 않는다. 제안하는 기법은 중앙 서버나 저장소를 사용하지 않으며 많은 메시지를 생성하는 플러딩 방식도 사용하지 않는다. 실험 결과는 제안하는 방식이 전통적인 플러딩 방식과 비교하여 이웃 노드의 적절한 선택으로 많은 메시지 수를 줄이고 평균 탐색 거리를 줄임으로서 전체 네트워크 로드와 응답 시간을 향상시킴을 보인다.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.144-156
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• 2005

Video streaming over wireless networks is challenging due to node mobility and high channel error rate. In this paper, we propose a multi-source video streaming (MUVIS) system to support high quality video streaming service over IEEE 802.1l-based wireless networks. We begin by collocating a streaming proxy with the wireless access point to help leverage both the media server and peers in the WLAN. By tracking the peer mobility patterns and performing content discovery among peers, we construct a multi-source sender group and stream video using a rate-distortion optimized scheme. We formulate such a multi-source streaming scenario as a combinatorial packet scheduling problem and introduce the concept of asynchronous clocks to decouple the problem into three steps. First, we decide the membership of the multisource sender group based on the mobility pattern tracking, available video content in each peer and the bandwidth each peer allocates to the multi-source streaming service. Then, we select one sender from the sender group in each optimization instance using asynchronous clocks. Finally, we apply the point-to-point rate-distortion optimization framework between the selected sender-receiver pair. In addition, we implement two different caching strategies, simple caching simple fetching (SCSF) and distortion minimized smart caching (DMSC), in the proxy to investigate the effect of caching on the streaming performance. To design more realistic simulation models, we use the empirical results from corporate wireless networks to generate node mobility. Simulation results show that our proposed multi-source streaming scheme has better performance than the traditional server-only streaming scheme and that proxy-based caching can potentially improve video streaming performance.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제38C권3호
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• pp.239-246
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• 2013

기존 IEEE 802.15.4는 PHY 계층과 MAC 계층에서의 표준을 제공하며 저전력, 저대역폭, 저속 데이터 통신을 특징으로 한다. 이러한 한계점으로 인하여 IEEE 802.15.4는 센서 검출, 홈 네트워크 등의 제한된 용도로만 쓰였으나 최근 음성과 같은 멀티미디어 데이터를 전송하려는 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 기존 센서 네트워크 기반 Peer-to-Peer 음성 통신의 개선을 통해 다수 사용자간의 음성 통신을 지원하기 위하여 새로운 IEEE 802.15.4 PHY 기반 TDMA/TDD MAC을 설계하고 그룹 통신을 할 수 있는 하드웨어를 개발 하였다. 또한 설계된 시스템의 성능을 평가하기 위하여 실험을 통해 Mean Opinion Score (MOS)를 측정 하였으며 이는 사인파를 사용하는 방법을 이용하여 검증하였고 본 논문에서 제안하는 시스템이 실제 환경에서 다양한 응용 솔루션으로 개발 될 수 있음을 기대하였다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.51-58
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• 2018

Objectives: Smoking is a significant public health issue in Bangladesh. The purpose of this study was to examine peer smoking and smoking-related beliefs among college students in Bangladesh. Methods: College students at two universities in Dhaka, Bangladesh participated in a self-administered survey in May and June 2017. Results: First, being a current or former smoker is associated with lower levels of beliefs among respondents that they would not smoke even with smoker friends or nervousness, and lower levels of intentions that they would not smoke, while current smokers and former smokers have different smoking-related beliefs. Second, having smoker friends is associated with lower levels of intentions that they would not smoke. Third, higher levels of normative beliefs that it is important not to smoke are associated with higher levels of beliefs that they would not smoke even with smoker friends or nervousness, higher levels of intentions that they would not smoke, and higher levels of avoidance of smoking. Conclusions: Smoking-related beliefs and perceived norms in individuals' social networks are important components in promoting tobacco cessation in Bangladesh. But it is challenging to prevent or intervene in smoking because of the high rates of smoking in this country and the high prevalence of smokers in individuals' social networks. Future studies should examine the most effective interventions to combat smoking in high-smoking social networks, such as using mobile apps or social media, and evaluate the effectiveness of such interventions.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.1096-1107
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• 2015

This paper presents a dynamic retry adaptation scheme for H.264 HD video, called DRAS.264, which dynamically adjusts the retry limits of frames at the medium access control (MAC) layer according to the impact those frames have on the streamed H.264 HD video. DRAS.264 is further improved with a bandwidth estimation technique, better prediction of packet delays, and expanded results covering multi-slice video. Our study is performed using the Open Evaluation Framework for Video Over Networks as a simulation environment for various congestion scenarios. Results show improvements in average peak signal-to-noise ratios of up to 4.45 dB for DRAS.264 in comparison to the default MAC layer operation. Furthermore, the ability of DRAS.264 to prioritize data of H.264 bitstreams reduces error propagation during video playback, leading to noticeable visual improvements.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제9권8호
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• pp.2854-2874
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• 2015

This paper presents a game theoretic approach to analyze the public goods (PGs) allocation in peer-to-peer (p2p) networks. In order to reduce the free-riders and promote the cooperation among peers, we propose an incentive mechanism with cooperation-based game theory. In this paper, we regarded the contributed resources by cooperators as public goods (PGs). We also build the PGs allocation in P2P networks to be the optimization problem, and the optimal solution of PGs allocation satisfies the Bowen-Lindahl-Samuelson equilibrium. Firstly, based on the subscriber mechanism, we analyze the feasibility and prove the validity, which can achieve Nash equilibrium. However, this strategy cannot meet to Bowen-Lindahl-Samuelson equilibrium as the free-riders do not pay with their private goods for consuming the PGs. Secondly, based on the Walker mechanism, we analyze the feasibility and prove the validity for the same allocation problem, which meets to Bowen-Lindahl-Samuelson equilibrium and achieves Pareto efficiency within cooperative game. Simulations show that the proposed walker mechanism can significantly improve the network performance of throughout, and effectively alleviate free-riding problem in P2P networks.