• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.59-64
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• 2015

Retinyl palmitate (RP)-loaded pectinate micro- and nano-particles (PMP and PNP) were designed for stabilization of RP that is widely used as an anti-wrinkle agent in anti-aging cosmeceuticals. PMP/PNP were prepared with an ionotropic gelation method, and anti-oxidative activity of the particles was measured with a DPPH assay. The stability of RP in the particles along with pectin gel and ethanolic solution was then evaluated. In vitro release and skin permeation studies were performed using Franz diffusion cells. Distribution of RP in each skin tissue (stratum corneum, epidermis, and dermis) was also determined. PMP and PNP could be prepared with mean particle size diameters of $593{\sim}843{\mu}m$ (PMP) and 530 nm (i.e., $0.53{\mu}m$, PNP). Anti-oxidative activity of PNP was greater than PMP due largely to larger surface area available for PNP. The stability of RP in PMP and PNP was similar but much greater than RP in pectin bulk gels and ethanolic solution. PMP and PNP showed the abilities to constantly release RP and it could be permeated across the model artificial membrane and rat whole skin. RP was serially deposited throughout the skin layers. This study implies RP loaded PMP and PNP are expected to be advantageous for improved anti-wrinkle effects.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.253-260
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• 2004

Zosterin is a pectin from a seagrasses of the family Zosteraceae. Zosterin was given to rats intragastrically once 1h before the emotional stress or injection of indomethacin, or administration of 2, 4-D solution daily for seven days at dose of 100 mg/kg. The data obtained demonstrate that zosterin enhances resistance of the stomach tissue to various ulcerogenic factors (emotional stress, indomethacin, pesticide 2, 4-D). It was shown to possess a gastroprotective effect, which is accompanied by diminution of the number and sizes of destructive regions in the gastric mucosa during the ulcer affection, as well as reduction of ATP and glycogen deficit, decrease of lactate excess, and normalization of the energy balance in the gastric mucosa. According to its antiulcer effect, zosterin may be recommended for application in prevention and treatment of stomach diseases together with the basic therapy.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.503-509
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• 2001

The effects of salting methods on textural properties of Kakdugi were evaluated during fermentation at 1$0^{\circ}C$ for up to 52 days. Kakdugi samples were prepared by 4 different salting methods at final salt concentration of 1.5%, which is appropriate for organoleptic quality. The salting methods for radish cubes(2 cm size) of Kakdugi were as follows; 1) Treatment S-1: spraying dry salt uniformly on to the radish cubes at 1.5%(w/w) and holding for 1 hr, 2) Treatment S-5: spraying dry salt uniformly on to the radish cubes at 1.2%(w/w) and holding for 5 hr, 3) Treatment B-1: brining radish cubes in a 8.5%(w/v) salt solution for 1 hr, 4) Treatment B-5: brining radish cubes in a 4.0%(w/v) salt solution for 5 hr. The contents of water soluble pectin, total soluble solid and PG activity were increased as the fermentation periods increased. A majority of total dietary fiber(TDF) consisted of soluble dietary fiber(SDF), and the amount of insoluble dietary fiber(IDF) was relatively small in Kakdugi during fermentation. Furthermore, an increase in SDF and a consequent decrease in IDF contents were observed with the fermentation time increased.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.139-144
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• 1993

The method for colorimetric determination of acidic polysaccharide from Panax ginseng was investigated. It is possible to apply the method of carbazole-sulfuric acid to determination of pectin, and also to measure the amount of pectin in the mixture of various high molemlu compounds such as starch. cellulose and gum, etc. When the method of carbazole-sulfuric acid was applied to determine the amount of acidic polysaccharide, optical density at 525 nm increased linearly with an increase in the concentration of pure acidic polysaccharide. Effective extraction temperature with water for the determination of the amount of ginseng acidic polysaccharide (GAP) was $80{\circ}C$. In order to separate or concentrate GAP it was appropriate to precipitate the extract only once with 80% ethyl alcohol. GAP was very stable at $100{\circ}C$ for 4 hrs in aqueous solution and between pH values of 5.0~ 12.0.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Bio-Environment Control Conference
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• 1994.11a
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• pp.86-87
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• 1994

토마토과실은 ripening 도중에 연화가 되며 수확후 운반이나 저장중에 물리적인 상처, 부패때문에 연화가 심화되어 많은 손실을 가져온다. 연화란 세포벽의 구조적 붕괴에 기인하며 이중 pectin의 분해와 밀접한 관계가 있다고 한다. Pectin에는 세포내 Ca함량의 대부분이 존재하며 Ca은 세포벽의 구조를 지지하는데 중요한 역할을 한다고 알려져 있다. 따라서 작물재배시 Ca 이온을 효과적으로 사용, 과실내의 Ca함량이 증가된다면 조직의 경도가 향상되어 과실의 저장력 뿐만 아니라 모식물체에서 보다 더 숙성된 과실을 수확, 유통 할수 있다. (중략)

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.185-189
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• 2005

The effect of NaCl solution concentration (from 0 to 3 M) on the extraction of pectinesterase (PE) from jalapeno chili pepper (Capsicum annuum) was studied by determining its solubilization degree from the chili tissue. All concentrations of the salt favored the solubilization of PE in jalapeno chili pepper, compared to that in water. Maximum enzyme activity was obtained with NaCl 2.0 M. The effect of temperature on the PE activity of jalapeno chili pepper in the extracts was also studied. The PE residual activity of jalapeno pepper was 75% after 60 min of incubation at $55^{\circ}C$ and 10% at $75^{\circ}C$. At $85-95^{\circ}C$, PE residual activity was 5% after 5 min of incubation.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.76-80
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• 2013

This study investigated the textural changes after the calcium-pectin bonding of ginseng roots and their vinegar and calcium solution immersion. The strength and breakdown of the ginseng roots increased according to the increase in the calcium carbonate concentration, with the highest in the 0.7~1.0% calcium carbonate. The hardest and softest ginseng roots were obtained in the 1.0% calcium carbonate concentration. The strength, brittleness and hardness of the ginseng roots that were soaked in 1% calcium carbonate and 5~6% acidity vinegar continued to increase with the long-term storage of the ginseng root drink. The softness of the ginseng root that was dipped in 5% acidity vinegar with 1.0% calcium carbonate decreased with the long-term storage of the ginseng root drink. Thus, calcium and vinegar immersion of ginseng roots could prevent softening and clouding during the long-term storage of the ginseng root drink.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.197-203
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• 1982

The protopectinase from the culture extract of a Verticillium sp. was purified about 1000 fold by ammonium sulfate fractionation, DEAE-Sephadex treatment and Sephadex G-75 column chromatography. The purified enzyme was homogeneous on electrophoresis and its molecular weight was estimated to be 38000 by Andrew's gel filtration, method. The enzyme was almost stable under the temperature of 4$0^{\circ}C$ and within the pH range of 3-5. Its optimum pH and temperature were 4 and 4$0^{\circ}C$, respectively. The activity was markedly inhibited by galacturonic acid. The purified enzyme was able to macerate various kinds of plant tissues, such as radish, cucumber, onion, carrot, and potato. It also reduced the viscosity of pectin solution more rapidly than that of pectic acid solution and showed no lyase or CMCase activity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.10
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• pp.1257-1262
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• 2007

To develop basidiomycetes-fermented cereals with hypoglycemic property, inhibitory effects of basidiomycetes mycelia and basidiomycetes-fermented cereals on postprandial glucose were investigated. In vitro effect of basidiomycetes mycelia on retarding the membrane transport of glucose was compared with pectin. For basidiomycetes mycelia, $13.1{\pm}3.6{\sim}41.8{\pm}8.0%$ of total glucose remained in inner solution of dialysis membrane after dialysis for 120 min, indicating that most of basidiomycetes mycelia might effectively retard membrane transport of glucose. Glucose tolerance of basidiomycetes mycelia and basidiomycetes-fermented cereals was tested on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats administrated with maltose. Postprandial glucose levels of basidiomycetes mycelia, $389.4{\pm}43.8{\sim}426.3{\pm}49.4mg/dL$, were considerably lower than that of control, $535.3{\pm}78.6mg/dL$, at 30 minutes after maltose administration. Namely, basidiomycetes mycelia showed better postprandial glucose lowering effect than pectin. Brown rice and barley fermented with Paecilomyces japonica showed much lower postprandial glucose level than raw brown rice and barley, especially hypoglycemic effect of barley fermented with Paecilomyces japonica was significant.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 1997

Solution Properties of polyelectrolytic biopolymers such as chitosen, pectin, alginate and etc. are significantly influenced by molecular weight and salt concentrations. The effect of NaCI concentration on the hydrodynamic properties of chitosan in dilute region was investigated for chitosans of varying molecular weight. Intrinsic vicosity([η]) of citosans with 5 different molecular weight was determined by glass capillary viscometer, and the viscosity average molecular weight was calculated using Mark-Houwink equation. Intrinsic viscosity decreased with increasing NaCI concentration for all chitosan samples, and it was proportional to the logarithmic NaCI concentration, i.e.,[η]∝log{TEX}$(C_{NaCl})^{$\alpha$}${/TEX}. Decreasing trend of[η] with NaCI concentration became more pronounced with increasing molecular weight. It was also found that the a values, indicating {TEX}$C_{NaCl}${/TEX} dependence of[η], were linearly correlated with the logarithmic molecular weight({TEX}$R^{2}${/TEX}=0.980). The chain stiffness parameters(B) were calculated by B=S./{TEX}$([η]_{0.1})^{1.32}${/TEX}, in which S was obtained from slope of [η] va {TEX}$I^{-1/2}${/TEX}. The B values of chitosan samples were determined to be 0.113~0071 with a average of 0.09.