• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 1993.10a
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• pp.1354-1363
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• 1993

Optical methods were developed to examine their feasibility for quality evaluation of peanut with pod. Surface color and internal quality of peanut were measured without contact. The surface color of peanut was measured by light reflectance at a region of visible wavelengths. Its characteristic was high correlated with a visual grading of peanut. A trial machine for the color grading of peanut was developed using an optical sensor and it was considered to compare with the visual grading. The spectral reflectance at a region of near infrared wavelengths from 1,200 to 2,500nm was measured , and the chemical components of peanut were related to spectral reflectance at special wavelengths. The protein, fat and moisture contents of peanut were estimated by the near infrared methods. An infrared imaging method was developed to evaluate the internal quality of peanut with pod. As thermal characteristic of peanut with pod was deeply related to internal quality , the quality of peanut can be evaluated by temperature changes on the surface of peanut. Measurement of surface color, near infrared reflectance and thermal imaging were shown to be very effective in grading of peanut with pod.

• Mycobiology
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.392-400
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• 2017

Peanut yield and quality are seriously affected by pod rot pathogens worldwide, especially in China in recent years. The goals of this study are to analyze the structure of fungal communities of peanut pod rot in soil in three peanut cultivars and the correlation of pod rot with environmental variables using 454 pyrosequencing. A total of 46,723 internal transcribed spacer high-quality sequences were obtained and grouped into 1,706 operational taxonomic units at the 97% similarity cut-off level. The coverage, rank abundance, and the Chao 1 and Shannon diversity indices of the operational taxonomic units were analyzed. Members of the phylum Ascomycota were dominant, such as Fusarium, Chaetomium, Alternaria, and Sordariomycetes, followed by Basidiomycota. The results of the heatmap and redundancy analysis revealed significant variation in the composition of the fungal community among the three cultivar samples. The environmental conditions in different peanut cultivars may also influence on the structure of the fungal community. The results of this study suggest that the causal agent of peanut pod rot may be more complex, and cultivars and environmental conditions are both important contributors to the community structure of peanut pod rot fungi.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.55-59
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• 2007

This experiments were conducted to evaluate suitable plant-type and cultivars for producing fresh pod peanut from late seeding as succeeding crop, compared with early seeding as proceeding crop or single cropping. 12 cultivars according to grain weight and plant types, 6 virginia typed cultivars(ssp. hypogaea) and 6 shinpung typed cultivars(ssp. fastigiata), were used for early and late seedings. The plant growth and yield potential in early seeding were better than those in late seeding. But the ratios of dry/fresh pod and of mature pod in late seeding were higher than those of early seeding. The yield of fresh pod by cultivars in two seeding times showed significant correlation with pod scale such as fresh pod weight, 100-grain weight, and dry seed yield positively, but pod number negatively in early seeding only. Yield of fresh peanut between Virginia and Shinpung types didn't show significant difference in early seeding, but showed in late seeding. Average yield of Virginia typed cultivars showed significantly higher than that of Shinpung typed ones. This yield gap between two plant types was the same tendency on extending seedings to July 20.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.374-378
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• 2002

To evaluate growth habits, fresh pod yield potential, and possibility of early and late seeding, seeding dates were extended from March 21 to June 20 by PE mulching and non-mulching. Soil temperature, under 5cm from surface, above 15$^{\circ}C$ at 10 a.m. in early seeding reached about March 25 in mulching and April 5 to April 12 in non-mulching. Days to emergence and first flowering were accelerated owing to increasing temperature, as seeding was delayed. Days to emergence according to seeding dates reduced 21 to 8 day in mulching and 33 to 10 day in non-mulching. Days to flowering were ranged from 51 to 26 day in mulching and from 69 to 32 day in non-mulching and differences between mulching and non-mulching on each seeding date had 18 to 4 days. Early seedings till April 21 had 160-170 flowers per plant for 8 weeks, while late seedings from May 21 increased more speedily with 200 flower for 6 weeks. Harvesting of fresh peanut, at 80 days after first flowering, was possible from Aug. 1 to Oct. 7 (133-108 days to harvest) by mulching and from Aug. 19 to Oct. 12 (151 to 114 days) by non-mulching. Yields between mulching and non-mulching in early seeding until April 21 had more difference, but in late seeding after May 21 was higher and showed insignificance. Pod setting periods by early and late seeding were about 3 weeks equally. In late seeding pod setting were almost concentrated for front 15 days. In spite of difference of fresh pod weight between two seeding times, the distributions of average of seed weight showed nearly same tendency.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.55-69
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• 1992

Viral disease incidence in the peanut fields at Iri, Kochang, Iksan and Puan in Chonbuk province was 0.93% on July and 8.46% on August in 1991. The causal pathogen was identified as peanut stripe virus (PStV) by the results of host plant reaction, immunological assay and observation of virus particles. Seed transmission rates of collected seeds from diseased plants ranged from 12.9 to 14.8% at peanut fields. PStV transmission was higher in small than in large seeds. Seed transmission of PStV was correlated with the age of the plant when inoculated; infection of young plants resulted in more seed transmission than did infection of old plants. Seed transmission of PStV was correlated with pod formation stages when inoculated at the 45th day after sowing; formed seeds for 2 weeks after inoculation resulted in more seed transmission than did formed seeds after 4 weeks. In seed transmission, this causal virus was moved to embryo and cotyledon through gynophore, pod, and funicle from leaves.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.347-354
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• 1992

Late harvest in peanut has often resulted in reduced yield and dissipation of labor by virtue of increasing over-matured pods causing the pod shattering. Present study was conducted to obtain a basic information for deciding optimum harvest time of the peanut in Chungbuk province by examination of yield components at different harvest time of leading cultivars Saedl and Youngho cultivated with vinyl mulching or non-mulching conditions. Peg number and pod number were significantly increased by vinyl mulching and also significantly different by the harvest time. Pod number increased with the lapse of days after flowering was gradually decreased from 100 days after flowering in saedl and 110 days in Youngho. Number of seed-bearing pods and matured seed percent were significantly increased by vinyl mulching and had tendency to increase with the lapse of days after flowering. There was no significant difference in number of over-matured pods and pod shattering percent between vinyl mulching and non-mulching. They increased drastically in 110 days after flowering in Saedl, but in 120 days after flowering in Youngho, Increase in 100 seed weight by vinyl mulching was statistically nonsignificant in both varieties, however, total seed yield was significantly increased by vinyl mulching, showing maximum yield in 100 days after flowering in the variety Saedl and 110 days in Youngho, respectively, Seed yield was negatively correlated to peg number and positively correlated to pod number, seed-bearing pod number, pod shattering percent, matured seed percent and 100 seed weight, respectively.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.8-12
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• 2003

To find out the relationship between pod development and cytokinin contents during reproductive stage of peanut, the cytokinin contents, trans-zeatin ribo-side (t-ZR) and dihydrozeatin riboside (diZR), were investigated at 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after flowering (DAF). The amounts of t-ZR and diZR in cotyledon and first branch among primary branches were 3, 448 pmol/g (FW) and 4, 824 p/g (FW), respectively, which were higher than those of other branches. The t-ZR and diZR contents of lower parts on the branch from cotyledon node at 7 DAF were 579 pmol/g (FW) and 2, 028 pmol/g (FW), respectively, which were higher than those of upper parts. The cytokinin contents of reproductive organs as flowering progressed were increased at 0 and 14 DAF on branch and position of node. The cytokinin contents of upper part with pruning the lower part on the branch from cotyledon node were high 112-337% at 7 DAF and 14 DAF compared with those of the control. In case of remove the upper part of the first internode on main axis, t-ZR contents was 4.7 times higher than diZR contents at 7 DAF. The pod setting rate of flower and position on the branch from cotyledon node was closely related to the cytokinin contents during floral reproductive stage.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 1988.02a
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• pp.106-107
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• 1988

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.159-162
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• 1999

This study was carried out to determine the optimum harvest date of unshelled immature peanuts and dried kernels from 60 to 120 days after flowering. Fresh pod yield of spanish-type variety, 'Shaedl-tangkong(SD)' reached a peak of 9,140kg/ ha at 70 (days after flowering(Aug. 13) while that of virginia-type variety, 'Daepoongtangkong(DP)' reached a peak of 8,820kg/ha at 90 days(Sept. 11) after flowering. SD and DP showed maximum fresh kernel yield of 6,090 and 6,470kg/ha at 90 days after flowering (Sept. 11), respectively, while dry kernel yield reached a peak of 3,300 and 3,720kg/ha at 110 days(Oct. 1), respectively. Oil content of SD and DP were the highest at 90 days and 100 days after flowering, respectively and the oil content of two varieties increased rapidly from 60 to 90 days. Tannin content of the seed hull of SD increased continuously until 110 days after flowering while that of DP maximized at 100 days. The tannin content of the two varieties increased rapidly from 60 to 100 days. Total sugar of SD and DP showed highest content at 60 days and 70 days after flowering, respectively and suger content decreased very rapidly until 80 days and after that sugar content kept nearly constant. Oil, tannin and total sugar content of spanish-type SD were higher than those of virginia-type DP.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.298-302
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• 2006

This study was carried out to establish low-input fertilization and seeding technique using the simultaneous with seeding and fertilizer application machine and band spotty applicator which were manufactured for experiment during cultivation of mulching for peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.). The labor hour for seeding by simultaneous with seeding and fertilizing machine was appeared over 90% reduction effect compared with control plot($17.3hr\;10a^{-1}$). In band spotty fertilization plots, the emergence date was delayed about 4 days and the seedling stand rate was decreased 11~18% compared with control plot(man power). The content of total nitrogen of soil after experiment was increased while the contents of organic matter, available phosphate and exchangeable potassium were decreased than before experiment. The content of nitrogen forming nitrate was increased in band spotty fertilization(BSF) plots by increasing the amount of applied fertilizer from early growth stage till the middle growth stage. Growth rate was increased in band spotty fertilization plots and the absorbed amount of phosphate and potassium for peanut were increased in 70% band spotty fertilization plot compared with control plot. Yield of peanut was increased 70% in band spotty fertilization plot due to high pod kernel ratio and ripened pod rate compared with control plot($3,150kg\;ha^{-1}$). It was found that 70% band spotty fertilization was more effective as fertilization method to reduce both environmental pollution and chemical nitrogen fertilizer in plastic film mulching cultivation of peanut.