• Toxicological Research
• /
• 제29권1호
• /
• pp.21-25
• /
• 2013

The selective targeting of an integrin ${\alpha}_v{\beta}_3$ receptor using radioligands may enable the assessment of angiogenesis and integrin ${\alpha}_v{\beta}_3$ receptor status in tumors. The aim of this research was to label a peptidomimetic integrin ${\alpha}_v{\beta}_3$ antagonist (PIA) with $^{99m}Tc(CO)_3$ and to test its receptor targeting properties in nude mice bearing receptor-positive tumors. PIA was reacted with tris-succinimidyl aminotriacetate (TSAT) (20 mM) as a PIA per TSAT. The product, PIA-aminodiacetic acid (ADA), was radiolabeled with $[^{99m}Tc(CO)_3(H_2O)_3]^{+1}$, and purified sequentially on a Sep-Pak C-18 cartridge followed by a Sep-Pak QMA anion exchange cartridge. Using gradient C-18 reverse-phase HPLC, the radiochemical purity of $^{99m}Tc(CO)_3$-ADA-PIA (retention time, 10.5 min) was confirmed to be > 95%. Biodistribution analysis was performed in nude mice (n = 5 per time point) bearing receptor-positive M21 human melanoma xenografts. The mice were administered $^{99m}Tc(CO)_3$-ADA-PIA intravenously. The animals were euthanized at 0.33, 1, and 2 hr after injection for the biodistribution study. A separate group of mice were also co-injected with 200 ${\mu}g$ of PIA and euthanized at 1 hr to quantify tumor uptake. $^{99m}Tc(CO)_3$-ADA-PIA was stable in phosphate buffer for 21 hr, but at 3 and 6 hr, 7.9 and 11.5% of the radioactivity was lost as histidine, respectively. In tumor bearing mice, $^{99m}Tc(CO)_3$-ADA-PIA accumulated rapidly in a receptor-positive tumor with a peak uptake at 20 min, and rapid clearance from blood occurring primarily through the hepatobiliary system. At 20 min, the tumor-to-blood ratio was 1.8. At 1 hr, the tumor uptake was 0.47% injected dose (ID)/g, but decreased to 0.12% ID/g when co-injected with an excess amount of PIA, indicating that accumulation was receptor mediated. These results demonstrate successful $^{99m}TC$ labeling of a peptidomimetic integrin antagonist that accumulated in a tumor via receptor-specific binding. However, tumor uptake was very low because of low blood concentrations that likely resulted from rapid uptake of the agent into the hepatobiliary system. This study suggests that for $^{99m}Tc(CO)_3$-ADA-PIA to be useful as a tumor detection agent, it will be necessary to improve receptor binding affinity and increase the hydrophilicity of the product to minimize rapid hepatobiliary uptake.

• 분석과학
• /
• 제10권6호
• /
• pp.427-432
• /
• 1997

도데실황산나트륨(SDS)이 수식된 유리탄소전극에 의해 철(III) 이온의 정량분석이 선택성 있게 제안되었다. 이것은 SDS와 $Fe^{3+}$의 정전기적 인력으로 착물이 형성되는 데 근거한 것이다. 철(III) 이온의 정량분석은 시차펄스전압전류법(DPV)에 의해 하였고, 그 정량분석을 위한 $(DS^-)_n-Fe^{3+}$의 환원 피크는 +0.466(${\pm}0.002$)volt (vs. Ag/AgCl)였다. 철(III) 이온의 정랑분석을 위한 검량선은 $0.50{\times}10^{-5}{\sim}10{\times}10^{-5}mol/L$의 농도 범위에서 얻었으며, 검출한계는 $0.14{\times}10^{-5}mol/L$였다. $Cu^{2+}$, $Ni^{2+}$, $Co^{2+}$, $Pb^{2+}$, $Zn^{2+}$ 및 $Mn^{2+}$는 철(III) 이온의 정량에 거의 영향을 미치지 않으나, $CN^- $ 및 $SCN^-$은 철(III) 이온의 정량을 크게 방해하였다.

• 보존과학회지
• /
• 제32권1호
• /
• pp.21-32
• /
• 2016

아교는 나전, 목가구, 단청 등 문화재에 접착제 및 교착제로 광범위하게 사용돼 온 전통재료이다. 아교의 분석과 확인은 주로 IR에 의한 작용기의 확인을 통해 이루어졌으나 몇 가지 물질이 섞여 있는 경우 밴드의 중복 등에 의해 명확하게 아교를 확인하는데 어려움이 있다. 열분해/GC/MS분석은 소량의 시료로 열분해 산물의 화학성분을 알 수 있어 아교 등 고분자 재료의 성분을 분석하는데 유용하다. 본 연구에서는 단청 시편에서 아교를 이 방법으로 확인하고자 하였다. 우선, 단청 채색에 사용되는 아교, 동유에 대한 열분해/GC/MS 분석을 실시하여 주요하면서 특징적인 열분해산물을 확인하였다. 또한, 뇌록을 칠한 단청시편을 제작하여 열충격 시험과 인공 풍화 시험 후에 분석을 했을 때 약화가 되긴 하였지만 아교의 특징적인 peak의 검출이 가능하였다. 이로부터, 단청과 같이 다양한 재료와 풍화상태로 구성된 문화재에서 아교의 검출이 열분해/GC/MS로 가능함을 확인하였다. 아울러, 단청 시편을 IR로 분석하여 IR과 열분해/GC/MS 분석 간에 아교 검출 능력을 비교하였다.

• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제41권2호
• /
• pp.131-135
• /
• 2009

시판 분말 라면수프(RS-1, RS-2)에 대하여 방사선 조사선원(감마선, 전자선, 0-20 kGy)에 따른 ESR 분석특성을 연구한 결과, 수프에 함유된 결정형 당이 방사선 에너지에 의해 free radical을 생성하는 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 방사선 처리되지 않은 2종의 라면수프에서는 $Mn^{2+}$ radical이 나타났으나, 조사시료의 ESR spectra는 RS-1에서 g = 2.011, 2.006, 2.002 및 1.999, RS-2에서 g = 2.010, 2.006, 2.002 및 1.999의 4개의 peak를 가진 multi-component signal이 각각 확인되어 조사여부의 판별이 가능하였다. 또한 감마선 및 전자선과 조사선량에 따른 ESR intensity를 비교한 결과, 동일 측정조건에서는 모든 선량에서 전자선 조사시료가 감마선 조사시료보다 높은 강도를 나타내었다. 라면수프의 방사선 조사선량과 ESR intensity 간의 R2는 0.9665 이상을 보이면서 각 signal의 intensity는 조사선량이 증가함에 따라 일정한 비율로 증가하였으며, g-value가 나타나는 자장영역은 일정하였다. 이들 중 강도가 큰 $g_2$(2.010-2.011)와 $g_3$(2.002)의 signal 증가는 조사선량과 높은 선형적 상관을 나타내었다($R^2$= 0.9750-0.9981).

• 대한화학회지
• /
• 제37권8호
• /
• pp.723-729
• /
• 1993

탄소분말과 Nujol oil의 carbon paste 혼합물에 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol (PAN)을 섞어서 Cu(Ⅱ)이온에 감응하는 수식전극을 제작하였다. Cu(II) 이온이 포함된 완충용액에 전극을 담구어 전위를 가하지 않고 PAN-수식전극의 표면에 Cu(II) 이온을 석출시킨 후, 전해액으로 옮겨 일정시간 동안 일정 전위에서 환원시켰다. 그런 다음 양의 방향으로 전위를 주사함으로써 좋은 전압전류파를 얻을 수 있었다. 전극표면을 산용액에 담금으로써 재생시킬 수 있었다. 전극의 재현성은 석출/측정/재생의 순으로 5회 반복실험하여 조사한 결과 상대표준편차는 6.1${\%}$였다. 시차펄스 전압전류법으로 조사한 경우 2.0 ${times}$ 10$^{-7}$M에서 1.0 ${times}$ 10$^{-6}$ M의 농도 범위에 걸쳐 직선성이 성립했으며, 검출한계는 6.0 ${times}$ 10$^{-8}$ M이었다. Cu(II) 이온을 정량하는데 있어서 EDTA와 oxalate 이온을 제외한 다른 공존이온의 영향을 별로 받지 않았다.

• 대한화학회지
• /
• 제47권6호
• /
• pp.547-552
• /
• 2003

코발트와 니켈 이온을 4-(2-피리딜아조)레조루신올(PAR) 리간드와 킬레이트를 만들고 이 금속-PAR 킬레이트들을 역상 모세관 고성능 액체 크로마토그래피(RP-CpHPLC)로 분리와 정량을 하였다. 컬럼은 주로 Vydac C4 모세관 컬럼을, 이동상은 아세토니트릴(MeCN) 수용액을 사용하였다. 머무름 인자, k와 봉우리 높이에 대한 이동상의 pH와 MeCN 농도의 영향을 검토하여 분리와 정량의 최적 조건을 얻었다. 결과, 분리의 최적 이동상은 22.5% MeCN, pH 5.6이었고, Co(II) 이온의 정량은 이 조건에서 할 수 있었다. 그러나 Ni(II) 이온의 정량은 분리와 봉우리의 높이로부타 22.5% MeCN, pH 7.20이 보다 적합함을 확인하였다. 각각의 조건에서 Co(II)와 Ni(II) 이온의 검출한계(D.L., S/N=3)는 각각 $2.0{\times}10{-7}$ M(14.9 ppb)와 $1.0{\times}10{-6}$ M(59.2 ppb)였다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
• /
• 제19권4호
• /
• pp.418-425
• /
• 2002

Estrus was induced in 13 anestrus Korea Jin-do bitches by intramuscular injection of pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) in a dose of 500 lU once daily for ten consecutive days, followed by an additional single intraveneous injection of 1,000 lU of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) on the tenth day. Day-changes of vaginal epithelial cells during the hormone treatment were investigated in each experimental bitches and compared with the those of spontaneous estrus bitches. The first days of vulval bleeding and male acceptance after PMSG treatment were on Day 6.0$\pm$ 1.5 (mean$\pm$ SD) and Day 9.0$\pm$ 1.9, respectively. And in all of 13 bitches, vulval swelling and perineal reflex were shown. The mean durations of proestrus and estrus were 2.9$\pm$ 1.4 (mean$\pm$ SD, range ; 1-6) and 11.5: 1.7 (range ; 8-14) days, respectively, that is, duration of proestrus was significantly shorter than that of the spontneous estrous bitches but duration of estrus was longer than that of the spontaneous estrous bitches. Characteristic features of vaginal cytology during the estrous cycle were the high proportions of large intermediate cell, superficial cell, anuclear cell and erythrocyte in proestrus, superficial cell and anuclear cell in estrus and parabasal cell, small intermediate, large intermediate cell, and leukocyte in diestrus, respectively. The comification index (Cl) was significantly high proportion in proestrus and estrus, when Day 0 was timed from the first day of male acceptance, the Cl was first increased above 80% on Day 0 and maintained above 80% until Day 0 to Day 5 during 6 days and showed a peak on Day 2. Also it was maintained above 90% until Day 2 to Day 3 during 2 days. These results indicated that all 13 ekperimental bitches showed positive estrus detection by the estrus behavior and vaginal smear test after treated with PMSG and hCC. It suggested that vaginal cytology was used to estimate the optimal mating and ovulation time, in consideration of the day when the Cl was maintained above 80% in estrus-induced Korea Jin-do bitches.

• 한국대기환경학회지
• /
• 제21권4호
• /
• pp.439-458
• /
• 2005

An automated analysis system for water soluble constituents in $PM_{2.5}$ has been developed. The system consists of a high capacity multi tube diffusion scrubber (MTDS), a low temperature particle impactor (LTPI), and two ion (anion and cation) chromatography (IC) systems. Atmospheric particles have been collected by passing sample air through a thermostated MTDS followed by a LTPI. This system allows simultaneous measurements of soluble ions in $PM_{2.5}$ at 30 minutes interval. At the air sampling flow rate of 1.0L/min, the detection limits of the overall system are in the order of tens of $ng/m^3$. This system has been successfully used for the measurement of particulate components of Seoul air from April 2003 to January 2004. $SO_4^{2-},\;NO_3^-,\;NH_4^+,\;NO_2^-,\;Cl^-,\;Na^+,\;K^+,\;Ca^{2+},\;and\;Mg^{2+}$ are the major ionic species for $PM_{2.5}$ at Seoul. Among them, $SO_4^{2-},\;NO_3^-\;and\;NH_4^+$ are the most abundant ions, contributed up to $86\%$ of the total and the concentrations were higher than those in any other urban sites in the world except for Chinese cities. There are high pollutant episodes which contribute about $15\~20\%$ of annual average values of the major ions. During the episode, the all parcels were transported from the asian continent and $PM_{2.5}$ were significantly neutralized. This suggests that aged and long range transported pollutants caused the high pollutant episodes. They showed a distinct daily and seasonal variations:they showed a peak in the early morning caused by the night-time accumulation of particulate matters. Atmospheric reactions including gas-to-particle reactions and inter-particle reactions and meteorological parameters including relative humidity and ambient temperature were described with related to the $PM_{2.5}$ 5 concentrations. All of the ionic species showed higher concentrations during the spring than those for summer and winter.

• 약학회지
• /
• 제52권2호
• /
• pp.137-146
• /
• 2008

Even though driving under the influence of drug (DUID) is a worldwide problem, we, Korea has no regulation system yet except for alcohol, and there are little cases reported related to DUID. In order to investigate the type of abused drugs for drivers in Korea, we tried to analyze controlled and non-controlled drugs in alcohol-positive blood samples. 275 whole bloods, which were positive for alcohol on the roadside test, were collected from the police for two months ($Nov.{\sim}Dec.$ 2006). The analytical strategy was constituted of three steps: First, alcohol in blood samples were confirmed and quantified by gas chromatography. Second, controlled drugs were screened by $Evidence_{investigator}\;^{TM}$ (Randox, U.K.) as preliminary test. It was based on immunoassay by biochip array analyzer. Nine groups of drug abuse were screened: amphetamines, methamphetamines, cannabis, cocaine, opiates, barbiturates, methadone, benzodiazepines I (oxazepam) & II (lorazepam). Finally, confirmation of these drugs was performed by GC-MS. Blood samples were extracted by solid-phase extraction by $RapidTrace^{TM}$ (Zymark, U.S.A.). After trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatization, eluates were analyzed to GC-MS. Total 49 drugs were investigated in this study including controlled drugs, antidepressants, 1st generation antihistamines, dextromethorphan, nalbuphine, ketamine, etc. For rapid detection, we developed the automated identification system. It was made up a new software, "DrugMan", modified Chemstation data analysis menu and newly developed macro modules. A series of peak selection, identification and reporting of the results were performed automatically by this system. Concentrations of alcohol in 275 blood samples were ranged from 0.011 to 0.249% (average, 0.119%). Among 149 blood samples, just six samples (4.0%) were showed positive results to the immunoassay: one methamphetamine and five benzodiazepines group I. By GC-MS confirmation, only benzodiazepines were detected and methamphetamine was not detected from immunoassay positive blood sample. Besides these drugs, 5 chlorpheniramines, dextromethorphan, diazepam, doxylamine, ibuprofen, lidocaine and topiramate were also detected in whole bloods by GC-MS. Conclusively, the frequency of drug abuse for Korean drivers was relatively low. There was none case which illegal drug was detected. However these results were limited to alcohol positive blood samples, so it is necessary to analyze more samples including alcohol negative blood.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제38권3호
• /
• pp.359-363
• /
• 2009

영유아식 중 나이아신의 기기분석법을 개발하고 영 유아식 중의 나이아신의 함량을 조사하였다. 니코틴산 및 니코틴 아미드에 대해 액체 추출 및 고체상 정제과정을 통해 전처리 한 후 HPLC로 분석할 경우 $83{\sim}104%$ 범위의 회수율과 $1.5{\sim}3.5%$ 범위의 재현성을 나타내었다. 또한 260 nm의 파장에서 분석할 경우 $0.02{\sim}10$ mg/L 범위에서 검량선의 직선성이 1.0000 수준으로 매우 높게 나타났으며 영유아식 중의 검출 한계는 0.2 mg/kg 수준으로 나타났다. 총 50건의 영 유아식에 대해 나이아신 함량을 모니터링한 결과 $53.5{\sim}140.3$ mg/kg 수준으로 나타났으며 3회 반복시험 시의 상대표준편차는 $0.6{\sim}5.5%$ 범위로 나타나 본 방법이 나이아신 분석에 유용한 방법임을 확인하였다.