• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.106-109
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• 1999

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to evaluate morphology of acromion in relation to age and symmetry in asymptomatic adults. Materials and Methods: Seventy five asymptomatic adults were divided into two groups by age(A group of age twenties and B group of age over forty) and both acromial outlet views were obtained. One hundred fifty radiographs were typed and assessed radiologically by methods of Getz and Liotard. Results: The relative percentages of acromial types I, Ⅱ, and Ⅲ were 3%, 90% and 7% in the A group and 6%, 82% and 12% in the B group respectively, Subacromial peak and spinoacromial angle were 4.3mm, 82 degrees in the A group and 4.6mm, 78 degrees in the B group. Conclusion: Incidence of type is not related to age in normal adult and type II is the most common type. Spinoacromial angle is decreased in older age group and type Ⅲ.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.183-203
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• 2004

Objective : Tension-type headache is the most common headache. The objective of this study is to find the clinical manifestation of tension-type headache and correlation with autonomic bioelectric response. Methods : This observation was carried out on 60 patients with tension-type headache. We used headache questionnaire and the Autonomic Bioelectric Response recoder(ABR-2000) for this study. Results : 1. Distribution of sex & age : male : female=5 : 7, 50s&60s group (28.3%) 2. Duration of onset : over 5years(50%), over one years(83.4%) 3. Causes of illness : stress(58.3%), severe fatigue(53.5%), tension(33.3%) 4. Time of attack : irregular(56.7%), day time(16.7%) 5. Pattern of pain: heavy(31 people), stiffness of occipital region (27 people) tightening around the head(25 people) 6. Curve : 40%, 56.7%, 35.0% SL(Slope low) at peak 1, 2, 3/ SH&SI not found 7. Regulation : 16.7% RR(Regulation reverse) at peak 1, 25% RH(Regulation high) at peak 2, 15% RR(Regulation reverse) at peak 3 8. Graph : Activity-60.0%, 70.0%, 63.3% lowered reaction(L, LR, L!) at peak 1, 2, 3 Reactivity-83.3%, 95.0%, 93.3% lowered reaction at peak 1, 2, 3 Conclusion : We find tension-type headache has remarkable relativeness with autonomic bioelectric response.

• International Journal of Contents
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2010

Kinesio Taping (KT) is widely used by physical therapists to treat a variety of neuromusculoskeletal disorders. In this study it was examined whether or not KT has an effect on the peak torque and muscle activity of the quadriceps muscles in healthy subjects. KT was applied to the anterior thigh and tibia of fifteen healthy males (mean age, 25.42${\pm}$1.38 years, mean body height 178.58${\pm}$3.03 cm, mean body weight 71.58${\pm}$6.42 kg) who have no problem within past 2 months. The quadriceps peak torque was assessed using an isokinetic dynamometer while the mean data of muscle activity was measured by surface electromyography (EMG). The maximal voluntary isometric contraction was carried out on all subjects at $0^{\circ}$, $30^{\circ}$ and $60^{\circ}$ before, during, and after KT. There were no significant differences in the peak torque and mean data of quadriceps muscle(vastus lateralis, rectus femoris, and vastus medialis oblique) activity at $0^{\circ}$, $30^{\circ}$ and $60^{\circ}$ before, during and after application of KT (p>.05). From this study it could be concluded that the application of KT to the anterior thigh and tibia doesn't affect the peak torque and the muscle activity.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.113-119
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• 2020

Objective: The vibration device is one of the most commonly used warm-up devices not only for healthy athletes but also for healthy individuals. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the immediate effects of local vibration on ankle plantar flexor muscle activation and peak torque in healthy adults. Design: One-group pretest-posttest design. Methods: This was a single-group study comprising a total of 36 (16 males and 20 females) participants. The average age of the 36 participants was 22.3 years. All the participants' concentric and eccentric peak torques of the gastrocnemius lateralis muscle were measured using an isokinetic device. Simultaneously, the participants' muscle activity was measured by surface electromyography. After the pre-experimental data were collected, the participants comfortably sat on the prepared chair with their hips and knees flexed to 90°. While in sitting position, local vibration was applied for 10 minutes using a 1:1 ratio intermittent pulsing mode device based on a previous study. Then, the post-experimental data were collected immediately after the local vibration by performing a similar process performed during the pre-experimental data collection. Results: The results showed a significant difference in muscle activity and eccentric peak torque (p<0.05). On the contrary, concentric peak torque values showed an insignificant difference with pre- and post-value. Conclusions: The results of this study demonstrated that local vibration can be possibly considered as one of the effective ways to increase ankle plantar flexor muscle activity and muscle performance, specifically the eccentric peak torque, in healthy adults.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.205-213
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• 2021

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze body stability Joint coordination pattern though as bending stiffness of shoes during stance phase of running. Method: 47 male subjects (Age: 26.33 ± 2.11 years, Height: 177.32 ± 4.31 cm, Weight: 65.8 ± 3.87 kg) participated in this study. All subjects tested wearing the same type of running shoes by classifying bending stiffness (A shoes: 3.2~4.1 N, B shoes: 9.25~10.53 N, C shoes: 20.22~21.59 N). They ran 10 m at 3.3 m/s (SD ±3%) speed, and the speed was monitored by installing a speedometer at 3 m intervals between force plate, and the measured data were analyzed five times. During running, ankle joint, MTP joint, coupling angle, inclination angle (anterior-posterior, medial-lateral) was collected and analyzed. Vector coding methods were used to calculate vector angle of 2 joint couples during running: MTP-Ankle joint frontal plane. All analyses were performed with SPSS 21.0 and for repeated measured ANOVA and Post-hoc was Bonferroni. Results: Results indicated that there was an interaction between three shoes and phases for MTP (Metatarsalphalangeal) joint angle (p = .045), the phases in the three shoes showed difference with heel strike~impact peak (p1) (p = .000), impact peak~active peak (p2) (p = .002), from active peak to half the distance to take-off until take-off (p4) (p = .032) except for active peak~from active peak to half the distance to take-off (p3) (p = .155). ML IA (medial-lateral inclination angle) for C shoes was increased than other shoes. The coupling angle of ankle angle and MTP joint showed that there was significantly difference of p2 (p = .005), p4 (p = .045), and the characteristics of C shoes were that single-joint pattern (ankle-phase, MTP-phase) was shown in each phase. Conclusion: In conclusion, by wearing high bending stiffness shoes, their body instability was increased during running.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제13권10호
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• pp.4629-4635
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• 2012

본 연구의 목적은 중량물 들기 작업시 비대칭 무게중심과 상체 옆으로 기울임 여부가 어떻게 L5/S1 주변 허리 근육의 Peak EMG 진폭에 영향을 미치는지를 알아보는 것이다. 요통을 포함한 근골격계질환은 무겁지 않은 물체의 지속적인 반복 취급뿐만 아니라, 일회성의 커다란 부하도 신체 조직의 부담으로 작용하여 발생할 수 있다. 11명의 20대 대학생 남성은 15.8kg의 물체를 들어올리는 Task를 3회 실행하였다. 이 때 대칭 무게중심의 물체를 상체를 기울이지 않고 들어 올리는 경우, 비대칭 무게중심의 물체를 상체를 기울이지 않고 들어 올리는 조건, 그리고 비대칭 무게중심의 물체를 상체를 기울여서 들어 올리는 경우에 따라 6개의 L5/S1 주변의 근육들로부터 Peak EMG 진폭이 수집되어 분석되었다. 결과는 비대칭 무게중심을 지닌 물체 취급시 무게중심에서 먼 쪽의 허리 근육에서 Peak EMG 진폭이 발생하고, 그 진폭의 크기는 대칭 무게중심 물체를 취급하는 경우보다 크게 나타났다. 또한, 비대칭 무게중심의 물체를 취급할 경우 물체나 상체를 물체의 무게중심 방향으로 기울이는 것은 기울이지 않을 때보다 대측성 등근육에서 Peak EMG 진폭 증가시켰다. 이러한 연구 결과는 비대칭 무게중심의 중량물을 들어 올리는 작업에서 요통 발생을 예방하기 위한 행정적인 조치로써 가능하면 상체를 전두면 기준으로 기울이지 않는 작업자 자세 조언이 필요함을 말해준다.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.84-90
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to assess the test-retest reliability of heart rate (HR) and velocity measurements during peak effort and free treadmill walking tests in older patients with gait-impaired chronic hemiparetic stroke and control group. Twenty-two adults (13 men, 9 women; mean age, $73.7{\pm}5.2$ yrs) with chronic hemiparetic stroke are the experimental group. Nineteen elderly people (5 men, 14 women; mean age, $72.3{\pm}3.5$ yrs) were recruited as control group. Patients had mild to moderate chronic hemiparetic gait deficits, making handrail support necessary during treadmill walking. Free and peak effort treadmill walking tests were measured and then repeated at least two days later. Reliability was calculated from HR and walking velocity during free and peak effort treadmill walking test. Among the people who had strokes, HR [ICC(2,1)=.85, r=.86] and velocity [ICC(2,1)=.93, r=.93] were good parameters during free testing. Maximal testing generated good results for HR [ICC(2,1)=.81, r=.82] and velocity [ICC(2,1)=.96, r=.96] with the chronic hemiparetic stroke. In elderly people, HR [ICC(2,1)=.59, r=.62] and velocity [ICC(2,1)=.77, r=.76] were moderately reliable during free testing. Maximal testing produced moderate parameters for HR [ICC(2,1)=.74, r=.74] and velocity [ICC(2,1)=.66, r=.66] in the elderly. This study provides that free and maximal treadmill testing produce highly reliable HR and velocity measurements in adults with chronic hemiplegia using minimal handrail support.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.539-547
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• 2020

Purpose: Pediatric acute liver failure (PALF) is a serious condition; however, data on PALF in developing countries are sparse, particularly concerning molecular diagnosis and liver transplantation (LT). This study aimed to determine the causes, outcomes, and prognostic factors of PALF. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of children (age <15 years) with PALF diagnosed using the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases criteria at our center from 2011 to 2016. The collected data included laboratory results, complications, outcomes, and potential factors associated with death and LT. Results: We included a total of 27 patients, with a median age of 2 years (interquartile range, 3 months to 4 years). Viral infection was the most common etiology (n=8, 30%), predominantly dengue infection (n=4). A total of 16 patients (59%) died and 11 patients survived (3 patients with LT). The prognostic factors associated with death or LT requirement were grade IV hepatic encephalopathy (p<0.01), hypotension (p=0.02), gastrointestinal bleeding (p=0.03), increased intracranial pressure (p=0.04), and higher peak serum lactate level (p=0.01). Peak serum lactate ≥6 mmoL/L had a sensitivity of 79% and a specificity of 88% for predicting mortality or the necessity of LT. Conclusion: Viral infection was the most common cause of PALF. The mortality rate remained high, and a considerable number of patients required LT. In addition to several clinical factors, peak serum lactate could be a potential marker for predicting poor outcomes in PALF.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.39-50
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• 2016

Objective: The purposes of this study were to compare the kinematics of a two-arm kettlebell swing between experts and beginners and to identify the correct postures and biomechanical key points in an attempt to prevent sports injuries induced by a kettlebell swing. Methods: Four experts (height, $169.7{\pm}1.5cm$; weight, $70.5{\pm}1.8kg$; age, $32.0{\pm}1.0years$) licensed to teach kettlebell exercises and three beginners (height, $173.7{\pm}4.1cm$; weight, $78.3{\pm}3.8kg$; age, $30.0{\pm}1.4years$) with no kettlebell exercise experience participated in this study. Each participant performed 15 repetitions of a two-arm kettlebell swing using a 16-kg weight. Joint angles, angular velocities, and peak angular velocity sequences were calculated and compared between the two groups. Results: Large ranges of motion (ROM) of the pelvic angle and hip joints were detected in the experts, while beginners showed greater ROM of the shoulder joint. Peak angular velocity magnitudes and sequences were significantly different between the two groups. Experts lifted the kettlebell upward using the hip joints, pelvis, and shoulder joints (proximal to distal order) sequentially and lowered it using the reverse order of peak angular velocities from the shoulder to hip joints. Conclusion: Mobility of the pelvic segment and hip joint are required, while stability of the other joints is needed to produce appropriate two-arm kettlebell swings. The activation and coordination of the gluteal and hamstring muscles are key points in kettlebell exercises.

• Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.229-237
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• 2018

BACKGROUND: Statins are thought to have little effect on the progression of aortic stenosis, but the data on their role in patients with aortic valve sclerosis (AVS) are limited and inconsistent. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 541 consecutive patients (214 men, age: $70{\pm}11$ years) with AVS. Each patient underwent two or more electrocardiography examinations at least 6 months apart at Kangwon National University Hospital from August 2010 to August 2015. AVS is defined as irregular thickening of the leaflets, focal increases in echogenicity and minimal elevation of the peak aortic valve velocity (> 1.5 and < 2 m/s). The progression rate of AVS was expressed as the increase in peak velocity per year (m/s/yr). RESULTS: The mean follow-up duration was $24.9{\pm}13.3$ months in the statin-treated group and $24.1{\pm}12.4$ months in the non-statin-treated group (p = 0.460). There were no differences between the statin-treated and non-statin-treated groups in mean age, gender or smoking status. Relative to the non-statin-treated group, a higher number of patients in the statin-treated group had hypertension, diabetes, ischemic heart disease, and stroke. The progression rate of AVS did not differ between the statin-treated and non-statin-treated groups ($0.012{\pm}0.340m/s/yr$ vs. $0.014{\pm}0.245m/s/yr$, p = 0.956). Multivariate analysis showed initial peak aortic jet velocity was significantly associated with AVS progression (${\beta}=0.153$, p = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrated that statins had no effect on the progression of AVS. However, well-designed studies are needed to define the prognosis and management of AVS.