• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.466-473
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• 2013

Nondestructive evaluation (NDE) technique method using a resonance frequency mode was carried out for heat-treated wood under different conditions. The effect of heat treatment on the bending strength and NDE technique using the resonance frequency by impact hammer and force transducer mode for Korean paulownia, Pinus densiflora, Lidiodendron tulipifera and Betula costata were measured. The heat treatment temperature has been investigated at $175^{\circ}C$ and $200^{\circ}C$, respectively. There were a close relationship of dynamic modulus of elasticity and static bending modulus of elasticity to MOR. In all conditions, It was found that there were a high correlation at 1% level between dynamic modulus of elasticity and MOR, and static modulus of elasticity and MOR. However, the result indicated that correlation coefficient is higher in dynamic modulus of elasticity to MOR than that in static modulus of elasticity to MOR. Therefore, the dynamic modulus of elasticity using resonance frequency by impact hammer mode is more useful as a nondestructive evaluation method for predicting the MOR of heat-treated wood under different temperature and species conditions.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.77-98
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• 2024

The mourning attire worn by the Sangju (Chief Mourner) during Confucian funeral rituals is known as Gulgeonjebok. It is comprised of Gulgeon, Sujil, and Hyogeon on the head, and Jungui underneath. On top of the Jungui, the ceremonial garments called Choeui are worn, along with Choesang. Yojil and Gyodae are then tied around the waist. Mahye and Hangieon are worn on the feet, and a walking stick made of bamboo, paulownia, or willow is carried. A needlework master, Choe Onsun, who was designated as a Holder of Intangible Cultural Property of Jeollabuk-do on November 27, 1998, is recognized for her efforts in restoring and recreating the forgotten Gulgeonjebok. Thanks to her endeavors, the period, regional, and cultural characteristics of Gulgeonjebok in the Jeolla Province have been preserved. This study aims to examine and reproduce characteristic items of Gulgeonjeboks handed down by a needlework master, Choe, by conducting an empirical study on the dimensions and schematization of the Gulgeon, the method of cutting, and the sewing process. The empirical research on Gulgeojebok is expected to further enhance traditional sewing skills. It will also serve as a foundation for deepening the level of research on traditional dress and sharing traditional cultural heritage.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.415-424
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• 2015

This research was conducted to reveal the characteristics of breeding ecology of oriental scops owl (Otus sunia stictonotus) inhabiting in South Korea according to the nest types during the breeding season from march to October for two years (2011 and 2012). Oriental scops owl nested in woodpecker's nest holes (46.1%), natural tree holes (38.5%), and artificial wood boxes (15.4%). These nests were located on following trees: Zelkova serrata, Paulownia coreana, Celtis sinensis, Salix chaenomeloides, Salix babylonica, Fraxinus rhynchophylla, Robinia pseudoacacia and Platanus occidentalis. The hatching success was 91.4%, fledging success was 83.0%, and breeding success was 75.9%. The factors of the breeding failure were falling (57.1%), abandonment (28.6%), hatching failure (7.1%), and others with unknown cause of death (7.1%). According to nest types, the fledging success (69.2%) of woodpecker's nest holes were low and the hatching success (79.2%) of natural tree holes were also low due to hatching failure and abandonment. However, hatching success, fledging success, breeding success were high in the artificial nests as all the eggs hatched and succeeded in fledging. Therefore, we suggested that artificial nests can cover the weaknesses of natural nests as well as increasing the breeding success. However, long-term research on installation place, height, and hole sizes of the artificial nest are required in order to clearly reveal the effects on the breeding success of oriental scops owl.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.18-29
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• 2010

The vascular plants in ecological forest site on the Gujaebong (Mt.), Hadong were listed 338 taxa; 85 families, 219 genera, 290 species, 1 subspecies, 40 varieties and 7 forms. Divided into 338 taxa; woody plants were 121 taxa (35.8%) and herbaceous plants were 217 taxa (64.2%). Based on the legal protection species, endangered wild plants II were recorded; Aconitum austro-koreense, Corylopsis gotoana var. coreana and rare plants (IUCN) by the Korea Forest Service and Korea National Arboretum 5 taxa were recorded; Botrychium virginianum, Aconitum austro-koreense, Coreanomecon hylomecoides, Corylopsis gotoana var. coreana, Viola albida. Based on the list of Korean endemic plants, 13 taxa were recorded; Cephalotaxus koreana, Thalictrum actaefolium, Vicia nipponica, Indigofera koreana, Stewartia koreana, Weigela subsessilis, etc. Based on the list of approved for delivering overseas of plants, 5 taxa were recorded; Coreanomecon hylomecoides, Vaccinium oldhami, Paulownia coreana, Asperula lasiantha, Carex okamotoi. Specific plant species by floral region were total 21 taxa (6.2% of all 338 taxa of vascular plants); Aconitum austro-koreense, Corylopsis gotoana var. coreana in class V, Cimicifuga heracleifolia, Coreanomecon hylomecoides in class IV, 4 taxa (Stewartia koreana, Phacellanthus tubiflorus, Lonicera subhispida, etc.) in class III, Potentilla dickinsii, Viola orientalis in class II, 11 taxa (Aconitum jaluense, Angelica anomala, Erythronium japonicum, etc.) in class I. The naturalized plants in the surveyed sites were 8 families, 15 genera, 15 taxa (Phytolacca americana, Crassocephalum crepidioides, Lolium perenne, etc.) and naturalization rate was 4.4% of all 338 taxa of vascular plants.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.231-245
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• 2005

The flora of the studied area in the Jeonju stream was listed as 267taxa; 66families, 184genera, 236species, 28varieties and 3forms. Based on the list of an ecosystem disturbance plants by the Ministry of Environment, 3taxa were recorded in the studied areas: Paspalum digtichum(Gramineae), Solanum carolinense(Solanaceae), Ambrosia artemirizyolia var. elatior(Compositae). Based on the list of Korean endemic plant, 4taxa were recorded: Lilium amahile(Li1iaceae) , Prunus yedoens is(Rosaceae), Forsythia koreana(01 eaceae) , Paulownia coreana (Scrophulariaceae). Naturalized plant species was listed as 68taxa; 18families, 49genera, 66species, 2varieties, and Naturalization Index was 25.Spercent of 1/4 the vascular plants, Urbanization Index was 25. Ipercent analysis.

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.5
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• pp.31-36
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• 2004

The purpose of this experiment was to check the effects on metal corrosion of the 6 types of tree (Ash tree, Japanese cedar, black walnut, western hemlock, paulownia coreana and maple) which are currently being used, or the use of which is under study, by the Museum. As a method of test, an Oddy Test was conducted where the materials to be tested and the metal test piece are exposed to a specified temperature and humidity for a long period of time and the effects of materials on the test piece are observed. The results of the Oddy Test conducted on all 6 types of tree showed slight difference in the form of metal corrosion, and except for the blank, corrosion occurred on the entire surface of most iron (Fe) and lead (Pb) test pieces. Minor level of discoloration was noted in all test pieces of copper (Cu) even though different levels.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.178-182
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• 2008

Five essential oils and 15 herbal extracts were evaluated to control Bursaphelenchus xylophillus in laboratory. The essential oils from clove plant (Syzygium aromaticum), mustard (Brassica integrefolia), thyme (Thymus vulgaris), and Pelargonium inquinans were found to be highly promising and gave excellent control of the nematodes at all the time of exposure. Among them, the least one gave 91.3% mean mortality rate at 24 hours of exposure time, which is highly significant from the control. While in the second study, most of the methanol (Desmodium caudatum, Paulownia coreana, Auckulandia lappa, Sophota flavescens, Aloe sp., Rheum palmatum, Zingiber officinale, Magnolia officinalis, and Eugenia caryophyllata), hexane (Torreya nucifera, Pharbitis nil, Prunus mume, Melia azedarach, and Xanthium strumarium), and hot water (Cinnamomum cassia) herbal extracts killed the nematodes, but in varying degrees compared to the control. Only one extract was found to be promising viz Magnolia officinalis which found to be statistically different from the control and gave mean mortality of 72, 82.3, and 85.3 % for 24, 48, and 72 hours exposure, respectively. Further screening was conducted for M. officinalis with concentrations of 1,000, 100, and 10 ppm against the same species of nematode with the same time of exposure. However, it gave an excellent result for 1,000 ppm for all time of exposure, whereas for the 100 and 10 ppm it gave mean mortality of 39.5 and 25.8% for the time 72hrs, respectively that were statistically different from the control.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.66-74
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• 2008

In recent years, the view centered conservation for eco-system is getting important rather than development from human oriented perspective. As a result, the concept "Sustainable development", that is seeking harmony between conservation and development, appeared so that we researched distribution and status of vascular plants a site of project in the Bukkyungnam substation. The main findings from the study is as follows. The vascular plants a site of project in the Bukkyungnam substation area was listed 435 taxa; 93 families, 269 genera, 377 species, 1 subspecies, 51 varieties and 6 forms. Specific plant species by floral region were total 25 taxa; Acer palmatum (Planted species), Asperula lasiantha in Class III, Caryopteris incana, Cirsium schantarense in Class II, 21 taxa (Dryopteris erythrosora, Chloranthus japonicus, Salix glandulosa, Alnus hirsuta, Quercus variabilis, Ulmus parvifolia, Clematis patens, Rubus hirsutus, Euphorbia pekinensis, Cayratia japonica, Grewia biloba var. parviflora, Vaccinium oldhami, Microstegium japonicum, Hosta capitata, Polygonatum falcatum, etc.) in Class I. Based on the list of Korean endemic plants, 10 taxa were recorded; Cephalotaxus koreana, Populus tomentiglandulosa (Planted species), Indigofera koreana, Forsythia koreana (Planted species), Paulownia coreana (Planted species), Asperula lasiantha, Weigela subsessilis, Adenophora triphylla var. hirsuta, Carex okamotoi, Lilium amabile and based on the list of the rare plants by the Forest ResearchInstitute, 2 taxa were recorded in the studied areas; Lilium callosum (Preservation priority order; No. 191), Aristolochia contorta (No. 151). The naturalized plants in this site were 13 families, 22 genera, 28 taxa and naturalization rate was 6.4% of all 435 taxa vascular plants.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.224-235
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• 1998

Floristic composition of Kyongpo Provincial Park area were investigated from June, 1997 to June, 1998. Vascular plants were composed of 87 families, 240 genera, 281 species, 51 varieties, and 7 formae, totaling 339 taxa. Among them, three taxa such as Vicia venosissima, Paulownia coreana, Aster ciliosa were Korean endemic species. Pteridophyta calculation(Pte-Q) was investigated, 0.61. A naturalized plants were 12 species, corresponding to 5.5％ of totaling 218 species in South Korea by Lee and Chon(1995). The dominant species could be represented by Pinus thunbergii and P. densiflora. And its stratification structure were composed as follows : Pinus thunbergii and P. densiflora in tree and subtree layer, Pinus thunbergii, P. densiflora. and Prunus sargentii in shrub layer, and Spodiopogon sibiricus, Festuca ovina, Melandryum firmum, Artemisia princeps, Rumex acetosella, Commelina communis and Plantago depressa in herb layer, respectively. But stratification structure of dominant species appeared very unstable in subtree and shrub layer.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.623-639
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• 2017

We investigated traditional knowledge about ethnobotanical uses around national parks in the northern areas of Province Gyeongsangbuk-do, with the focus on the Sobeaksan National Park area. Interviews were carried out to 138 residents at 42 places from 7 counties and/or cities, and verified species and usage information were categorized by taxonomic groups, usage, and used parts. The ethnobotanical species of the regions consisted of a total of 277 taxa: 244 species, 3 subspecies, 28 varieties, and 2 forma in 213 genera of 79 families. The significant native plants included one Endangered Species (Paeonia obovata Max.) and four endemic species (Salix hallaisanensis H. Lev., Aconitum pseudolaeve Nakai, Paulownia coreana Uyeki, and Cirsium setidens (Dunn) Nakai, Sasa coreana Nakai). About 17 Approved Species for Delivering Overseas designated by Korea Ministry of Environment have been also traditionally valuable in the regions. The main usage of the plants were edible (185 taxa) and medicinal (175 taxa). Leaves were most commonly used parts (109 taxa), followed by stems (73 taxa), fruits (69 taxa), roots (67 taxa), and wholes (57 taxa). The traditional usage of plants were diverse as those useful parts. Leaves, fruits and seeds were used as edible and medicinal; sprouts (young shoots) were mainly used as edible; but roots and flowers were used as medicinal. The study does not only provides examples of traditional uses of native plants, but also facilitates sustainable managements and developments of ethnobotanical knowledge for the contemporary society.