• 산업융합연구
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.53-76
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• 2007

The purpose of this study verifies: the relationships between self-leadership (behavioral-focused strategies, natural reward strategies, constructive thought pattern strategies) and job satisfaction, and mediator effect of the organizational commitment. In order to verify the relationships and mediator effect, data obtained from 140 employees working in business office in Ulsan Metropolitan City were analyzed by using SPSS 12.0. The findings are as follows: First, the relationship between the self-leadership and the organizational commitment is positively related. Second, There was also a positive correlation between the organizational commitment and job satisfaction. finally, the organizational commitment played as a partial mediator on the relationship between self-leadership and job satisfaction. Based on these findings, the implication and the limitations of the study were presented including some directions for future studies.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2021년도 학술발표회
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• pp.275-275
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• 2021

A fixed Z-R relationship approach, such as the Marshall-Palmer relationship, for an entire year and for different seasons can be problematic in cases where the relationship varies spatially and temporally throughout a region. From this perspective, this study explores the use of long-term radar reflectivity for South Korea to obtain a nationwide calibrated Z-R relationship and the associated uncertainties within a Bayesian regression framework. This study also investigates seasonal differences in the Z-R relationship and their roles in reducing systematic error. Distinct differences in the Z-R parameters in space are identified, and more importantly, an inverse relationship between the parameters is clearly identified with distinct regimes based on the seasons. A spatially structured pattern in the parameters exists, particularly parameter α for the wet season and parameter β for the dry season. A pronounced region of high values during the wet and dry seasons may be partially associated with storm movements in that season. Finally, the radar rainfall estimates through the calibrated Z-R relationship are compared with the existing Z-R relationships for estimating stratiform rainfall and convective rainfall. Overall, the radar rainfall fields based on the proposed modeling procedure are similar to the observed rainfall fields, whereas the radar rainfall fields obtained from the existing Marshall-Palmer Z-R relationship show a systematic underestimation. The obtained Z-R relationships are validated by testing the predictions on unseen radar-gauge pairs in the year 2018, in the context of cross-validation. The cross-validation results are largely similar to those in the calibration process, suggesting that the derived Z-R relationships fit the radar-gauge pairs reasonably well.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.255-260
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• 2019

Oriental Diagnosis System(ODS) is an artificial intelligence program that utilize entered diagnosis knowledge, determine patient's disease and decide right medicine. The purpose of this study is to find a correlation between pattern Identification in Korean medicine and each sasang types(So-Yang, So-Eum and Tae-Eum) by analyzing ODS diagnosis result. Eventually our study secure availability of using ODS program at clinical training or developing diagnosis program. Subject of this study is 32 students participating in Sasang medical practice(12 subjects were So-Yang, 7 subjects were So-Eum, and 13 subjects were Tae-Eum). We analyze subject's clinical practice result reports by using ODS program and obtained result about pattern Identification. We used SPSS statistics 23 in analyzing the differences of the scores of Eight Principle Pattern Identification, Qi-Blood Pattern Identification, Bing-xie Pattern Identification, and Visceral Pattern Identification in each Sasang types (So-Yang, So-Eum, Tae-Eum). In the case of Heat-moisture, Tae-Eum showed higher score than So-Eum, but So-Yang showed no difference from the other two Sasang types(p<0.05). And in the case of Food-accumulation, Tae-Eum and So-Yang showed significantly higher score than So-Eum(p<0.05). It is hard to generalize the result because subject of this study was not enough. However, we explained correlation between pattern Identification in korean medicine and each sasang types based on quantifiable and objective evidence system. Therefore use of ODS program in student clinical practice training help to understand the relationship and correlation between different pattern Identification and will help standardization of clinical practice education.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.2589-2599
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• 2012

일부 종합병원에 근무하는 간호사들의 A형 행동유형과 피로자각증상과의 관련성을 검토하고자 일부 종합병원에서 근무하는 간호사 306명을 대상으로 2011년 5월 1일부터 6월 30일까지의 기간 동안에 구조화된 무기명 자기기입식 설문지(self-administered questionnaire)를 이용한 설문조사를 하였다. 연구결과, 조사대상자의 A형 행동유형의 분포는 A형 행동유형군이 50.7%, B형 행동유형군이 49.3%이었으며, 피로자각증상의 분포는 정상군이 76.8%, 고위험피로군이 23.2%이었다. A형 행동유형에 따른 피로자각증상의 분포를 보면, 피로자각증상이 정상인군은 B형 행동유형군이 높은 반면, 고위험피로군은 A형 행동유형군이 유의하게 높았으며, A형 행동유형은 피로자각증상과 유의한 양의 상관관계를 보였다. 또한 B형 행동유형군보다 A형 행동유형군에서 고위험피로군에 속할 위험비가 유의하게 상승하였다. 위와 같은 결과를 볼 때 A형 행동유형군은 B형 행동유형군보다 피로자각증상이 유의하게 높은 것을 알 수 있었다. 향후 다양한 연구대상에 대한 A형 행동유형과 피로자각증상과의 관련성에 대한 지속적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.903-907
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to investigate the pattern of metabolic syndrome(Mets) in stroke patients who were hospitalized in Daejeon oriental hospital. The present study was done over 445 hospitalized patient with stroke in the Daejeon University Oriental Medical Hospital in the period of November 2006 to December 2008. Stroke patients had been interviewed by residents and specialists who studied standard operation procedures in Fundamental study for Standardization and Objectification of Differentiation and Pattern Identification of Syndrome of Oriental Medicine for Stroke. We analyzed all registered data and evaluated the prevalence of Mets and specific components of Mets. The distribution of Mets in stroke patients according to American Heart Association/National Heart Lung and Blood Institute(AHA/NHLBI) criteria is 65.63%. The distribution of Mets in stroke patients according to International Diabetes Federation(IDF) criteria is 48.05%. The distribution of female patients is higher than that of male patients. The distribution of central obesity, low HDL cholesterol and hypertension is higher in female patients. There is no significant relationship between Mets and stroke type in AHA/NHLBI criteria.. But, there is significant relationship between Mets and stroke type in IDF criteria.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.167-173
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• 1996

This study was undertaken to evaluate a behavior-electroencephalogram (EEG) pattern relationship in pilocarpine- and kainic acid-induced convulsions of rats. Also we intended to examine the effect of a noncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, MK-801, and diazepam on the pilocarpine-induced behavioral and electrical seizures in rats. The electrical activities at frontal and hippocampal areas and behavior activities were measured in freely moving rats. At the beginning of the experiments, the rats displayed an exploratory behavior. This awake and moving phase with a low amplitude, irregular, 4-10 Hz wave was followed by a still phase. Pilocarpine (400 mg/kg, i.p.) and kainic acid (0.5 mg/kg, i.c.v.) induced tonic and clonic seizures. The pilocarpine-induced change in electrical activities exhibited a weak correlation with behavioral convulsion at all stages. The amplitude and duration of the electrical response were not linear with the degree of behavioral score. An application of MK-801 (dizocilpine, 7.5 mg/kg) did not affect the amplitudes of the convulsant-induced electrical activities, though the same dose of this drug caused the deformation of the electrical pattern. There was no effect of MK-801 on the behavioral and electrical activities as expected. Diazepam (1 mg/kg) did not affect the amplitude of the electrical activities induced by pilocarpine but changed the pattern of these activities. Our study shows that there is no linear relationship between degree of behavior and amplitude of electrical activities of convulsants. This may indicate that the NMDA receptor stimulation can be processed by the neocortical or hippocampal network in a different way between behavioral and electrical activities.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.250-255
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• 2023

This study applies various surface patterns to minimize material loss in construction equipment that is subject to severe wear due to sand, such as the wear-resistant steel plates of dump trucks or the teeth of excavators. The relationship between surface morphology and wear behavior is investigated using PLA+ polymer to observe the effect of the surface pattern. Five types of samples - smooth, concave, convex, wavy concave, and wavy convex designs - are created using a 3D printer. A wear experiment is conducted for a duration of 3 h using 6.5 kg of abrasive particles. The mass loss of the samples after the experiment is measured to assess the extent of wear. Additionally, the surface morphology of the samples before and after the experiment is analyzed using SEM and confocal microscopy. The study results reveal that the smooth design exhibits the highest wear loss, whereas the concave and wavy concave designs show relatively lower wear loss. The convex and wavy convex designs exhibit varying contact areas with the abrasive particles depending on the surface pattern, resulting in different levels of wear. Furthermore, a comparison between the experimental results and DEM simulations confirms the observed wear trends. This study reveals the relationship between wear damage according to surface pattern shape and is expected to be of substantial help in the analysis of wear and tear on agricultural and heavy equipment.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.537-545
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• 2016

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Dietary sugar intake, particularly added sugar and sugar-sweetened beverages, has received worldwide attention recently. Investigation of dietary behaviors may facilitate understanding of dietary sugar intakes of children and adolescents. However, the relationship between dietary sugar intake and dietary behaviors in the Korean population has not been investigated. Thus, this study aimed to estimate dietary sugar intake and food sources according to sex as well as examine the relationship of dietary sugar intake with frequent snacking and dietary patterns among Korean children and adolescents. SUBJECTS/METHODS: We pooled data from five studies involving Korean children and adolescents conducted from 2002 to 2011. A total of 2,599 subjects aged 9-14 years were included in this study. Each subject completed more than 3 days of dietary records. RESULTS: Mean daily total sugar intake was 46.6 g for boys and 54.3 g for girls. Compared with boys, girls showed higher sugar intakes from fruits (7.5 g for boys and 8.8 g for girls; P = 0.0081) and processed foods (27.9 g for boys and 34.9 g for girls; P < 0.0001). On average, 95.4% of boys and 98.8% of girls consumed snacks during the study period, and total sugar intake showed a significantly increasing trend with increasing energy intake from snacks (P < 0.0001 for both sexes). Two dietary patterns were identified by cluster analysis: Traditional and Westernized patterns. Total sugar intake was higher in the Westernized pattern (56.2 g for boys and 57.2 g for girls) than in the Traditional pattern (46.5 g for boys and 46.3 g for girls). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that multilateral and practical development of a nutrition education and intervention program that considers dietary behaviors as well as absolute sugar intake is required to prevent excessive sugar intake in Korean children and adolescents.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.9-18
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• 2017

As an indicator of skin health, acidified skin surface pH ranging from 5 to 7 is crucial for maintaining skin barrier. In this study, we evaluated the relationship between skin pH and dietary pattern (DP) as well as nutrient or food intake in 48 healthy middle aged adults. Skin pH was measured in the skin surface of the inner arm, and blood lipid profile was analyzed. Dietary intake data were obtained using 1 day 24 hour recall method, and DP was extracted using factor analysis. Results revealed that skin pH ranged from 5.15 to 6.88 in all subjects. There was no significant difference in skin pH between males and females. When subjects were grouped by tertile of skin pH, the food intake of fruit, and the nutrient intake of omega 6 fatty acid, potassium, vitamin A, vitamin C, ${\beta}$-carotene, and riboflavin in the first tertile group with skin pH ranging from 5.15 to 5.68 were significantly higher than in the third tertile group with skin pH ranging from 6.26 to 6.88. There was no difference in blood lipid profile between the first and the third tertile group. Among 5 DP extracted by factor analysis, DP5 characterized by a high intake of nuts and fruits as well as a low intake of beverages and alcohol was inversely correlated with skin pH after adjusting for gender and age. DP5 was positively correlated with nutrient intake of carbohydrate, fiber, potassium, iron, vitamin A, vitamin C, ${\beta}$-carotene, thiamine, and riboflavin but negatively correlated with sodium after adjusting for gender, age, smoking, and energy intake. Therefore, acidified skin pH could be maintained by these DP and nutrients.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.794-803
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• 2011

Self Organizing Map (SOM) was applied for pattern classification of hydrological and water quality data measured at Jangseong Reservoir on a monthly basis. The primary objective of the present study is to understand better data characteristics and relationship between the data. For the purpose, two SOMs were configured by a methodologically systematic approach with appropriate methods for data transformation, determination of map size and side lengths of the map. The SOMs constructed at the respective measurement stations for water quality data (JSD1 and JSD2) commonly classified the respective datasets into five clusters by Davies-Bouldin Index (DBI). The trained SOMs were fine-tuned by Ward's method of a hierarchical cluster analysis. On the one hand, the patterns with high values of standardized reference vectors for hydrological variables revealed the high possibility of eutrophication by TN or TP in the reservoir, in general. On the other hand, the clusters with low values of standardized reference vectors for hydrological variables showed the patterns with high COD concentration. In particular, Clsuter1 at JSD1 and Cluster5 at JSD2 represented the worst condition of water quality with high reference vectors for rainfall and storage in the reservoir. Consequently, SOM is applicable to identify the patterns of potential eutrophication in reservoirs according to the better understanding of data characteristics and their relationship.