• 복식
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• 제56권6호
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• pp.45-57
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• 2006

The purpose of this research was to find the present condition on dementia patients clothes design including shapes, colors, construction and details in domestic. This research was for confirming the present problems, suggestions, and basic informations for development dementia patients clothes proto-types. The research methods and process were as follows; 1. The total 20 institutes (5 dementia specialty hospitals, 3 the senior hospitals and 11 nursing care centers) were researched during from June to August, 2005 by trained researchers who had experiences researches. 2. The total 30 nurses and care-givers were interviewed for find the present problems related the dementia patients clothes. 3. The total 39 suits for dementia patients clothes were collected and the design analysed such like shapes, colors, constructions and details by taking pictures and drawing flat works. 4. The present condition about the clothes and problems were found and suggest new ideas. The results were belows; 1 The most of institutes of domestic area had two piece type like general hospital patients' clothes for dementia patients clothes. It means there are no concerning now for old dementia patients. 2. The white colors were firstly used as fabric ground and secondly pale tone or pastel tone colors were used The blue and pink were used as pattern colors. The pattern colors were usually moderate tones. 3. The characteristics of constructions and details were round neckline, buttons, full-length sleeves, straight pants, ankle length pants. 4. New functional fabrics and designs for emotional satisfaction were demanded for dementia patients.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.23-32
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• 2015

Objective : The purpose of this study was to develop a Pattern Diagnosis Instrument of Acne in traditional Korean Medicine. Methods : Data was collected by structured survey papers from 20 professors of The Korean Oriental Medical Ophthalmology & Otolaryngology & Dermatology Society(Delphi method). We investigated importance rates of the symptoms of each Pattern in the survey papers, then calculated Weighted Value of the symptoms. Results : Nine objective symptoms and nine subjective symptoms were selected by investigated importance rate in the survey from 20 professors of The Korean Oriental Medical Ophthalmology & Otolaryngology & Dermatology Society. In Wind-Heat pattern(WHP, 風熱型), inflammatory lesion of acne was the most important symptom. Oily skin, nodule and effect of menstruation are the most important symptoms in Dampness-Heat pattern(DHP, 濕熱型), Phlegm-Stasis pattern(PSP, 痰瘀型) and Disharmony of the thoroughfare and conception vessels pattern(DTCVP, 衝任不調型) each. Conclusions : The results might provide backgrounds and methods for clinical care of acne and follow-up study.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.103-111
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• 2013

Seven diagnosis-related groups (DRGs) prospective payment system is going to expand to all hospitals including university hospitals this year. However there are few studies on the change of practice pattern under prospective payment system in the university hospital setting. So This study was intended to predict the practice pattern change after the introduction of 7 DRGs prospective payment system in a university hospital setting. To predict the change of practice pattern, this study used simulation technique. Five hundred and nineteen patients classified as 5 DRGs in a university hospital were selected for simulation. The change of practice pattern were predicted based on clinicians' opinion. We also predicted payment change by service items. Major findings of this study are as follows. First, the total medical payment was reduced by 14.4%. The drug payment change (8.8%) took most of total payment reduction. The followings are the change of treatment material cost (3.2%), the change of laboratory tests cost (1.8%), the change of room charge (0.5%), and other payment change (0.1%), respectively. Second, most of the reduction in total medical payment resulted from the decreased amount of medical services themselves. The transfer of medical services to outpatient setting took up only 4.9% of the total payment reduction. The change of unit price or composition took up 5.5% of the total payment reduction. In this study we found that it is possible to reduce the inpatient services through practice pattern change in university hospital setting. However, it needs to be careful to adjust DRG payment after the reduction of provided services, because most of reduction was not due to service transfer but to service volume reduction. It is desirable to utilize the saving from practice pattern change as incentive to improve quality of care.

• 모자간호학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.3-11
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• 1994

Presently there is an increasing demand for home health care services due to changes in the demographic structure as a result of an increasing elderly population, socio-economic improvements, and changes in the family structure, as well as the growing number of people with degenerative diseases. In addition to these reasons, rising medical costs and there a shortage of patient beds space in the hospital, particularly since introduction of national medical insurance. There has been an increasing demand for health care health care services. This study was done to identify the basic data for home health care management. It focused on developing client selection criteria, assessment tools, and recording methods. This was accomplished by the researchers visiting the patients in their homes. The research process included preparation investigation, tool development, training of the project researcher, and visiting the clients in their homes. The research tools are as follows : 1. Record development : a) The selection criteria tool for home health care of postpartum women was a structured tool and consisted of four parts. b) The structured assessment tool consisted of a general items, obstetric history, past medical history, methods of feeding, medications taken before admission, laboratory test results, discharge instructions, discharge medications, family tree, economic status, environmental status, a map, health assessment of postpartum women and their newborns. c) The visit note I consisted of the frequency of visits. Visit note II consisted of the date ; nursing problems ; nursing process including the initial assessment ; nursing goal ; visit plan ; postpartum women and their neonate health status, diagnosis, goal, implementation, evaluation, summary, next plan, for visit revision. d) Problem note consisted of the date, problem numbers, nursing diagnosis, problem appearance date problem resolution date. The research results are as follows : 1. Nursing problems : The nursing problems of the postpartum women and their neonates were evaluated by the number of nursing diagnoses and the change in the pattern of nursing diagnosis related to the number of visits. a) Nursing diagnosis The nursing diagnosis was classified according to physical function, psychosocial function, family system maintained function. b) The changes of nursing diagnosis related to the number of visits. As the type of nursing diagnosis changed related to the number of visits the number of nursing diagnoses decreased. 2. Contents of home health care : The content was categorized according to assessment, direct care, counseling, education, family care, reporting to with the attending doctor. The recommendations based on the research results are as follows : 1. Tool development Replication of this study is needed to test the validity of the assessment tools used. 2. Home visit a) Home health care nurses should be licensed and qualified. A referral form from the attending doctor is needed for legal protection of nurses. b) The first home visit need to be within 24 hours of discharge from the hospital to decrease the anxiety of frightened postpartum women. c) When the changes occur in the newborn's status, home health care nurses should consult a pediatrician. Communication within the home healthcare team is essential and needs to consistent and done smoothly. 3. Home health care A Study is required to develop protocols for education of staff and for operation of all aspects of this program.

• 대한기관식도과학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.5-8
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• 2011

The proliferation of new technologies has significantly enhanced the diagnostic capabilities of flexible bronchoscopy compared with traditional methods. Narrow band imaging (NBI), an optical technique in which filtered light enhances superficial neoplasms based on their neoangiogenic patterns, was developed to screen for central intraepithelial moderate or severe dysplasia, carcinoma in situ (CIS), and microinvasive neoplasia in patients at risk for lung cancer. Because angiogenesis occurs preferentially in dysplastic and neoplastic lesions, NBI may identify early dysplastic lesions better than white light bronchoscopy (WLB) currently in use. NBI bronchoscopy can be used not only to detect precancerous lesions, but also to screen for cancerous lesions. We prospectively evaluated 101 patients with suspected lung cancer between July 2009 and June 2010. All were previously scheduled for flexible bronchoscopy CT scans. Abnormal NBI was defined by Shibuya's descriptors (tortuous, dotted, or spiral and screw patterns). Biopsies of 132 lesions in 92 patients showed that 78 lesions (59.1%) were malignant and 54 (40.9%) were benign. The diagnostic sensitivity of bronchoscopy in detecting malignancy was 96.2% (75/78). When assorted by lesion pattern, the sensitivity and specificity of NBI bronchoscopy in detecting malignancies were 69.2% (54/78) and 96.3% (52/54), respectively, for the spiral and screw pattern and 14.1% (11/78) and 96.3% (52/54), respectively, for the dotted pattern. Unexpectedly, additional cancerous lesions were detected in five patients (2 dotted and 3 spiral and screw). As a screening tool for malignant lesions, NBI bronchoscopy should assess combinations of all three lesion. The dotted and spiral and screw patterns may be helpful in determining which lesions should be biopsied. NBI bronchoscopy may be useful not only for the diagnosis of early-stage lung cancer but also for more accurate local staging of lung cancer.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.389-409
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• 1999

This study was carried out to identify the differences between nursing needs and levels of satisfaction of postpartum women during the early postpartum period. The goal of this study was to obtain needed to develope the nursing quality for postpartum women. The subjects were 87 postpartum women who had vaginal delivery at 2 general hospital and 2 maternity hospital in the Ulsan City. The period for the data collection was from June 1 to 29, 1999. The data was gathered using an 98 items questionnaire which was a modified version of a questionnaire the developed by Y. J. Chun. Results found are as follows : 1. The general characteristics of the subjects : The majority of subjects were 25-29 yrs. (57.5%), high school and college graduates(96.5%), unemployed(75.9%), middle ranged economics(93.1%), had no religion(43.7%), male baby(52.9%), birth weight 3-3.5Kg(49.4%), wanted pregnancy(96.6%), no abortion history(50.6%), had antenatal care(89.7%), had prenatal education(32.2%), postnatal education(42.5%), intended breast feeding (46.0%), had resonable self confidence about self(20.7%), infant care(36.8%) and nuclear family pattern(82.3%). 2. The level of nursing needs of overall nursing care(3.93) and the levels of satisfaction(3.86) was relatively high. The nursing needs by category of nursing care, the highest need was in the emotional and psychological care(4.09), and the lowest need was in physical need(3.73). The satisfactions by category of nursing care, the highest satisfaction was in emotional and psychological care(4.11) and the lowest satisfaction was in education in self care(3.64). The significant differences between nursing needs and satisfactions were found on education in infant care(p=.005), and education in self care(p=.020). 3. Among items of physical care, 'accurate medication and treatment(4.21)', 'control of postpartum hemorrhage(4.13)', 'pain control and care of episiotomy wound (4.12)' and 'regular observation of postpartum conditions(4.09)' showed high nursing needs. 'Accurate medication and treatment(4.31)', 'regular observation of postpartum condition(4.24)', 'control of postpartum hemorrhage(4.22)' and 'pain control and care of episiotomy wound(4.12)' showed high satisfaction levels. 4. Among items of emotional and psychological care, 'personal treatment(4.32)', kind and faithful care(4.30)', 'detailed explanation on the treatment or nursing care(4.25)', 'adequate draping during the care and treatment(4.23)' and detailed explanation on a doubt(4.13)', showed high nursing needs, 'personal treatment(4.52)', 'kind and faithful care(4.45)', 'detailed explanation on a doubt(4.24)', 'detailed explanation on the treatment or nursing care(4.21)' and 'adequate draping during the care and treatment(4.18)' showed high satisfaction of nursing care. Difference between the level of nursing needs and satisfaction was significant except item of 'early contacts with their baby and breast feeding'. 5. Among items of environmental care, the highest level of need and satisfaction were on the items of 'neat bedding and clothes(4.05, 4.21)' and 'room cleansing or care of room(4.01, 4.28)'. Differences between the level of nursing care and satisfaction were 'room cleansing of care of room'. 6. Among items of educational needs on self care, 'sitz bath method(4.22)', 'high risk symptoms to immediate clinic visits(4.13)', 'the timing of tub bath(4.05)' and 'good secretion of breast milk(4.03)', showed high nursing needs, 'sitz bath method(4.22)' showed high satisfaction of nursing care. Differences between the level of nursing care and satisfaction were 'the timing of hair shampoo', 'the timing of tub bath', ' the method of pad change', 'postpartum exercise', 'good secretion of breast milk', 'maintenance of breast figure', 'contraindicated drugs in postpartum women', 'kegel exercise' and 'breast self examination'. 7. Among items of educational needs on infant care, 'immunization of infants(4.36)', 'symptoms of sickness to immediate clinic visits(4.28)'. 'safety and emergency care(4.28)', 'umbilical care(4.26)', 'feeding times and intervals(4.24)', 'normal growth and development of infant(4.24)' and 'infection control(4.22)', showed high level of nursing care, 'immunization of infants(4.21)', 'feeding times and intervals(4.17)', were high satisfaction items showed significant differences between the level of nursing care and satisfaction. 8. Relationship between nursing needs and levels of satisfaction among postpartum women were as follows : 1) Physical area : There were no significant differences in the level of nursing needs, but satisfaction levels were significantly different among 'working mothers', 'baby's weights', 'baby's sex', 'planning of feeding' and 'routes of receiving postpartum informations'. 2) Emotional and psychological area : The level of nursing needs were significantly different in the area of 'confidence in self care'. Satisfaction levels were significantly different among 'baby's sex', 'baby's weights', 'the confidence of infant care' and 'working mother'. 3) Environment area : There were on significant differences in the level of nursing needs, but satisfaction levels were significantly different among 'maternal age' and 'baby's weights'. 4) Education in self care : The level of nursing needs were significantly different among 'parity history' and 'type of family formation'. Satisfaction levels were significantly different among 'working mother', 'baby's sex', 'antenatal care', 'postpartum education', 'planning of feeding', 'routes of receiving postpartum informations'. 5) Education in infant care area : The level of nursing needs were significantly different among 'parity history'. Satisfaction levels were significantly different among 'baby's sex', 'receiving postpartum education or not' and 'working mother'.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.153-171
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• 2016

With the advent of smart clothing for health care and sports, the sophisticated designs with curved seams are drawing attention. One of the problems in those clothing is to determine the design curves in 2D pattern, such that it corresponds to the lines on the intended 3D body. Moreover, the difficulty increases when the original pattern needs to be changed for various sizes and body types. We compare two methods of pattern enlargement in this paper: one is the offset/projection type, and the other is the split grading type. For the enlarged pattern with offset/projection type, the 3D surface offset was first adopted to transform the standard lower body to the target larger size; next, the design lines were projected to the new 3D surface, following which the 3D pattern was developed from the newly transformed 3D surface. In the second method, the enlarged pant patterns were developed by the split grading method. Here, a 3D pattern was developed from the initial body, and then enlarged to the target size by the conventional split grading method. Two feminine pants patterns were examined by 3D virtual fitting. We observed that the 3D offset/projection pants pattern was well fitted, having an evenly distributed surplus, as compared with the sample developed using the split grading method. The difference between the two patterns were apparent at the location where several curved lines merged.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.149-163
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• 2000

The purposes of this study were to investigate the pathway which stroke patients take in seeking medical care and to identify factors which influence that pathway. This study was conducted by a survey. The subjects were 130 adults, who were diagnosed with a stroke between January and April of 2000. Data was collected by means of a interview, questionnaires, and an Activity Index. The result of this study are summarized as follows: 1. The mean age of subject was 61.58 years. Forty-nine percent were men and fifty percent were women. The majority of the subjects were married. For educational level, thirty-three percent finished elementary school, and twenty-three percent, high school. Most of the subjects reported 'middle' economic status. Ninety-two percent lived with their spouse and children. The diagnosis for seventy-two percent was ischemic stroke and for twenty-two percent, hemorrhagic stroke. 2 The most frequent early sign of stroke was hemiplegia(43.3%), loss of consciousness (36.7%), dysarthria(33.3%). The type of hospital first used was a herb hospital(40.8%), or a western hospital(59.2%). The factors in their choice were ; distance from the hospital to the place that the stroke occurred(47.5%), desire for a herb hospital(15.8%), and an invitation(12.9%). The ischemic stroke patients preferred herb hospitals, but hemorrhagic stroke patients preferred a western hospitals. 3. The pattern of stroke patients seeking medical care was that forty-three percent of stroke patients pass through step 1, forty-six percent, through step 2, and 8.5% through step 3. The more steps, the higher the use of herb hospitals. 4. The factors influencing the pathway of stroke patients seeking medical care were diagnosis, and level of consciousness. Ischemic stroke patients used herb hospitals, more frequently hemorrhagic stroke patients, who used western hospitals. The alert patient preferred a herb hospital, but stupor patients preferred a western hospital. 5. The Activity Index was not related to the pathway which stroke patients used in seeking medical care.

• 복식
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• 제60권6호
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• pp.37-47
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of perceiver's gender, interval and color of checked pattern on clothing image. The experimental materials developed for this study were a set of stimulus and response scales. The stimuli were 16 color pictures, in which the perceiver's gender, interval(0.5cm, 1.5cm, 3.5cm, 5.5cm), and color(red, yellow, blue, purple) were manipulated. The 7-point scale was used for evaluation of clothing image. Data were obtained from 192 male college students and 192 female college students living in Seoul, Gwangju, Jinju, and Masan on December 2009. For data analysis, ANOVA and Duncan-test were used by using SPSS program. Results of this study were as follows.; Clothing image according to interval and color of checked pattern consisted of five dimensions of attractiveness, appeal, warmness, modesty, and freshness. Perceiver's gender showed an independent effect on appeal, modesty, and freshness. Interval showed an independent effect on appeal, warmness, modesty, and freshness. Also, interaction effects of Perceiver's gender and interval on appeal and freshness were found. Interaction effects of Perceiver's gender and color on appeal were found.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.133-143
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate the clothing image according to gender, coloration of chromatic and achromatic color, and interval of checked pattern. The experimental materials developed for this study were a set of stimulus and response scales. The stimuli were 16 color pictures, in which the gender(male, female), interval(0.5cm, 1.5cm, 3.5cm, 5.5cm), and coloration(WR: white+red, WY: white+yellow, WB: white+Blue, WP: white+purple) were manipulated. The 7-point scale was used for evaluation of clothing image. Data were obtained from 192 male college students and 192 female college students living in Seoul, Gwangju, Daegu, Jinju, and Changwon on March 2010. For data analysis, ANOVA and Duncan-test were used by using SPSS program. Results of this study were as follows.; Clothing image according to coloration of chromatic and achromatic color, and interval of checked pattern consisted of six dimensions of attractiveness, appeal, activity, freshness, modesty, and cuteness. Gender showed an independent effect on attractiveness, appeal, activity, freshness, and cuteness. Interval showed an independent effect on attractiveness. Coloration showed an independent effect on appeal, activity, freshness, modesty, and cuteness. Also, interaction effects of gender and coloration on freshness and cuteness were found.