• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
• /
• v.6 no.3
• /
• pp.141-148
• /
• 2017

The current advancement of mobile devices enables users to collect a sequence of user positions by use of the positioning technology and thus the related research regarding positioning or location information are quite arising. An individual mobility model based on positioning data and time data are already established while group mobility model is not done yet. In this research, group mobility model, an extension of individual mobility model, and the process of establishment of group mobility model will be studied. Based on the previous research of group mobility model from two individual mobility model, a group mobility model with more than two individual model has been established and the transition pattern of the model is represented by Markov chain. In consideration of real application, the computing time to establish group mobility mode from huge positioning data has been drastically improved by use of GPGPU comparing to the use of traditional multicore systems.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.44 no.1
• /
• pp.32-37
• /
• 1999

The experiment was conducted to investigate emergence response of lowland weeds at different soil moisture contents, burying depths and upon changes in soil moisture. Rice germination was over 50% at all burying depths under aerobic condition, but the emergence rate of the soil surface placed seeds in saturated and flooded conditions decreased by 19% and 29%, respectively, as compared with that of aerobic condition. Rice seeds at burying depth of over 3 cm did not emerge at all. The emergence rate of Echinochloa crus­galli (L.) Beauv. in aerobic condition was lower than 30%, but the emergence pattern of E. crus galli (L.) Beauv. at different soil moisture contents and seeding depths was similar to that of rice. Emergence behavior of lschaemum rugosum Salisb., Ludwigia octovalvis (Jacq.) Raven and Sphenoclea zeylanica Gaertn. which are dominant lowland weed species in the Philippines also differed depending on soil moisture conditions and burying depths. lschaemum rugosum Salisb. emerged at all burying depths under aerobic condition, whereasLudwigia octovalvis (Jacq.) Raven emerged only at 0 cm deep under saturated and aerobic condition and Sphenoclea zeylanica Gaertn. at 0 cm deep under flooding condition. Weed seeds planted at 1, 3, and 5 cm deep in continuous flooded and saturated condition did not emerge at all, but upon a change of soil moisture condition from saturated to drainage (S$\rightarrow$D) and flooded to drainage (F$\rightarrow$D), grass weeds began to germinate again and the average emergence rate in S$\rightarrow$D and F$\rightarrow$D were 26% and 5% forE. crus­galIi (L.) Beauv., 9% and 8% forI. rugosum SaIisb., respectively. Weed seeds buried in soil in the pot showed great emergence at S$\rightarrow$D but did not emerge under continuous flooded condition. The diversity index accounting for dominance degree and occurrence aspect of weed, was the lowest at F$\rightarrow$D.

• Journal of Distribution Science
• /
• v.14 no.10
• /
• pp.109-116
• /
• 2016

Purpose - This study investigates the purchase pattern relating to soybean products in Korea. Specifically, the effect of branding based on a regional name was analyzed in terms of consumer purchase frequencies. The primary purpose of this study is to understand why family characteristics affect product selection for a regional brand in the soybean food category. Research design, data, and methodology - We used data collected by the Rural Development Administration (RDA) of Korea. The RDA has monitored agricultural food consumers for years in order to obtain purchase records. Panel participants live in regions near the capital city of Seoul, Korea. Examining data from January 2010 to May 2016, 667 families were selected for analysis. The final data set was 1,335,402. Each purchase item by each individual family was aggregated to a countable weekly observation. To analyze the data set quantitatively, zero-inflation regression was adopted, which was appropriate to avoid biases from overly dispersed observations. Results - We hypothesized the effects of regional branding from the viewpoint of the family characteristics. The first hypothesis was that the number of children would be positively associated with the purchase of a regional brand of soybean products. The result strongly supported this hypothesis. The second hypothesis was that the number of family members would be negatively associated with the purchase of the soybean products of a regional brand. Based on empirical analysis, we concluded that this hypothesis was partially supported. The third hypothesis was the presence of an interaction effect between the number of children and the family size, which was supported by the results. As a supplementary analysis, we also tested mean-variance differences in terms of categories and regional branding with corporate branding. Conclusion - The results of this study provide insights for regional branding strategies in agricultural food management. This study appears to be one of the seminal studies trying to analyze purchase patterns from longitudinal observations. In addition, this study adopted variables characterizing family lifestyle. This study confirmed that children and family size should be considered when soybean product brands are introduced.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.209-219
• /
• 2007

The purpose of this study was to analyze biomechanical mechanism (posture, moment of back joint, EMG) when athletes (Judo, Ssirum) and lay people lifted a load according to two different lift methods; backlift and leglift. The number of subjects was 12; 8 athletes (4 for Judo, 4 for Ssirum) and 4 lay people. We recorded a lift motion in backlift and leglift using 7 real time infrared cameras (vicon) and analyzed EMG pattern of major muscles for a lift (lattisimus dorsi, erector spinae, biceps femoris). In a backlift Judo players showed a biggest range of back flexion and extension motion and lay people flexed more than other groups at phase 2 in which an interaction between groups and events was statistically significant (p=.024). In a leglift Ssirum players more flexed their back in a barbell lift and there was a statistical significance (p=.021) between groups and events. For moment of back joints, 1) in a backlift a larger loading on back joints in all three groups at phase 2 when lifting down a barbell, 2) in a leglift a larger loading on back joints when lifting down a barbell in two athlete groups but a larger loading when lifting up a barbell in lay people group, and all groups did not show any statistical significance. For EMG, right lattisimus dorsi muscle in a backlift was statistical significant (p=.006) in an interaction between groups and phase but left lattisimus dorsi muscle was insignicant, and there was not any significance in a leglift. Generally atheletes (Judo and Ssirum) used more their muscles of lower extremity in lifting up and down and lay people did more their ones of upper extremity.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.27-36
• /
• 2009

The purpose of this study was to identify effects of restricted trunk motion on the performances of the maximum vertical jump. Ten healthy males performed normal countermovement jump(NJ) and control type of countermovement jump(CJ), in which subjects were required to restrict trunk motion as much as possible. The results showed 10% decreases of jumping height in CJ compared with NJ, which is primarily due to vertical velocity at take off. NJ with trunk motion produced significantly higher GRF than RJ, especially at the early part of propulsive phase, which resulted from increased moments on hip joint. And these were considered the main factors of performance enhancement in NJ. There were no significant differences in the mechanical outputs on knee and ankle joint between NJ and RJ. With trunk motion restricted, knee joint alternatively played a main role for propulsion, which is contrary on the normal jump that hip joint was highest contributor. And restricted trunk motion resulted in the changes of coordination pattern, knee-hip extension timing compared with normal proximal-distal sequence. In conclusion these results suggest that trunk motion is effective strategy for increasing performance of vertical jumping.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.21 no.4
• /
• pp.461-467
• /
• 1989

The effect of $CO_2$ concentration on the post-harvest physiology and quality of Shiitake mushroom (Lentinus edodes) were investigated during CA storage. The respiratory rates of the mushroom stored in CA conditions were abruptly increased in proportion to $CO_2$ concentration after 40 days, and then declined, while that of the mushroom in air was continuously decreased throughout storage period. Large amounts of ethanol and acetaldehyde were produced from the 20 days CA stored mushrooms. The least changes in 5'-GMP content and electrophoresis pattern of protein in the mushroom were observed at $CO_2$ concentration of 2% during storage. Based on the changes in quality factors of the mushroom during storage, it could be concluded that $CO_2$ concentration of 2% with fixed $O_2$ concentration of 2% was more effective in extension of the freshness than any other $CO_2$ level in this experiment.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
• /
• v.39 no.1
• /
• pp.39-46
• /
• 2014

Purpose: Monitoring and control of environmental condition is highly important for optimum control of the conditions, especially in greenhouses and plant factories, and the condition is not uniform within the facility. Objectives of the study were to investigate variability in soil water content and to provide information useful for better irrigation control. Methods: Experiments were conducted in a strawberry-growing greenhouse (greenhouse 1) and a cherry tomato-growing greenhouse (greenhouse 2) in winter. Soil water content, electrical conductivity (EC), and temperature were measured over the entire area, at different distances from an irrigation pump, and on ridge and furrow areas. Results: When measured over the entire greenhouse area, soil water content decreased and temperature and electrical conductivity increased over time from morning to afternoon after irrigation. Water content decreased by distance from the irrigation pump up to 70 m and increased after that, and temperature showed an inverse pattern. Soil water contents on the ridge were lower than those on the furrow, and the differences were 10.2~18.4%, indicating considerable variability. The lowest EC were observed on the furrow and highest values were observed on the ridge. Soil water contents were less and temperature levels were greater at the window side than in the center locations. Conclusions: Selection of number and location of soil water content sensor would be the first step for better water content monitoring and irrigation control. Results of the study would provide basic data useful for optimum sensor location and control for underground greenhouse environment.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
• /
• v.37 no.7C
• /
• pp.619-626
• /
• 2012

With the service suggesting additional extended or related query, search engines aim to provide their users more convenience. The extended or related query suggestion service based on popularity, or by how many people have searched on web using the query, has limitations to elevate users' satisfaction, because each user's preference and interests differ. This paper will demonstrate the design and realization of the system that suggests extended query appropriate for users' demands, and also an improvement in the computing process between entering the first search word and the subsequent extension to the related themes. According to the evaluation the proposed system suggested 41% more extended or related query than when searching on Google, and 48% more than on Yahoo. Also by improving the shortcomings of the extended or related query system based on general popularity rather than each user's preference, the new system enhanced users' convenience further.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
• /
• v.32 no.8A
• /
• pp.827-835
• /
• 2007

In this paper, the extension method of data transmission range as adapting AAS(Adaptive Antenna Systems) in ECMA(European Computer Manufacturers Association) standard MB-OFDM(MultiBand-Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) UWB systems is proposed, and the complementary beamforming method which can solve hidden beam problem when we adapt AAS in CSMA/CA(Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance) systems is proposed. To design the complementary beamforming, Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization is utilized, whose beam pattern exhibits perfect nulling at the main beam angles and provides uniform power for detection of channel utilization out of main beam. The proposed method can be utilized with any arbitrary beamforming when we make main beamforming. Through computer simulation, it can be shown that proposed AAS and complementary beamforming increase data transmission range from 2m to 3.95m in 480Mbps data transmission system and increase throughput about 20% as compared with general UWB AAS systems.

• Molecules and Cells
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.232-239
• /
• 2007

$HrpN_{EP}$, from the gram-negative pathogen, Erwinia pyrifoliae, is a member of the harpin group of proteins, inducing pathogen resistance and hypersensitive cell death in plants. When the $hrpN_{EP}$ gene driven by the OsCc1 promoter was introduced into tobacco plants via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, their resistance to the necrotrophic fungal pathogen, Botrytis cinerea, increased. Resistance to B. cinerea was correlated with enhanced induction of SA-dependent genes such as PR-1a, PR2, PR3 and Chia5, of JA-dependent genes such as PR-1b, and of genes related to ethylene production, such as NT-EFE26, NT-1A1C, DS321, NT-ACS1 and NT-ACS2. However the expression of NPR1, which is thought to be essential for multiple-resistance, did not increase. Since the pattern of expression of defense-related genes in $hrpN_{EP}$-expressing tobacco differed from that in plants expressing $hpaG_{Xoo}$ from Xanthomonas oryzae pv. Oryzae, these results suggest that different harpins can affect the expression of different defense-related genes, as well as resistance to different plant pathogens.