• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.21 no.2 s.60
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• pp.1-10
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• 2006

Codonopsis pilosula and Adenophora triphylla were cultivated by sawing seeds, but the germination rate were low. To cultivate these two wild plants was very difficult. The marketable roots of the plants had low quality. The plant pathogens were very difficulty to prevent the diseases (Rhizoctonia, Pythium, Fusarium, Erwinia, Botrytis, Phythophthora) appeared in cultural state. For the extermination of the disease needs a lot of agricultural chemicals, the effect of remain behind an insecticides was high of a hazardous rate after harvest. On this studies, for the safe prevention of the diseases and the promote of seeds germination, we used Bacillus subtilis, B. liquefaciens, Paenibacillus polymixa, Pseudomonas putida separated in our research, these results would bring us harmless products of medicinal herbs for human.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.130-146
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• 1994

Our medical care system is trying to diversify in order to meet the client's needs, and to adjust to a medical environment which is changing very rapidly. Because current nursing theory and practice focus on holistic care, health care management, education, and research, contrary to the traditional emphasis on only assisting a physician, more autonomy and specialization for the implementation of nursing are required. Considering these trends and actual needs, the category of clinical nurse specialist should be established as soon as possible. In order to develop strategies for implementing this new professional specialty, the authors conducted a field survey and literature review of the current system in Korea. As a result, various obstacles and constraints were discovered as follows : 1) There are few accredited educational programs for the training of CNS's. 2) Several hospitals already have staff designated as clinical nurse specialist (CNS) even though the term CNS is not yet standardized or adopted in nationwide. 3) The role of the CNS is not clearly understood by the medical societies, or even nursing societies. A nurse who works in specific nursing areas such as central supply, kidney dialysis, intensive care, coronary care, etc. for a long time, considers herself /himself a CNS. Based upon the above findings, the following alternatives are recommended. 1) The role of the CNS should be defined according to specified functions and authority : professional autonomy ; counselling and educating patients and their familes, nurses, and even other medical personnel ; research on improvement of nursing ; and management of the nursing environment including medical resources, information, and cases. 2) the qualification of CNS should be attained only by a nurse who has an RN license and clinical experience of more than 3 years in a specific nursing field: passes a qualifying examination; and contributes to the professional development of peers, colleagues, and others. A master's degree should only be optional, because of the insufficient of graduate programs which are well designed for the CNS. 3) The CNS should initially be a head nurse rather than line staff in order to deal with as wide an experience base as possible. 4) The nursing specialty could be divided into two areas such as a clinical field and a community field. The clinical field could then be categorized by the Styles' classification such as diseases and pathogenics, systems, ages, acuity, skills/techniques, and function/role ; the community field could be classified according to work site.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.709-718
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• 2006

In order to know the effects of Garlic, Scallion, Flavonoid, Urushiol, Anthocyanidin and Bio-MOS?? on pathogenic microbes and rumen anaerobic microbes, the growth rate of pathogens (including Escherichia coli O157, Salmonella paratyphi, Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus) and in vitro rumen microbial growth, gas production, ammonia concentration, carboxymethylcellulase(CMCase) activity, and microbial populations were investigated.The growth of pathogens was inhibited by supplementation of 0.1% Flavonoid, Scallion or Bio-MOS?? as biological active materials. And Scallion and Flavonoid had powerful antimicrobial properties on the pathogens applied in paper disc method.Although few effects by biological active materials disappeared in rumen fermentation in vitro, CMCase activity removed with supplementation of 1% of Flavonoid which had antimicrobial property in paper disc method. Scallion, having powerful antimicrobial property on pathogens and no inhibiting on rumen fermentation, might be a source in development of natural antimicrobial agent for ruminants.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.1555-1561
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• 2007

In order to know the effects of scoria, germanium, charcoal, ginger, stevia, and CLA(Conjugated Linoleic Acid) as biologically active materials on pathogenic microbes and rumen anaerobic microbes, the growth rate of pathogens (including Escherichia coli O157, Salmonella paratyphi, Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus) and in vitro lumen microbial growth, gas production, ammonia concentration, carboxymethyl-cellulase (CMCase) activity, and microbial populations were investigated. The growth of pathogenic microbes was inhibited by the supplement of 0.10% ginger. Ginger had powerful antimicrobial properties on all the pathogens used in this experiments. Additionally in the antibacterial assay by paper disc method, we could observe the clear zone of similar area with the positive control(antibiotics) for E. coli as applied with the 10% stevia or the 10% CLA only. The supplements of ginger, stevia and CLA in vitro rumen fermentation inhibited populations of rumen bacteria and protozoa. Particularly supplement of ginger resulted in remarkable reduction of the protozoa population, which means it might serve as a source inhibiting material of methane creation in the rumen.