• 한국직업건강간호학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.247-257
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• 2012

Purpose: This study is designed to identify major factors that affect morale among staff of long-term care insurance in National Health Insurance Corporation. Methods: In order to collect the data, a survey was conducted by using the structured questionnaire based on 161 staff members of long-term care insurance of 50 long-term care operation centers, which were randomly selected by the table of random numbers in the whole centers of National Health Insurance Corporation from September 1 to 30, 2011. As for the data analysis, SPSS 18.0 was used to conduct the descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, mutiple regression, and path analysis. Results: The average point of morale was 3.37, and had a negative correlation with the job stress, while it had a positive correlation with the social support, professional identity, and self-efficacy. Job stress, social support, and professional identity have a significant effect on morale among the independent variables. These variables have significant effects on morale, and also have a positive effect on self-efficacy. The findings show that self-efficacy mediates the process of morale. Conclusion: In this study, the factor which influences the morale was identified. It turned out that the morale could be improved by reinforcing the professional identity, managing the health status as well as rotating the working place. As such, it expects both the improvement of long-term care insurance services outcome and its quality through the morale management.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제16권10호
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• pp.2095-2100
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• 2012

본 논문에서는 위치인식기반 WPAN 시스템에서 송수신 안테나간의 상관관계가 존재하는 MIMO-OFDM 환경인 경우 채널의 페이딩에 의한 영향을 완화시키고 통신링크 성능향상과 신뢰성을 증대시킬 수 있는 CS(channel sounding) 기법을 제안하며, 또한 본 논문에서는 sounding신호를 통해 채널 전파특성을 측정하여 CS기법으로 추정오차가 최적화된 송신단과 수신단간의 채널 전파특성을 측정한다. 이 제안된 기법을 통해 수신단에서 간단한 연산을 통하여 채널 용량을 증가 시켜 주며, 송신단에서 채널의 정보를 이용하여 최적의 전력 할당 할 수 있고, 채널 용량의 증가를 얻을 수 있게 된다.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제14권7호
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• pp.741-749
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• 2003

광섬유의 색 분산과 자기 위상 변조 외에 상호 위상 변조 효과에 의해 왜곡된 WDM 채널 신호가 MSSI (Mid-Span Spectral Inversion) 기법을 통해 보상되는 정도를 다양한 광섬유 분산 계수를 고려하여 분석해 보았다. 본 연구에서 고려된 시스템은 120 Gbps (3$\times$40 Gbps) 강도 변조 직접 검파 방식의 WDM 시스템이다. 또한 전체 전송로의 중간에 비선형 매질로 HNL-DSF(Highly nonlinear dispersion shifted fiber)를 갖는 광 위상 공액기를 두고, 광 위상 공액기를 중심으로 첫 번째 전송 구간에서의 평균 강도와 두 번째 전송 구간에서의 평균 강도를 같게 하는 PAIA(Path Averaged Intensity Approximation) 방식 의 MSSI 기법을 채택한 시스템이다. 채널별 보상 특성의 분석은 1 dB 기준 눈 열림 패널티(Eye Opening Penalty)를 이용했다. 색 분산과 비선형 효과에 의한 채널 신호 왜곡이 유도될 수 있는 장거리 WDM 시스템에 MSSI 기법을 적용하면 전송 거리와 전송 품질을 단일 채널 전송 이상으로 개선시킬 수 있고, 상호 위상 변조에 의한 왜곡의 보상 측면에서 MSSI 기법은 광섬유의 분산 계수가 비교적 큰 WDM 시스템에 더욱 유효하다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.85-92
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• 2016

PURPOSE: A good, valid, and feasible tool for evaluating sit to stand (STS) is needed to help clinicians quantify the STS ability of stroke patients and people with balance disorders. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the concurrent validity of the Nintendo Wii Balance Board (WBB) and a force plate during STS and gait. METHODS: Seventeen healthy adults performed five trials of STS and gait on the WBB placed on the force plate. The force plate and the WBB were compared in regard to center of pressure (COP) and ground reaction force (GRF) data that were collected simultaneously. The variables used for analysis were time (s), integral summation (%), COP path length (mm), COP x range, and COP y range, all of which were measured for both tasks. Counter (%), peak (%), and rebound (%) were analyzed for STS, and $1^{st}$ peak (%), min peak (%), and 2nd peak (%) were analyzed for gait. The concurrent validity was analyzed using an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and a standard error of measurement (SEM) with a 95% confidence interval. RESULTS: The concurrent validity of the WBB for STS ranged from fair to good (ICC=.701~.994, SEM=.029~3.815). The concurrent validity for gait was good (ICC=.869 ~.989, SEM=.007~2.052) aside from path length and x and y ranges of COP (ICC=-.150~.371, SEM=3.635~4.142). CONCLUSION: The GRF of the WBB has a good validity for STS and gait analysis. The WBB is remarkably portable, easy to use, and convenient for clinically assessing STS and gait.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.279-285
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• 2017

Objective: The purpose of this study was to perform a muscle function path analysis of muscle function on myofascial meridians. Method: Seven male students (mean age: $22{\pm}3.46years$; mean mass: $72.71{\pm}8.19kg$; mean height: $174{\pm}4.39cm$) without a history of musculoskeletal system symptoms or injuries were recruited for this study. The measurement muscle of the myofascial line was selected along with the muscle presented in "anatomy trains (Thomas W. Myers. 2014)", and the attachment of the surface EMG (Telemyo 2400T G2, USA) pad was determined according to "EMG analysis (Kim Tae Wan et al., 2013)". The subjects underwent maximum volumetric contraction of their fascia line end muscles three times in lying and standing postures and were subjected to the maximum number of contractions of the myofascial line muscle three times in the lying and standing postures. The sampling rate of the EMG signal was set to 1,000 Hz, and the bandwidth was 20 to 350 Hz. The activity of each muscle was quantitated using the Pearson correlation coefficient, and SPSS 22.0 was used for data analysis. Results: In myofascial meridians, a positive correlation in the myofascial connection and a negative correlation in the mechanical connection were observed. Conclusion: Muscles that show significant contract correlations with one another may be expected to be used as an effective clinical marker in muscle strengthening or relaxation therapy, and rehabilitative training. In this study, the correlation of total myofascial meridians may differ without consideration of functional posture. Future studies need to consider these points.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.870-879
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• 2000

An experimental investigation is conducted to improve a slot film cooling system which can be used for the cooling of gas turbine combustor liner. The tangential slots are constructed of discrete holes with different injection types which are the parallel, vertical, and combined to the slot lip. The investigation is focused on the coolant supply systems of normal-, parallel-, and counter-flow paths to the mainstream direction. A naphthalene sublimation technique has been employed to measure the local heat/mass transfer coefficients in a slot with various injection types and coolant feeding directions. The velocity distributions at the exit of slot lip for the parallel and vertical injection types are fairly uniform with mild periodical patterns with respect to the hole positions. However, the combined injection type increases the nonuniformity of flow distribution with the period equaling twice that of hole-to-hole pitch due to splitting and merging of the ejected flows. The secondary flow at the lip exit has uniform velocity distributions for the parallel and vertical injection types, which are similar to the results of a two-dimensional slot injection. In the results of local heat/mass transfer coefficient, the best cooling performance inside the slot is obtained with the vertical injection type among the three different injection types due to the effect of jet impingement. The lateral distributions of Sh with the parallel- and counter-flow paths are more uniform than the normal flow path. The averaged Sh with the injection holes are $2{\sim}5$ times higher than that of a smooth two-dimensional slot path.

• 지질공학
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.53-58
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• 1996

암석 시료의 파괴시에 발생하는 AE신호를 측정하여 파괴와 관련된 미세균열의 발생원에 대한 연구를 위하여서는 탐촉자에서 기록장치까지 전과정에 대한 검증이 필요하다. 특히 탐촉자는 기계적인 진동을 전기신호로 전환하는 기능을 가진 예민한 장치로서 다양한 인자에 의하여 예민도가 달라질 수 있기 때문에 보정시험을 실리하여야 한다. 압전 압력형 PAC 탐촉자를 NBS나 DG의 변위형 탐촉자에 의하여 보정하는 시험을 실시하였다. NBS 및 PAC탐촉자는 파의 입사방위각에는 무관하나 입사각에는 예민하게 반응한다. 즉, 입사각이 $90^{\circ}$ 일 때에는 입사각 $15^{\circ}$ 이하 일 때보다 약 10배의 큰 출력을 나타내었다. 또한, 시험에 사용된 PAC 탐촉자가의 경우 강도에 대한 개별 예민도의 차이가 최대 약 40%이었다. 압력형 PAC 탐촉자는 변위형 표준탐촉자로 절대치 보정시험을 실시한 결과 보정계수는 평균 77mv/pm이었다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.422-426
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• 1984

맥주맥의 세조파와 휴입광산파에서 파종량의 차이에 따른 주요형질간 상관과 $m^2$당수수, 수당입수, 1000입중의 수량에 대한 경로계수를 분석하였다. 세조파와 휴입광산파 공히 전파종량에서 유의한 상관을 보인 것은 출수일수와 성숙일수간이 정의, 성숙일수와 간장, 수당입수, 수량간에 각각 부의 간장과 수당입수간에 부의, 1,000입중과 1$\ell$중간에 부의 상관을 각각 보였다. 출수일수와 수량은 휴입광산파에서는 전파종량에서, 세조파에서는 소파에서만 부의 상관을 보였다. 이 외에 세조파에서는 출수일수와 1$\ell$중이 부의, 간장과 수량이 정의, 수량과 수당입수가 정의 상관이 있었고 휴입광산파에서는 수량과 $m^2$당수수간이 정의, 수량과 수당입수간에 정의, 수량과 1000입중간에 밀파에서 부의 상관이 있었다. $m^2$당수수, 수당입수, 1000입중의 수량에 미친 직접효과는 파종량에 관계없이 세조파의 경우 수당입수가 가장 컸고 다음은 $m^2$당수수였으나 휴입광산파에서는 $m^2$당수수.수당입수의 순으로 컸으며, 1,000 입중은 세조파.휴입광산파 공히 직접효과가 없었다. 간접효과는 어느 경우에서나 아주 낮은 수치를 보여 인정할 수 없는 정도였다.

• 대기
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.211-222
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• 2018

Cloud droplet activation process is well described by $K{\ddot{o}}hler$ theory and several parameterizations based on $K{\ddot{o}}hler$ theory are used in a wide range of models to represent this process. Here, we test the two different method of calculating the solute effect in the $K{\ddot{o}}hler$ equation, i.e., osmotic coefficient method (OSM) and ${\kappa}-K{\ddot{o}}hler$ method (KK). To do that, each method is implemented in the cloud droplet activation parameterization module of WRF-CHEM (Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry) model. It is assumed that aerosols are composed of five major components (i.e., sulfate, organic matter, black carbon, mineral dust, and sea salt). Both methods calculate similar representative hygroscopicity parameter values of 0.2~0.3 over the land, and 0.6~0.7 over the ocean, which are close to estimated values in previous studies. Simulated precipitation, and meteorological variables (i.e., specific heat and temperature) show good agreement with reanalysis. Spatial patterns of precipitation and liquid water path from model results and satellite data show similarity in general, but on regional scale spatial patterns and intensity show some discrepancy. However, meteorological variables, precipitation, and liquid water path do not show significant differences between OSM and KK simulations. So we suggest that the relatively simple KK method can be a good alternative to the OSM method that requires various information of density, molecular weight and dissociation number of each individual species in calculating the solute effect.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.451-462
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to examine the level of concern and the level of knowledge of endocrine disruptors, and the level of dietary behaviors to decrease exposure to endocrine disruptors, to determine the factors affecting the level of knowledge and behaviors, and to assess the causal relationship between them. The data were collected from 579 adults in Seoul, Incheon, Daejeon, Daegu, Busan and Gwangju provinces. Frequencies, t tests, analysis of variance, Cronbach's alpha, Pearson's correlation coefficient analysis, multiple regression analyses, and path analysis were carried out by SPSS for Win V.18.0. The results of this study were as follows: The level of concern about endocrine disruptors was higher than the medium level. The respondents were most concerned about a container of cup ramen among products related to foods. The levels of both knowledge and behaviors in order to decrease exposure to endocrine disruptors in dietary life were not high. The factors affecting the level of knowledge of endocrine disruptors were educational level, attendance in education for endocrine disruptors, and concern about endocrine disruptors. On the other hand, sex, age, concern about endocrine disruptors, and the level of knowledge of endocrine disruptors affected the level of behaviors to decrease exposure toward endocrine disruptors. The results of the path analysis showed that educational level and education of endocrine disruptors had an indirect influence on the level of behaviors in order to decrease exposure to endocrine disruptors in dietary life. The concern about endocrine disruptors had both a direct and an indirect effect on the level of behaviors to decrease exposure to endocrine disruptors in dietary life. In addition, sex, age and the level of knowledge of endocrine disruptors directly affected the level of behaviors to decrease exposure to endocrine disruptors in dietary life.