• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.33 no.8
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• pp.1242-1251
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• 2020

Objective: The 3×3 factorial arrangement was used to investigate if either high water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC) cultivars or suitable time of day that the grass cut could improve nutrient values and in vitro fermentation characteristics. Methods: The 3 cultivars were mowed at 3 diurnal time points and included a benchmark WSC ryegrass cultivar 'Premium', and 2 high WSC cultivars AberAvon and AberMagic, which contained, on average, 157, 173, and 193 g/kg dry matter (DM) of WSC, and 36.0, 36.5, and 34.1 g/kg DM of N during 7th regrowth stage, respectively. The fermentation jars were run at 39℃ with gas production recorded and sampled at 2, 5, 8, 11, 14, 17, 22, 28, 36, and 48 h. The rumen liquid was collected from 3 rumen fistulated cows grazing on ryegrass pasture. Results: High WSC cultivars had significantly greater WSC content, in vitro DM digestibility (IVDMD) and total gas production (TGP), and lower lag time than Premium cultivar. Methane production for AberMagic cultivar containing lower N concentration was marginally lower than that for AberAvon and Premium cultivars. Grass cut at Noon or PM contained greater WSC concentration, IVDMD and TGP, and lower N and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) contents, but CH₄ production was also increased, compared to grass cut in AM. Meanwhile, the effects of diurnal cutting time were influenced by cultivars, such as in vitro CH₄ production for AberMagic was not affected by cutting time. The IVDMD and gas production per unit of DM incubated were positively related to WSC concentration, WSC/N and WSC/NDF, respectively, and negatively related to N and NDF concentrations. Conclusion: These results imply either grass cut in Noon or PM or high WSC cultivars could improve nutrient values, IVDMD and in vitro TGP, and that AberMagic cultivar has a slightly lower CH₄ production compared to AberAvon and Premium. Further study is necessary to determine whether the increase of CH₄ production response incurred by shifting from AM cutting to Noon and/or PM cutting could be compensated for by high daily gain from increased WSC concentration and DM digestibility.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.303-326
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• 2010

This study was carried out to investigate the flora of Mt. Gaji(Gyeongsang nam-do). The vascular plants which are collected in 12 times(from May to Oct. 2006 and Mar. to Oct. 2009) were identified as 573 taxa in total, including 106 families, 314 genera, 503 species, 6 subspecies, 56 varieties, 8 forms. There were many useful plants such as 20 taxa of Korean endemics and 10 taxa of specially designated plants which were determined by the Korea Forest Service. The designated in endangered plants by the Ministry of Environment, which should be protected by the wildlife protection law, were identified as 3 taxa and 64 taxa of specially designated floristic regional indicator plants by the Ministry of Environment. Based on the list of approved for delivering overseas of plants, 23 taxa were recorded in the investigated area. The naturalized plants were identified as 22 taxa, and their naturalization ratio were found to be 3.8% respectively. The 573 taxa listed consists of 217 taxa(37.8%) of edible plants, 181 taxa(31.5%) of medicinal plants, 91 taxa(15.8%) of pasture plants, 86 taxa(15%) of ornamental plants, 19 taxa(3.3%) of timber plants, 11 taxa(1.9%) of fiber plants and 7 taxa(1.2%) of industrial plants.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.327-349
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• 2010

This study was carried out to investigate the distribution of vascular plants and their use from 2007 to 2009 in Mt. Unmum(Cheongdo-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-Do). The vascular plants were summarized as 605 taxa including 98 families, 304 genus, 514 species, 3 subspecies, 68 varieties, and 20 forma. Among the investigated 605 taxa, 21 rare and endangered plants, 29 Korean endemic plants were included. Based on the list of specially designated plants by Ministry of Environment, 70 taxa included Iris odaesanensis and Gastrodia elata were recorded in the investigated area. The naturalized plants were identified as 23 taxa and the percent of naturalized index(NI) was 3.8% of total 605 taxa vascular plants. Usage of 605 taxa were consists of 225 taxa(37.2%) of edible plants, 191 taxa(31.6%) of medicinal plants, 64 taxa(10.6%) of ornamental plants, 46 taxa(7.6%) of pasture plants, 18 taxa(3.0%) of timber plants, 14 taxa(2.3%) of fiber plants, and 3 taxa(0.5%) of industrial plants. To management of natural resource, we suppose that it is required to establish an ecological learning area to minimize human disturbance and an effective managemet strategy by continuous monitoring for ecosystem change.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.566-588
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• 2013

This study was carried out to investigate the vascular plants of the Mt. Gariwang (1,560.6 m) Protected Area for Forest Genetic Resource Conservation. The vascular plants collected 5 times (from May 2011 to October 2012) consisted of total 529 taxa; 89 families, 272 genera, 458 species, 3 subspecies, 62 varieties and 6 forms respectively. Among them, 22 taxa of Korean endemic plants and 30 taxa of Korean rare plants were investigated in addition to 144 taxa of specially designated plants announced by the Ministry of Environment of Korea. Naturalized plants were 15 taxa, therefore naturalized ratio was 2.83%. 529 taxa listed consists of 178 taxa (33.6%) of edible plants, 144 taxa (27.2%) of medicinal plants, 163 taxa (30.8%)of pasture plants, 68 taxa (12.8%) of ornamental plants, 20 taxa (3.8%) of timber plants, 8 taxa (1.5%) of fiber plants, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.45-71
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• 2015

This study was carried out to investigate the flora of Mt Hanseok (Inje-gun, Gangwon-do) from March, 2013 to August, 2014. Vascular plants were summarized, numbering 603 taxa including 101 families, 337 genera, 520 species, 5 subspecies, 69 varieties and 9 forms. Among the 603 investigated taxa, 14 Korean endemic, 17 rare plants and 99 plants specially designated by the Ministry of Environment were also included. Naturalized plants amounted to 37 taxa. The percentage of naturalized plants species and the urbanization index were estimated to be 6.1% and 11.5%, respectively. Useful plants of the 603 taxa listed consist of 223 taxa (36.9%) which are edible plants, 217 taxa (35.9%) which are pasture plants, 165 taxa (27.3%) as medicinal plants, 67 taxa (11.1%) as ornamental plants, 22 taxa (3.6%) which are timber plants and 9 taxa (1.4%) of miscellaneous plants.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.78-95
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• 2009

This study was examined the vascular plants and their characteristics cited in 311 science textbooks of elementary and secondary schools used in the fifth to seventh curriculum. Vascular plants were composed of 129 families, 332 genera, 383 species, 2 subspecies, 47 varieties, 6 forma, and 3 hybrid, totaling 441 taxa. The herbs and trees were consists of 280 taxa (63.5%) and 161 taxa (36.5%), respectively. Native species (241 taxa) were more cited than non-native species (200 taxa). The number of species within a family were high ranked in 35 taxa of Compositae, and 26 taxa of Gramineae. Nine species including endemic genus Hanabusaya Nakai and Abeliophyllum Nakai among the 441 taxa were Korean endemic, and the 25 rare and 12 endangered plants were also included. Based on the list of the species of specially designated plants by the Ministry of Environment, 83 taxa were recorded in the investigated textbooks, and the naturalized plants were 16 taxa. 441 taxa listed consists of 185 taxa (41.9%) of edible plants, 148 taxa (33.5%) of medicinal plants, 139 taxa (31.5%) of ornamental plants, 87 taxa (19.7%) of pasture plants, 34 taxa (7.7%) of timber plants, 13 taxa (2.9%) of miscellaneous plants, 8 taxa (1.8%) of fiber plants, and 3 taxa (0.7%) of industrial plants.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.383-397
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• 2011

This study was carried out to investigate the flora of the southeastern areas, including Donghae-si and Samcheok-si, of Gangwon-do. Vascular plants based on voucher specimens were summarized as 750 taxa, including 109 families, 394 genera, 642 species, 5 subspecies, 90 varieties, and 13 forms. Among the investigated 750 taxa, 17 Korean endemic, 38 rare plants and 147 specially designated plants by the Ministry of the Environment were also included. The naturalized plants were 28 taxa, and the percent of naturalized plant species was estimated as 3.7%. The life form of the investigated taxa was the H-R5-D4-e type. The usefulness of the plants of the 750 taxa listed consists of 284 taxa (37.9%) of edible plants, 232 taxa (30.9%) of medicinal plants, 124 taxa (16.5%) of pasture plants, 88 taxa (11.7%) of ornamental plants, 21 taxa (2.8%) of timber plants, 20 taxa (2.7%) of fiber plants, 7 taxa (0.9%) of miscellaneous plants and 3 taxa (0.4%) of industrial plants.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.278-289
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• 2007

This study investigated species formation and their vegetation on the roadsides of 1100 Road and 5 16 Road in Hallasan National Park from August 2004 to December 2006 to provide basic data for distributional attribute of the naturalized plants. The vascular plants investigated on the roadsides of Hallasan National Park were found to be 62 families, 145 genera, 197 taxa in total, in which naturalized plants were recorded as 11 families, 29 genera, and 37 taxa. The floristic formation at 1100 Roadside was composed of Festuca arundinacea-Dactylis glomerata association, which was again divided into Trifolium pratense-Plantago lanceolata sub-association and Sasa quelpaertensis-Gleichenia japonica sub-association. The florisitic composition of the 5 16 Roadside was sorted as Festuca arundinacea-Dactylis glomerata association, Oplismenus undulatifolius-Potentilla fragarisiiforlia, elatior association, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, and etatior-Persicaria thunbergii association. Among the naturalized plants distributed at this area, the annual plant accounts for 51.4%[19 taxa] and the plant of European origin accounts for 70.3%[26 taxa]. As for the background of the introduction of these plants, the case of introduction for forage or a mixture with grain and for pasture was 35.1% and 21.6% respectively, showing higher introduction circumstances than others. As shown in the study, most of the roadsides were occupied by the naturalized plants- Festuca arundinacea and Dactylis glomerata association and various naturalized plants; thus we can assume that it's because Festuca arundinacea and Dactylis glomerata association were mostly used for re-vegetation of the destroyed areas due to road construction or expansion or road maintenance and improvement project.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.537-554
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• 2006

This study aims to investigate the distribution of the useful economic plants and the flora of Maninsan. The flora of Maninsan was investigated from March to November in 2003. Vascular plants of this area consist of total 450 taxa; 5 forma, 53 varieties, 392 species, 279 genera, 95 families. It corresponds to 11.1% of totally 4,071 taxa appeared in Korea. Useful plants of this area were investigated 373 taxa. It corresponds to 82.7% of collected plants in this area under our study. Among the useful plants, there are 191 taxa of edible source, 181 taxa of pasture source, 153 taxa of medicinal source, 54 taxa of ornamental source, 18 taxa of timber. Korean endemic plants were composed 10 families, 13 genera, 9 species, 4 varieties and totaling 13 taxa.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.391-400
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• 2017

Italian ryegrass (IRG) is one of the fastest growing grasses available to farmers. It offers rapid establishment and starts growing early in the following spring and has fast regrowth after defoliation. So, IRG can be utilized as the dominant/single species of grass used in a farming system, or to play a role as a large producing pasture and sacrificial paddock. The objective of this study was to develop the use of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) for the evaluation of feed value of IRG. For this study, UAV imagery was taken on the Nonsan regions two times during the IRG growing season. We analyzed the relationships between $NDVI_{UAV}$ and feed value parameters such as fresh matter yield, dry matter yield, acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), total digestible nutrient (TDN) and crude protein at the season of harvest. Correlation analysis between $NDVI_{UAV}$ and feed value parameters of IRG revealed that $NDVI_{UAV}$ correlated well with crude protein (r = 0.745), and fresh matter yield (r = 0.655). According to the relationship, the variation of $NDVI_{UAV}$ was significant to interpret feed value parameters of IRG. Eight different regression models such as Linear, Logarithmic, Inverse, Quadratic, Cubic, Power, S, and Exponential model were used to estimate IRG feed value parameters. The S and exponential model provided more accurate results to predict fresh matter yield and crude protein than other models based on coefficient of determination, p- and F-value. The spatial distribution map of feed values in IRG plot was in strong agreement with the field measurements in terms of geographical variation and relative numerical values when $NDVI_{UAV}$ was applied to regression equation. These lead to the result that the characteristics of variations in feed value of IRG according to $NDVI_{UAV}$ were well reflected in the model.