• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.455-467
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• 2011

The main purpose of this study was to survey the various kinds of recipes for pheasant found in seventeen Korean cookbooks published from the 1800's to the 1990's. There were 95 pheasant recipes found in the literature which could be classified into three major groups: cooking with moist heat, cooking with dry heat, and other. The three major groups were then broken down into thirteen smaller groups. A detailed look at the frequency of terms in each recipe shows that Gui Sanjeok (grilled Korean shish kebabs) appears 24 times, Guk Tang and Jeongol (soup and stew) 23 times, Kimchi (fermented cabbage) 11 times, Po (jerky) 9 times, Jorim (boiled in soy sauce) 7 times, Jjim (steamed) 6 times, Bokeum (stir-fried) 5 times, Twigim (deep-fried) 3 times, Buchim (fried) 2 times, Jigae jijim (stewed) 2 times, and Jang (paste), Myeon (noodles), Gooum (boiled) and Yeot (Korean hard taffy) 1 time each. The main ingredient is always the pheasant. We investigated the use of the whole pheasant cooked, how to slice and tenderize pheasant meat, use the meat only, or use only certain parts. Depending on the characteristics of cooking recipes, pheasants with thin, soft bones and organs were investigated for cooking. Substituted materials were used for a few of the vegetables, meat, and seafood in the recipes, and seem to go well together. Garnishes used included pine nut powder and fried eggs. Seasoned salt, soy sauce, pepper, sesame, sesame oil, chopped onion, garlic, and ginger were also reported to have been used.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.81-84
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• 2011

PURPOSE. The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the adhesion of initial colonizer, Streptococcus sanguis, on resin, titanium and zirconia under the same surface polishing condition. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Specimens were prepared from Z-250, cp-Ti and 3Y-TZP and polished with $1 {\mu}m$ diamond paste. After coating with saliva, each specimen was incubated with Streptococcus sanguis. Scanning electron microscope, crystal violet staining and measurement of fluorescence intensity resulting from resazurin reduction were performed for quantifying the bacterial adhesion. RESULTS. Surface of resin composite was significantly rougher than that of titanium and zirconia, although all tested specimens are classified as smooth. The resin specimens showed lower value of contact angle compared with titanium and zirconia specimens, and had hydrophilic surfaces. The result of scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that bound bacteria were more abundant on resin in comparison with titanium and zirconia. When total biofilm mass determined by crystal violet, absorbance value of resin was significantly higher than that of titanium or zirconia. The result of relative fluorescence intensities also demonstrated that the highest fluorescence intensity was found on the surface of resin. Absorbance value and fluorescence intensity on titanium was not significantly different from those on zirconia. CONCLUSION. Resin specimens showed the roughest surface and have a significantly higher susceptibility to adhere Streptococcus sanguis than titanium and zirconia when surfaces of each specimen were polished under same condition. There was no significant difference in bacteria adhesion between titanium and zirconia in vitro.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.269-279
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• 2008

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Recently, various all-ceramic crowns fabricated with CAD/CAM systems have come into wide use in dental clinic. However, there are only few domestic studies on CAD/CAM restorations. PURPOSE: Purpose of this study was to compare the fidelity (absolute marginal discrepancy and internal gap) between various cores fabricated with different CAD/CAM systems (Procera system, Lava system, Cerec inLab system) and conventional metal cast core. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 10 cores per each system were fabricated. The absolute marginal discrepancies were measured using measuring microscope and digital counter. The internal gaps were calculated using a silicone paste. The results were statistically analyzed using the one-way ANOVA test and Tukey's HSD test. RESULTS: Within the limits of this study the results were as follows. 1. The absolute marginal discrepancies were $32.5{\pm}3.7\;{\mu}m$ for metal cast core, $72.2{\pm}7.0\;{\mu}m$ for Procera core, $40.8{\pm}5.4\;{\mu}m$ for Lava core, and $55.3{\pm}8.7\;{\mu}m$ for Cerec inLab core. The internal gaps were $38.4{\pm}5.7\;{\mu}m$ for metal cast core, $71.4{\pm}5.3\;{\mu}m$ for Procera core, $45.9{\pm}7.3\;{\mu}m$ for Lava core, and $51.8{\pm}6.2\;{\mu}m$ for Cerec inLab core. 2. The fidelity of metal cast core showed the smallest gaps, followed by Lava core, Cerec inLab core, and Procera core. CONCLUSION: The fidelities of 4 core groups were all within the clinically acceptable range ($120\;{\mu}m$).

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.358-363
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• 2017

PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability of computer-aided replica technique (CART) by calculating its agreement with the replica technique (RT), using statistical agreement analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS. A prepared metal die and a metal crown were fabricated. The gap between the restoration and abutment was replicated using silicone indicator paste (n = 25). Gap measurements differed in the control (RT) and experimental (CART) groups. In the RT group, the silicone replica was manually sectioned, and the marginal and occlusal gaps were measured using a microscope. In the CART group, the gap was digitized using optical scanning and image superimposition, and the gaps were measured using a software program. The agreement between the measurement techniques was evaluated by using the 95% Bland-Altman limits of agreement and concordance correlation coefficients (CCC). The least acceptable CCC was 0.90. RESULTS. The RT and CART groups showed linear association, with a strong positive correlation in gap measurements, but without significant differences. The 95% limits of agreement between the paired gap measurements were 3.84% and 7.08% of the mean. The lower 95% confidence limits of CCC were 0.9676 and 0.9188 for the marginal and occlusal gap measurements, respectively, and the values were greater than the allowed limit. CONCLUSION. The CART is a reliable digital approach for evaluating the fit accuracy of fixed dental prostheses.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.18 no.5 s.95
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• pp.703-708
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• 2006

The slurry infiltrated fiber concrete(SIFCON) is recognized as one of the most promising new construction materials. Compressive and direct tensile tests are performed to investigate the mechanical property of SIFCON. Hooked-end steel fibers are used in the mix with fiber volume fraction varied from 4% to 10%. The water/cement ratio is kept constant at 0.4. The amount of silica fume added is 10% by weight of cement and 0.5% of water reducing agent is added to improve the workability of the slurry. The test results in this study show that the compressive strength of SIFCON is about 1.59 to 2.68 times in comparison with the cement paste. Tensile strength is showed the enhancement of about 2.51 to 8.77 times. It is also observed that the toughness and ductility of SIFCON are increased significantly with the increasing in fiber volume fraction.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.25-34
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• 2016

From 1990's, a study on the development of exothermic concrete, a concrete which electro-conductive material is mixed, has been proceeded. However, due to the difficulty of exothermic reproducibility of concrete specimen, the study has been unable to continuously carried out. Accordingly, this study was focused on developing an exothermic concrete for the purpose of snow-melting material. Cement paste and mortar specimens mixed with graphite, conductive metal powder and chemical admixture were made. The evaluation of exothermic performance and reproducibility was conducted under $-2^{\circ}C$ of low temperature. In addition, micro-chemical analysis was carried out to investigate a cause of exothermic reproducibility. As a test result, the specimen mixed with graphite and superplasticizer with air entrained showed the best exothermic performance and reproducibility. Through micro-chemical analysis, it is judged that polymer or methacrylic acid (MAA), the contents inside the superplasticizer with air entrained, gave exothermic reproducibility by generating the electrochemical reaction with graphite.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.1044-1051
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• 2003

In this paper, a compact planar microwave duplexer on the high dielectric substrate is presented. As the Ba(Mg$\sub$1/3/Ta$\sub$2/3/)O$_3$(BMT) has good dielectric performances with a high dielectric constant of $\varepsilon$$\sub$r/=23, it is suitable to apply to a printed circuit board fur reducing its circuit size. The BMT substrate is fabricated by using a tape casting fabrication process, and circuit patterns are screen-printed on it by suing silver paste. The open-loop ring type duplexer is designed and implemented on the BMT substrate, and it achieves the smaller size by 80% than one on a commercial substrate($\varepsilon$$\sub$r/=6.15) without degenerating its performance. Therefore the proposed BMT substrate has provided the miniaturization of the duplexer, moreover it can make a contribution towards reducing the size of microwave passive circuits.

• Composites Research
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.17-23
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• 2010

The stealth technology can increase the survivability of aircrafts or warships and enhance the capability of mission completion in hostile territory. The purpose of this paper is to present the low observable structure with curved surfaces made by fiber-reinforced composites and to show the possibility of developing omnidirectional stealth platforms for military applications. In this study, we developed a radar absorbing structures(RAS) based on a circuit analog absorber to reduce the radar cross section(RCS) of an object with curved surfaces. Firstly, the RAS with a periodic square patterned conducting polymer layer was designed and simulated using a commercial 3-D electromagnetic field analysis program. Secondly, the designed semi-cylindrical structure with low RCS was fabricated using fiber-reinforced composites and conducting polymer. To make the periodic pattern layer, acts as resistive sheet, the intrinsic conducting polymer paste containing PEDOT with a polyurethane binder was used. Finally, the radar cross section was measured to evaluate the radar absorbing performances of the fabricated RAS by the compact range facility in POSTECH.

• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.213-228
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• 2014

Alkali-activated binder (AAB) is recently being considered as a sustainable alternative to portland cement (PC) due to its low carbon dioxide emission and diversion of industrial wastes and by-products such as fly ash and slag from landfills. In order to comprehend the behavior of AAB, detailed knowledge on relations between microstructure and mechanical properties are important. To address the issue, a new approach to characterize hardened pastes of AAB containing fly ash as well as those containing fly ash and slag was adopted using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectra microanalyses. The volume stoichiometries of the alkali activation reactions were used to estimate the quantities of the sodium aluminosilicate (N-A-S-H) and calcium silicate hydrate (CSH) produced by these reactions. The 3D plots of Si/Al, Na/Al and Ca/Si atom ratios given by the microanalyses were compared with the estimated quantities of CSH(S) to successfully determine the unique chemical compositions of the N-A-S-H and CSH(S) for ten different AAB at three different curing temperatures using a constrained nonlinear least squares optimization formulation by general algebraic modeling system. The results show that the theoretical and experimental quantities of N-A-S-H and CSH(S) were in close agreement with each other. The $R^2$ values were 0.99 for both alkali-activated fly ash and alkali-activated slag binders.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.46-50
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• 1978

Aflatoxin, a mixture of the at least four toxic and carcinogenic metabolites, is known to be produced by only a few fungi. The toxins were designated aflatoxins because they were produced by the mold Aspergillus flavus(A. flavus). However, at least four other toxins and other species of the genus A. niger, A. parasiticus A. ruber and wentii have been reported to produce aflatoxins. And also the identical compounds may also be produced by molds, the Pencillium. At least four different species of Penicilliurn have been reported to produce aflatoxins (P. citrinurn, P. frequentans, P. puberulurn. and P. variable). So it is now known that the problem of Aflatoxin is not restricted to the single species A. flavus, even though that is a very common mold. Also additional aflatoxins have been discorvered. For sereral years, only four aflatoxins were known: $B_1, B_2, G_1$ and $G_2$, so designated by reason of their fluorescence and chromatographic charateristics. It is now known that there are really two new toxic materials in the milk. During the past year(1966) they were christened aflatoxin $M_1$ and $M_2$, since they were first found in milk. The two other and most recently discorvered aflatoxins were isolated late in 1966 from cultures of A. flavus, and were designated aflatoxin $B_2a$ and aflatoxin $G_2a$. In order to obtain a breaf information about extent of contamination of foodstuffs by aflatoxin which is known to produce eight different mold, aflatoxin detection of cereals and fermented foods on sale, such as polished rice, barley, wheat, wheat flour, lentil, red bean, soy bean, noodle, kochuj ang and Dwenjang (fermented soy bean paste) and chong Kuk, were carried out. The results of this investigation were summarized as follows: The hexane:$CHCl_3$ extracts of polished rice, barley wheat, wheat flour, lentil, red bean, noodle and kochujang yielded fluorescent spots on thin layer plates. However their Rfvalues were different from those of authentic aflatoxins. The fluorescent substances of the extract from soy bean, Dwenjang and chong kuk showed very similar Rf values to those of the standard aflatoxins. By two dimensional thin layer chromatography and comparison of ultra violet absorption spectra, it was found that these fluorescent substances were not aflatoxins. To conclude, aflatoxins themselves were not detected directly in those samples tested.