• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.147-151
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• 2009

For integrated passive device (IPD) applications, we have successfully developed and characterized metalinsulator-metal (MIM) capacitors with 2000 $\AA$ plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) silicon nitride which are deposited with the $SiH_4/NH_3$ gas mixing rate, working pressure, and RF power of PECVD at $250^{\circ}C$. Five PECVD process parameters are designed to lower the refractive index and lower the deposition rate of $Si_3N_4$ films for the high breakdown electric field. For the PECVD process condition of gas mixing rate (0.957), working pressure (0.9 Torr), and RF power (60 W), the atomic force microscopy (AFM) root mean square (RMS) value of about 2000 $\AA$ $Si_3N_4$ on the bottom metal is lowest at 0.862 nm and the breakdown electric field is highest at about 8.0 MV/cm with a capacitance density of 326.5 pF/$mm^2$. A pretreatment of metal electrodes is proposed, which can reduce the peeling of nitride in the harsh test environment of heat, pressure, and humidity.

• 천문학회보
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.33.1-33.1
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• 2013

Galaxies undergo various processes in the cluster environment, which could affect their evolution. In particular, ram pressure due to intracluster medium (ICM) can effectively remove HI gas, which is a relatively diffuse form of interstellar medium (ISM). On the other hand, molecular gas is not expected to get easily stripped as atomic gas since it is denser and sitting well within the stellar disk in a deeper potential well. However, cluster galaxies are found to be redder and more passive in star formation activity compared to their field counterpart. This implies that molecular gas may also get affected somehow in dense environments. In this work, we investigate molecular gas properties of a sample of galaxies undergoing HI stripping due to the ICM. We present the 12/13 CO (2-1) data of four spiral galaxies in the Virgo cluster at different ram pressure stripping stages, obtained using the Sub Millimeter Array (SMA). CO morphology of the sample appears to be highly asymmetric and disturbed. Using the ratio of different lines, we probe the molecular gas temperature in different regions. We find higher gas temperature than the range normally found among field galaxies. We discuss how these distinct molecular gas properties may affect star formation and hence the evolution of the cluster galaxy population.

• 대한설비공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한설비공학회 2007년도 동계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.416-422
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• 2007

The application analysis of bubble pump on the domestic solar water heater system is presented. The system investigated in this study is a passive device, self pumping and self regulating. It was test to use the bubble pump on solar water heater system. The test experiment has been taken on the existed vacuum tube about the efficiency, working fluid temperature and pressure and circulated power. In order to check the working temperature and working pressure effectively, the bubble pump was test separated from the solar water heater. The equipment consists of the bubble pump, heater and heat exchanger. The main structure of bubble pump was design depend on the character of two phase flow. The complete system was instrumented to measure pressures, temperatures and their relationship with the solar radiation intensity. The theory analysis of design bubble pump has been given and the experiment result analysis has been included in the paper.

• 소음진동
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.401-409
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• 2001

Passive type mufflers installed on every car haute inherent problem of lowering engine power and fuel efficiency caused by backpressure which is byproduct of complex internal structure. Recent improvements like installing a calve to change exhaust gas path depending on power requirement and rpm have only marginally improved performance. Tremendous amount of recent research works on active exhaust noise control have failed to commercialize because of numerous physical and economical reasons. In this paper, a unique seal-active muffler using difference of transmission paths is presented. In this system exhaust pipe is divided into two and joined again downstream. Exhaust noise is reduced by destructive interference when two-divided noise join again with transmission paths'difference which is half of the wavelength of a main noise frequency. One divided path has a sliding mechanism to change length thereby transmission path length difference is adjusted to entwine rpm change. The proposed system has minimal backpressure and does not need a secondary sound source like a speaker so it can overcome many problems of failed active noise control methods. We have verified proposed system's superior performance by simulation and comparison experiment with passive mufflers.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2006년도 제27회 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.327-330
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• 2006

공동부 위에 설치된 슬롯판을 이용한 경사충격파와 난류 경계층의 간섭유동의 피동제어에 관한 수치적 연구가 수행되었다. 얻어진 수치결과는 피토압력/벽압력 분포와 쉴리렌 유동가시화 등 동일한 경계조건에서 수행된 실험결과와 비교되었으며, 두 결과가 서로 잘 일치하고 있음이 확인되었다. 또한 슬롯의 위치와 개수, 슬롯의 각도 등 슬롯판의 다양한 형상변화가 간섭유동에 미치는 영향이 추가로 관찰되었다. 이러한 슬롯의 형상변화가 간섭유동에 미치는 영향을 정량적으로 파악하기 위하여, 간섭유동 후방의 피토압력 및 전압 변화, 경계층 특성변화, 그리고 슬롯판을 통하여 공동부 내부로 유출입하는 질량유량의 변화 등이 관찰되었다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제34권9호
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• pp.851-857
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• 2010

작은 장치 스케일과 낮은 Reynolds number를 수반하는 마이크로 채널에서의 혼합효율 최대화를 위하여 사각형 장애물을 이용한 Passive 마이크로 믹서의 최적 설계를 수행하였다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 구조가 단순한 Y-Channel내부에 사각형 장애물의 개수와 그 크기, 그리고 위치를 변화시켜가면서 비정렬 해석 기법을 이용하여 해석을 수행하였다. 또한 최대 허용 압력 강하값을 제한 조건으로 설정하여 제한조건을 만족하면서 혼합 효율을 최대화하는 Y-Channel 형상의 최적화를 수행하였다. 이를 통하여 2개의 사각형 장애물을 사용할 경우 원형 장애물의 결과와 비교했을 때 최대 2.5% 혼합 효율이 향상됨을 확인하였다.

• 유체기계공업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 유체기계공업학회 2004년도 유체기계 연구개발 발표회 논문집
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• pp.635-640
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• 2004

The present paper provides the design specifications and working principle of flow controlling vortex valve which will be adopted in a Korean next generation reactor (APR1400). The vortex valve is installed inside the pressurized safety injection tank of APR1400, and it passively controls the water discharge flowrate from the tank. In the present study, the performance of the vortex valve have been evaluated throughout the repeated experiments in the full-scale test facility called VAPER(VAlve Performance Evaluation Rig). Based on the experimental results, it is confirmed that the currently developed vortex valve satisfies the major performance requirements of APR1400 plant design in view of the peak discharge flowrate, pressure loss coefficient, and total discharge duration time. To achieve the highest quality of the experimental results, a quality assurance program for vortex valve tests has been strictly applied.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.161-167
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• 1994

본 논문은 비상노심냉각계통을 필요로 하지 않는 압력관형 피동 수냉각로 개념을 제시한다. 여기서는 사고시 핵연료에서 생성되는 열을 감속재로 효과적으로 전달시키기 위해 금속 핵연료 매트릭스를 사용하는 핵연료 채널을 채택한다. 정상 운전시에는 보통의 냉각재가 핵연료를 냉각시키지만, 냉각재상실사고를 포함하여 정상적인 냉각계통의 작동이 이루어지지 않을 경우에는 피동 감속재냉각계통에 의해 핵연료가 냉각된다. 유한요소 코드를 이용한 해석 결과, 정상 상태 및 사고시 핵연료 온도를 허용 한도 이내로 유지할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제50권7호
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• pp.1079-1087
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• 2018

There are many parameters that affect the natural circulation flow, such as height difference, heating power size, pipe diameter, system pressure and inlet temperature and so on. In general analysis the heating power is often regarded as a uniform distribution. The ANSYS-CFX numerical analysis software was used to analyze the flow heat transfer of supercritical water under different heating power distribution conditions. The distribution types of uniform, power increasing, power decreasing and sine function are investigated. Through the analysis, it can be concluded that different power distribution has a great influence on the flow of natural circulation if the total power of heating is constant. It was found that the peak flow of supercritical water natural circulation is maximal when the distribution of heating power is monotonically decreasing, minimal when it is monotonically increasing, and moderate at uniform or the sine type of heating. The simulation results further reveal the supercritical water under different heat transfer conditions on its flow characteristics. It can provide certain theory reference and system design for passive residual heat removal system about supercritical water.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.531-543
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• 2021

Freezing and thawing of pore water within backfill can affect the stability of retaining wall as the phase change of pore water causes changes in the mechanical characteristics of backfill material. In this study, the effects of freezing and thawing on the mechanical performance of retaining wall with granular backfill were investigated for various temperature and groundwater level (GWL) conditions. The thermal and mechanical finite element analyses were performed by assigning the coefficient of lateral earth pressure according to phase change of soil for at-rest, active and passive stress states. For the at-rest condition, the mobilized lateral stress and overturning moment changed markedly during freezing and thawing. Active-state displacements for the thawed condition were larger than for the unfrozen condition whereas the effect of freezing and thawing was small for the passive condition. GWL affected significantly the lateral force and overturning moment (Mo) acting on the wall during freezing and thawing, indicating that the reduction of safety margin and wall collapse due to freezing and thawing can occur in sudden, unexpected patterns. The beneficial effect of an insulation layer between the retaining wall and the backfill in reducing the heat conduction from the wall face was also investigated and presented.