• 비교문화연구
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• 제47권
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• pp.217-240
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• 2017

본고는 피동 표현에서의 한국어 행위주 표지 '-에게(한테)', '-에, -로'와 중국어 피동 표지 '피(被)[$b{\grave{e}}i$]/양(?)[$r{\grave{a}}ng$]/규(叫)[$ji{\grave{a}}o$]/급(?)[$g{\check{e}}i$]'를 연구 대상으로 삼아 그 분포양상 및 특징을 살피고 이들 형태를 비교 대조를 통하여 그 대응 관계를 면밀히 고찰해 보고자 하였다. 대조 분석 시 두 언어의 유형적 특징, 피동 표현에서의 행위주, 피동주에 대한 선택 제약, 그리고 '받다'류 피동 표현에서 행위주(피동) 표지의 사용 제약과 같은 3가지 측면에 중점을 두었다. 본 대조 분석을 통해 확인한바, 한 중 피동 표현에서 한국어 행위주 표지 '-에게(한테)', '-에, -로'와 중국어 피동 표지 '피(被)/양(?)/규(叫)/급(?)'는 각각 행위주와 결합하여 부사어 역할을 하고 있는 공통점에도 불구하고 용법에 있어 차이점을 보였다. 먼저 두 언어 유형적 특징에 따라 피동 표현에서 행위주와의 결합 방식이 각각 달리 나타남을 확인하였다. 그리고 한국어 행위주 표지는 오로지 조사 역할을 하여 '행위주 유정성 유무'에 대한 제약만 받는 반면, 중국어 피동 표지 '피(被)/양(?)/규(叫)/급(?)'는 각각 문법화 정도에 따라 행위주 유무뿐만 아니라 피동주 유정성 유무 그리고 문장에 나타나는 어휘의 의미에 따른 제약 등을 보인다. 특히 한국어 '받다'류 피동 표현에서 한국어의 행위주 표지 '에게(한테), -에, -로'는 그대로 사용되지만 대응하는 중국어에서는 피동 표지 사용에 여러 제약이 있음을 확인하였다.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.71-75
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• 1997

This paper presents the development of videobased 3-dimensional tracking system. Measurement of human motion is important in the application of ertonomics. The system uses advanced direct video measurement technology. Passive retro-reflecting markers are attached to a subject and movements of markers are observed by two CCD cameras. Infrared light emitted near the CCD cameras is reflected by the markers and is detected by the cameras. The images are captured by Samsung MVB302 board and the centers of markers are calculated by DSP program. The positions of markers are transferred from MVB02 board to the computer through AT bus. The computer then tracks the position of each marker and saves the data. This system has dynamic accuracy with 0.7% average error and 4.2% maximum error, and the sampling rate to 6 .approx. 10 Hz, and this system can analyse the trajectory and speed of the marker. The results of this study can be used for operator's motion analysis, task analysis, and hand movement characteristic analysis.

• 대한인간공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한인간공학회 1996년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.160-165
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• 1996

This paper presents the development of video-based 3-dimensional tracking system. Measurement of human motion is important in the application of ergonomics. The system uses advanced direct video measurement technology. Passive retro-reflecting markers are attached to a subject and movements of markers are observed by two CCD cameras. Infrared light emitted near the CCD cameras is reflected by the markers and is detected by the cameras. The image ae captured by Samsung MVBO2 board and the center of markers is calculated by DSP program. The position of markers are transferred from MVB02 board to the computer through AT bus. The computer then tracks the position of each marker and saves the data. This system has dynamic accuracy with 1% error and the sampling rate to 6-10 Hz, and can analyse the trajectory and speed of the marker. The results of this study can be used for operators motion analysis, task analysis, and hand movement characteristic analysis.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.53-71
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• 2016

Unconventional computer vision and image processing techniques offer significant advantages for experimental applications to shaking table testing, as they allow the overcoming of most typical problems of traditional sensors, such as encumbrance, limitations in the number of devices, range restrictions and risk of damage of the instruments in case of specimen failure. In this study, a 3D motion optical system was applied to analyze shake table tests carried out, up to failure, on a natural-scale masonry structure retrofitted with steel reinforced grout (SRG). The system makes use of wireless passive spherical retro-reflecting markers positioned on several points of the specimen, whose spatial displacements are recorded by near-infrared digital cameras. Analyses in the time domain allowed the monitoring of the deformations of the wall and of crack development through a displacement data processing (DDP) procedure implemented ad hoc. Fundamental frequencies and modal shapes were calculated in the frequency domain through an integrated methodology of experimental/operational modal analysis (EMA/OMA) techniques with 3D finite element analysis (FEA). Meaningful information on the structural response (e.g., displacements, damage development, and dynamic properties) were obtained, profitably integrating the results from conventional measurements. Furthermore, the comparison between 3D motion system and traditional instruments (i.e., displacement transducers and accelerometers) permitted a mutual validation of both experimental data and measurement methods.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신학회 2022년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.587-588
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• 2022

본 논문에서는 다수의 모션 캡처 카메라의 2D 패시브마커 영상을 이용한 3차원 공간에서의 리지드 바디(Rigid Body) 추적 방법을 제안한다. 1차로 개별 카메라의 내부 변수를 구하기 위해 체스보드를 이용한 칼리브레이션 과정을 수행하고, 2차 보정 과정에서 3개의 마커가 있는 삼각형 구조물을 모든 카메라가 관찰 가능하도록 움직인 후 프레임별 누적된 데이터를 계산하여 카메라간의 상대적인 위치정보의 보정 및 업데이트를 진행한다. 이 후 각 카메라의 좌표계를 3D월드 좌표계로 변환하는 과정을 통해 3개 마커의 3차원 좌표를 복원하여 각 마커간 거리를 계산하여 실제 거리와의 차이를 비교한 결과 2mm 이내의 오차를 측정하였다.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.583-595
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• 2015

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the reliability of lower limb joint angles computed with the software ImageJ during jumping movements. Background: Kinematics is the study of bodies in motion without regard to the forces or torques that may produce the motion. The most common method for collecting motion data uses an imaging and motion-caption system to record the 2D or 3D coordinates of markers attached to a moving object, followed by manual or automatic digitizing software. Above all, passive optical motion capture systems (e.g. Vicon system) have been regarded as the gold standards for collecting motion data. On the other hand, ImageJ is used widely for an image analysis as free software, and can collect the 2D coordinates of markers. Although much research has been carried out into the utilizations of the ImageJ software, little is known about their reliability. Method: Seven healthy female students participated as the subject in this study. Seventeen reflective markers were attached on the right and left lower limbs to measure two and three-dimensional joint angular motions. Jump performance was recorded by ten-vicon camera systems (250Hz) and one digital video camera (240Hz). The joint angles of the ankle and knee joints were calculated using 2D (ImageJ) and 3D (Vicon-MX) motion data, respectively. Results: Pearson's correlation coefficients between the two methods were calculated, and significance tests were conducted (${\alpha}=1%$). Correlation coefficients between the two were over 0.98. In Vicon-MX and ImageJ, there is no systematic error by examination of the validity using the Bland-Altman method, and all data are in the 95% limits of agreement. Conclusion: In this study, correlation coefficients are generally high, and the regression line is near the identical line. Therefore, it is considered that motion analysis using ImageJ is a useful tool for evaluation of human movements in various research areas. Application: This result can be utilized as a practical tool to analyze human performance in various fields.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.123-128
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• 2012

방사선 노출은 해마 기능이상으로 인한 인지장애와 기억력 감퇴가 나타난다. 본 연구에서는 마우스에 방사선 노출(감마선 0.5 또는 2 Gy) 후 passive avoidance 및 object recognition test를 적용한 행동이상, apoptosis 측정 및 신경발생 관찰지표로서 Kiel 67 (Ki-67) 및 doublecortin (DCX)에 대한 면역염색 방법을 적용하여 diethyldithiocarbamate(DDC)의 학습기억 장애 경감효과를 관찰하였다. DDC는 방사선 조사 30분 전에 1회(체중 kg당 1,000 mg) 복강 내 주사하였다. Passive avoidance 및 object recognition test 결과, 정상대조군에 비해 방사선 단독조사군(2 Gy)에서 유의성 있는 학습기억 장애를 나타냈으며, 방사선 조사 후 12시간에 치아이랑 부위의 apoptosis 발생세포의 수가 증가하였고, Ki-67 및 DCX 양성세포의 수는 현저히 감소하였다. 방사선 노출 전 DDC 처리군에서는 유의성 있는 행동장애 완화, apoptosis 발생 감소가 관찰되었고, 평균치를 기준으로 Ki-67 및 DCX 양성세포의 수도 약간 증가하였다. DDC는 성숙마우스에서 방사선에 의한 해마 신경세포발생 및 학습기억 장애 개선효과가 있는 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.132-138
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• 2009

Previous studies suggest that even low-dose irradiation can lead to progressive cognitive decline and memory deficits, which implicates, in part, hippocampal dysfunction in both humans and experimental animals. In this study, whether red ginseng (RG) could attenuate memory impairment was investigated through a passive-avoidance and object recognition memory test, as well as the suppression of hippocampal neurogenesis, using the TUNEL assay and immunohistochemical detection with markers of neurogenesis (Ki-67 and doublecortin (DCX)) in adult mice treated with a relatively low-dose exposure to gamma radiation (0.5 or 2.0 Gy). RG was administered intraperitonially at a dosage of 50 mg/kg of body weight, at 36 and 12 h pre-irradiation and at 30 minutes post-irradiation, or orally at a dosage of 250 mg! kg of body weight/day for seven days before autopsy. In the passive-avoidance and object recognition memory test, the mice that were trained for one day after acute irradiation (2 Gy) showed significant memory deficits compared with the sham controls. The number of TUNEL-positive apoptotic nuclei in the dentate gyrus (DG) was increased 12 h after irradiation. In addition, the number of Ki-67- and DCX-positive cells was significantly decreased. RG treatment prior to irradiation attenuated the memory defect and blocked apoptotic death as well as a decrease in the Ki-67- and DCX-positive cells. RG may attenuate memory defect in a relatively low-dose exposure to radiation in adult mice, possibly by inhibiting the detrimental effect of irradiation on hippocampal neurogenesis.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국HCI학회 2009년도 학술대회
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• pp.62-67
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• 2009

기존의 증강현실 기반 상호작용 기법은 상호작용 주체의 원활한 추적을 위해 마커 기반의 패들이나 데이터 글러브 등의 부가적인 입력장치에 의존하거나 제한적인 3차원 입력만을 허용하는 경우가 많았다. 본 논문에서는 대상 개체 주변 공간의 물리적 점유를 감지하여 사용자의 입력을 해석하는 비접촉식 수동형 공간 상호작용 기법을 제안한다. 제안된 방법은 깊이 카메라로 구성한 증강현실 환경에 가상의 공간 센서를 배치하여 사용자의 입력을 공간적으로 해석한다. 그 결과, 부가적인 입력장치의 착용이 필요하지 않으며, 입력 형태에 대한 제약을 최소화하고, 증강된 영상 내의 상호작용 객체 간에 정확한 거리감을 제시한다. 향후 이러한 기법은 미니어쳐 AR 시스템과 같은 동적 콘텐츠 전시 플랫폼의 인터페이스에 적용될 것으로 기대된다.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.1-10
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• 1997

This paper is concerned with the development and evaluation of the camera calibration method for a real-time head tracking system. Tracking of head movements is important in the design of an eye-controlled human/computer interface and the area of virtual environment. We proposed a video-based head tracking system. A camera was mounted on the subject's head and it took the front view containing eight 3-dimensional reference points(passive retr0-reflecting markers) fixed at the known position(computer monitor). The reference points were captured by image processing board. These points were used to calculate the position (3-dimensional) and orientation of the camera. A suitable camera calibration method for providing accurate extrinsic camera parameters was proposed. The method has three steps. In the first step, the image center was calibrated using the method of varying focal length. In the second step, the focal length and the scale factor were calibrated from the Direct Linear Transformation (DLT) matrix obtained from the known position and orientation of the camera. In the third step, the position and orientation of the camera was calculated from the DLT matrix, using the calibrated intrinsic camera parameters. Experimental results showed that the average error of camera positions (3- dimensional) is about $0.53^{\circ}C$, the angular errors of camera orientations are less than $0.55^{\circ}C$and the data aquisition rate is about 10Hz. The results of this study can be applied to the tracking of head movements related to the eye-controlled human/computer interface and the virtual environment.