• Particle and aerosol research
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.161-168
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to determine the performance characteristics of the paint particulate and volatile organic compounds(VOCs) simultaneous removal from the spraying paint booth in the laboratory and real site by sticky paint particulate and VOCs simultaneous removal demonstration unit. The sticky paint particulate and VOCs simultaneous removal unit is composed of the horizontal type pleated filter modules and the zig-zag type granular activated carbon packing modules. The test conditions at the laboratory are $50.15g/m^3$ of average paint aerosol concentration and 300 ppm of VOCs concentration which were same as the working conditions of spraying paint booth in the real site. But, the demonstration conditions at the real site are varied according to the working condition of spraying paint booth for the kind of passenger car bodies. The test results at the laboratory obtained that 99% of total particulate collection efficiency at 0.62 m/min of filtration velocity and 84% at 1.77 m/min of filtration velocity. The VOCs removal efficiencies are 97% at $3500hr^{-1}$ of gas hour space velocity and 59% at $10,000hr^{-1}$ of gas hour space velocity. In the real site test, the average removal efficiency of PM10 was measured to be 99.65%, the average removal efficiency of PM2.5 was 99.38%, the average removal efficiency of PM1 was 98.52%, and the average removal efficiency of VOCs was 89%.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.401-410
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• 2017

This study analyzed the changes in the concentrations of organic matters in constructed treatment wetlands, coming from discharge water from a sewage treatment plant and non-point pollutant sources during rainfall events. At the beginning of a rainfall event, a massive amount of particulate organic matter flowed in, and was removed from the sedimentation basin (S1, S2); dissolved organic matter was removed after passing through stepwise treatment processes in the wetland. During dry period in the wetland, the removal efficiency rate for COD and TOC was -21 and -7%, respectively; during the rainfall event, the removal efficiency rate for COD and TOC were 47 and 43%, respectively. The highly-concentrated organic matters that flowd in at the beginning of the rainfall event was stabilized by various structures in the wetland before water discharge. Cyanobacteria blooms annually at the confluence of the So-ok stream and Daecheong Lake. Therefore, it is expected that the wetland will contribute significantly to reducing cyanobacteria and improving water quality in the area.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.20-26
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• 2010

Water soluble organic and inorganic species are important components in atmospheric aerosol particles and may act as cloud condensation nuclei to indirectly affect the climate. To characterize organic and elemental carbon(OC and EC), water-soluble organic carbon(WSOC) and inorganic ionic species contents, daily $PM_{2.5}$ measurements were made during the wintertime at an urban site of Gwangju. Average concentrations of WSOC, $NO_3^-$, $SO_4^{2-}$ and $NH_4^+$, which are major components in the water-soluble fraction in PM2.5, are 2.11, 5.73, 3.51 and $3.31{\mu}g/m^3$, respectively, representing 12.0(2.9~23.9%), 21.0(12.9~37.6%), 11.6(2.5~25.9%) and 11.7%(3.8~18.6%) of the $PM_{2.5}$, respectively. Abundance of water soluble organic compounds ranged from 5.4 to 35.9% of total water soluble organic and inorganic components with a mean of 17.6%. Even though the sampling was performed during the winter, the average contributions of secondary OC and WSOC, as deduced from primary OC/EC(or WSOC/EC) ratio, were relatively high, accounting for 17.9%(0~44.4%) of the total OC and 11.2%(0.0~51.4%) of the total WSOC, respectively. During the sampling period, low $SO_4^{2-}/(SO_4^{2-}+SO_2$) ratio of 0.14(0.03~0.32) and relative humidity condition in the winter time suggest an possibility of impact of long-range transport and/or aqueous transformation processes such as metal catalyzed oxidation of sulfur, in-cloud processes, etc.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.345-355
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• 2015

Carbonaceous compounds in the atmospheric particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of less than or equal to a nominal $10{\mu}m$ ($PM_{10}$) were analyzed for the samples collected during the period of August 2006 to August 2007 at Jongro in Seoul. A total 18 dicarboxylic acids (DCAs) and levoglucosan, as well as organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), and water soluble organic carbon (WSOC), were analyzed. Distinctive seasonal patterns of the concentrations of OC, EC, and WSOC including levoglucosan were observed with the highest concentrations in winter and the lowest concentrations in summer. In addition, OC, WSOC, and most of DCAs showed also higher concentration in summer than in winter. Using the seasonal patterns and relevant indicative ratios (WSOC/EC and $OC_{sec}/OC_{tot}$) of the carbonaceous compounds, it was verified that (1) primary emission sources were elevated in winter, and (2) the formation of secondary OC increased due to the prompted photochemical reaction in summer. Results from this study also suggest that some organic compounds were likely attributed to longrange transport.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.193-204
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• 2007

In order to find out the annual variations in the marine ecosystem of the East China Sea, temperature, salinity, nutrients, chlorophyll-a, suspended solids, and suspended particulate organic carbon were extensively investigated in the northern East China Sea during the Summer of 2003 and 2006. During the Summer of 2003, the northern East China Sea was not significantly affected by the input of fresh waters from the Changjiang River. During the Summer of 2006, however, fresh waters of the Changjiang River intruded into the western part of the study area where temperature, nitrate, and phosphate in the surface waters were higher than in the other areas, and salinity, silicate, and suspended solids in the surface waters were lower. As a result of the increase in nitrate and phosphate concentrations, concentrations of chlorophyll-a and suspended particulate organic carbon increased in the western part compared with the other areas. However, the depth-integrated chlorophyll-a concentrations measured during the Summer of 2003 were rather similar to those during the Summer of 2006, and not considerably different from those measured in the East China sea during the Summer of 1994 and 1998. Therefore, the depth-integrated chlorophyll-a concentrations have not significantly changed in the East China Sea over the last 12 years. The lower concentrations of silicate and suspended solids in the western part may be related to construction of the Three-Gorges Dam since the concentrations of silicate and suspended solids in fresh waters of the Changjiang River have significantly decreased after construction of the Three-Gorges Dam in June 2003.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.159-172
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• 2019

To investigate the influence of pollution events on the chemical composition and formation processes of aerosol particles, 24-h integrated size-segregated particulate matter (PM) was collected during the fall season at an urban site of Gwangju, Korea and was used to determine the concentrations of mass, water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) and ionic species. Furthermore, black carbon (BC) concentrations were observed with an aethalometer. The entire sampling period was classified into four periods, i.e., typical, pollution event I, pollution event II, and an Asian dust event. Stable meteorological conditions (e.g., low wind speed, high surface pressure, and high relative humidity) observed during the two pollution events led to accumulation of aerosol particles and increased formation of secondary organic and inorganic aerosol species, thus causing $PM_{2.5}$ increase. Furthermore, these stable conditions resulted in the predominant condensation or droplet mode size distributions of PM, WSOC, $NO_3{^-}$, and $SO{_4}^{2-}$. However, difference in the accumulation mode size distributions of secondary water-soluble species between pollution events I and II could be attributed to the difference in transport pathways of air masses from high-pollution regions and the formation processes for the secondary chemical species. The average absorption ${\AA}ngstr{\ddot{o}}m$ exponent ($AAE_{370-950}$) for 370-950 nm wavelengths > 1.0 indicates that the BC particles from traffic emissions were likely mixed with light absorbing brown carbon (BrC) from biomass burning (BB) emissions. It was found that light absorption by BrC in the near UV range was affected by both secondary organic aerosol and BB emissions. Overall, the pollution events observed during fall at the study site can be due to the synergy of unfavorable meteorological conditions, enhanced secondary formation, local emissions, and long-range transportation of air masses from upwind polluted areas.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.422-431
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• 2017

The biogeochemical information of riverine organic matter gives a detailed and integrated recording of natural and anthropogenic activity within a watershed. To investigate the changes in quality and quantity of organic carbon transporting from mountain to ocean via river channels, we estimated the concentrations of dissolved (DOC) and particulate organic carbon (POC), and then traced the source origin of POC using stable carbon isotopes ratio before and after summer rainfalls in the Tamjin River and Ganjin Bay, Korea. Along the small watershed, a total of 13 sites including headwaters, dam reservoir, river and estuary were established for the study. We found some interesting findings in the aspect of distribution of DOC/POC concentration changing their origin sources dynamically flowing downstream. In particular, the river channel transport downstream mainly DOC to river mouth, although upper dam reservoir increased POC concentration by phytoplankton production in summer. Whereas, in the river mouth and estuary, POC was dominated not only by local supply from nearby reed saltmarsh, but also by marine phytoplankton production, respectively. The findings can contribute to increasing the understanding of riverine organic carbon transport in upper large dam and lower open estuary system.

• 한국해양학회지
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.107-118
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• 1994

An investigation of the annual change and C:N:P ratio in particulate organic matter (POM) in Chinhae Bay, a semi-enclosed bay of the southern coast of Korean Peninsula, was carried out for a period of 12 months between January and December, 1993. The concentrations of POM have a broad range: 198∼4,416 ugC/l, 24∼792 ugN/l and 4.5∼69.0 ugP/l, Marked seasonal changes of POM, particularly particulate organic carbon (POC) and nitrogen (PON), were observed in the surface water. Generally, the concentration of POM peaks in summer. The C:N:P composition ratio of particulate organic matter, which is high in summer, also shows a seasonal change. The C:N assimilation ratio is constant at 6.53, which is consistent with the Redfield ratio. The significant linear relationship between POM and chlorophyll-a in the surface water during the survey period (except for January and February) and the C:N ratio suggest that the concentration of POM is controlled by phytoplankton biomass. POM peaks in summer, a period characterized by high freshwater input and the strong stratification, as a result of the intense proliferation of phytoplankton by a large amount of nutrient loading from the tributaries. On the other hand, the high C:P and N:P ratios in summer indicate that P is limited for phytoplankton growth owing to N-enrichment from a high input of freshwater with a high dissolved inorganic N:P ratio.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.23-29
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• 2008

It has been mentioned that CSTR (Completely Stirred Tank Reactor) and UASB (Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket) processes, the existing anaerobic processes, have problems in the treatment of highly concentrated particulate organic wastewater (HCPOW). Therefore, this paper discusses the treatment possibility of distillery wastewater which is a typical HCPOW using ADEPT (anaerobic Digestion Elutriated Phased Treatment) process. In the comparison of CSTR and ADEPT, ADEPT produced much higher gas than that of CSTR removing more organic matters and suspended solids in ADEPT process, ADEPT had no effect on the decrease in pH by volatile fatty acids and showed steady pH in spite of relatively short HRT. In the results of removal rate according to recycle ratios between 6Qin and 2Qin in ADEPT, 6Qin showed high removal rate during the operation time. Therefore it appears that ADEPT had an applicability for the treatment of distillery wastewater. ADEPT could be a economical process, due to the short HRT, the energy recovery by the methane production, and the utilization for carbon source of produced organic acid from the ADEPT-acid reactor.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.41-47
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• 2015

This study was carried out simulating domestic utilization conditions of a wood pellet stove and a wood pellet boiler in order to determine emission factors (EFs) of macro-pollutants, i.e., carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, ammonia, particulate matters (total suspended particulate, $PM_{10}$, $PM_{2.5}$, black carbon) and trace pollutants (i.e., ten different volatile organic compounds). The composite pollutants EFs for the pellet stove were: for TSP 4.58 g/kg, for $PM_{10}$ 3.35 g/kg, for $PM_{2.5}$ 2.48 g/kg, CO 119.23 g/kg, NO 14.40 g/kg, $SO_2$ 0.17 g/kg, TVOC 37.73 g/kg, $NH_3$ 0.02 g/kg and emissions were similar to the pellet boiler appliance: for TSP 4.73 g/kg, for $PM_{10}$ 3.41 g/kg, for $PM_{2.5}$ 2.63 g/kg, CO 161.51 g/kg, NO 13.67 g/kg, $SO_2$ 0.19 g/kg, TVOC 45.22 g/kg, $NH_3$ 0.02 g/kg.