• 천문학회지
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.589-592
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• 2004

We calculate the probability to form giant radio halos (${\~}$ 1 Mpc size) as a function of the mass of the host clusters by using a Statistical Magneto-Turbulent Model (Cassano & Brunetti, these proceedings). We show that the expectations of this model are in good agreement with the observations for viable values of the parameters. In particular, the abrupt increase of the probability to find radio halos in the more massive galaxy clusters ($M {\ge} 2{\times}10^{15} M_{\bigodot}$) can be well reproduced. We calculate the evolution with redshift of such a probability and find that giant radio halos can be powered by particle acceleration due to MHD turbulence up to z${\~}$0.5 in a ACDM cosmology. Finally, we calculate the expected Luminosity Functions of radio halos (RHLFs). At variance with previous studies, the shape of our RHLFs is characterized by the presence of a cut-off at low synchrotron powers which reflects the inefficiency of particle acceleration in the case of less massive galaxy clusters.

• 한국입자에어로졸학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.99-108
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• 2011

To establish area specific control strategies for the reduction of the ozone concentration, the Ozone Isopleth Plotting Package for Research(OZIPR) model has been widely used. However, the model results tend to changed by various input parameters such as the background concentration, emission amount of NOx and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and meteorological condition. Thus, sensitivity analysis should be required to ensure the reliability of the result. The OZIPR modeling results for five local government districts in the Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMA) in June 2000 were used for the sensitivity analysis. The sensitivity analysis result showed that the modeling result of the SMA being VOC-limited region be still valid for a wide range of input parameters' variation. The estimated ozone concentrations were positively related with the initial VOCs concentrations while were negatively related with the initial NOx concentrations. But, the degree of the variations at each local district was different suggesting area specific characteristics being also important. Among the five local governments, Suwon was chosen to identify other variance through the period from April to September in 2000. The monthly modeling results show different ozone values, but still showing the characteristics of VOCs-limited region. Limitations due to not considering long range transport and transfer from neighbor area, limitation of input data, error between observed data and estimated data are all discussed.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.97-108
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• 2020

The time-consuming and less objectivity are the main problems of conventional micromechanical parameters calibration method of Particle Flow Code simulations. Thus this study aims to address these two limitation of the conventional "trial-and-error" method. A new calibration method for the linear parallel bond model (CM-LPBM) is proposed. First, numerical simulations are conducted based on the results of the uniaxial compression tests on limestone. The macroscopic response of the numerical model agrees well with the results of the uniaxial compression tests. To reduce the number of the independent micromechanical parameters, numerical simulations are then carried out. Based on the results of the orthogonal experiments and the multi-factor variance analysis, main micromechanical parameters affecting the macro parameters of rocks are proposed. The macro-micro parameter functions are ultimately established using multiple linear regression, and the iteration correction formulas of the micromechanical parameters are obtained. To further verify the validity of the proposed method, a case study is carried out. The error between the macro mechanical response and the numerical results is less than 5%. Hence the calibration method, i.e., the CM-LPBM, is reliable for obtaining the micromechanical parameters quickly and accurately, providing reference for the calibration of micromechanical parameters.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.530-540
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• 2020

In order to solve the problem of low tracking accuracy caused by complex noise in the fault diagnosis of complex nonlinear system, a fault diagnosis method of high precision cost reference particle filter (CRPF) is proposed. By optimizing the low confidence particles to replace the resampling process, this paper improved the problem of sample impoverishment caused by the sample updating based on risk and cost of CRPF algorithm. This paper attempts to improve the accuracy of state estimation from the essential level of obtaining samples. Then, we study the correlation between the current observation value and the prior state. By adjusting the density variance of state transitions adaptively, the adaptive ability of the algorithm to the complex noises can be enhanced, which is expected to improve the accuracy of fault state tracking. Through the simulation analysis of a fuel unit fault diagnosis, the results show that the accuracy of the algorithm has been improved obviously under the background of complex noise.

• Advances in materials Research
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.1-18
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• 2024

The present experimental investigation focuses on finding optimal parametric data-set of laser micro-drilling operation with minimum taper and Heat-affected zone during laser micro-drilling of Carbon Nanotube/Epoxy-based composite materials. Experiments have been conducted as per Box-Behnken design (BBD) techniques considering cutting speed, lamp current, pulse frequency and air pressure as input process parameters. Then, the relationship between control parameters and output responses is developed using second-order nonlinear regression models. The analysis of variance test has also been performed to check the adequacy of the developed mathematical model. Using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and an Accelerated particle swarm optimization (APSO) technique, optimum process parameters are evaluated and compared. Moreover, confirmation tests are conducted with the optimal parameter settings obtained from RSM and APSO and improvement in performance parameter is noticed in each case. The optimal process parameter setting obtained from predictive RSM based APSO techniques are speed=150 (m/s), current=22 (amp), pulse frequency (3 kHz), Air pressure (1 kg/cm²) for Taper and speed=150 (m/s), current=22 (amp), pulse frequency (3 kHz), air pressure (3 kg/cm²) for HAZ. From the confirmatory experimental result, it is observed that the APSO metaheuristic algorithm performs efficiently for optimizing the responses during laser micro-drilling process of nanocomposites both in individual and multi-objective optimization.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.499-509
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• 2001

자연하천에서의 이송-확산 과정의 모의를 위하여 입자위치의 이산확률분포에 기초한 2차원 수송 모형을 개발하였다. 제안된 모형에서는 단위 시간간격동안 격자간의 질량이송을 예측하기 위하여 평균과 분산의 함수로 나타내어진 확률분포를 사용하였다. 개발된 모형은 유속, 확산계수, 단면적이 일정한 단순영역에 대하여 수치확산이 없는 해를 구하였고, 양의 확률을 만족시키는 안정조건이 성립한다면, 해석해와 다른 유한차분법과 비교하였을 때, 좋은 결과를 나타내었다. 본 모형의 현장적용성을 검토하기 위하여 캐나다에 위치한 Grand River를 대상을 얻은 수치실험 결과를 정상상태의 색소실험 결과와 비교하였다. 그 결과로서 본 모형은 자연하천에서의 2차원 이송-확산을 잘 모의할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 공업화학
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.59-64
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• 2012

potassium persulfate (KPS)와 sodium dodecyl sulfonate (SDS)를 각각 개시제와 안정제로 사용한 유화중합에 의하여 인공먼지로 사용할 수 있는 polystyrene latex spheres (PLS)를 제조하였다. PLS입자의 크기를 조절하기 위한 변수로 반응온도와 개시제 및 안정제의 농도가 선택되었다. 반응온도의 증가에 따라 입자의 크기는 작아졌으며, KPS와 SDS의 농도를 변화시켜 PLS 입자의 크기 및 분포를 매우 미세하게 조절할 수 있었다. 본 연구에서 제조된 PLS입자는 변동계수 (CV) 값이 7% 이하인 단분산이며, 0.1~0.5 ${\mu}m$ 범위에 있어 인조 먼지로 사용하기에 적합한 것으로 밝혀졌다.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.326-333
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of various zirconia surface treatment methods on shear bond strength with resin cements. Methods: We prepared 120 cylindrical zirconia specimens (⌀10 mm×10 mm) using computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM). Each specimen was randomly subjected to one of four surface treatment conditions: (1) no treatment (control), (2) airborne-particle abrasion with 50 ㎛ of Al2O3 (A50), (3) airborne-particle abrasion with 125 ㎛ of Al2O3 (A125), and (4) ZrO2 slurry (ZA). Using a polytetrafluoroethylene mold (⌀6 mm×3 mm), we applied three resin cements (Panavia F 2.0, Super-Bond C&B, and Variolink N) to each specimen. The shear bond strength tests were performed in a universal testing machine. The surfaces of representative specimens of each group were evaluated under scanning electron microscope. We used one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), two-way ANOVA, and post hoc Tukey honest significant difference test to analyze the data. Results: In the surface treatment method, the A50 group showed the highest bond strength, followed by A125, ZA, and control groups; however, no significant difference was observed between A50 and A125, A125 and ZA, and ZA and control (p>0.05). Among the resin cements, Super-Bond C&B showed the highest shear bond strength, followed by Panavia F 2.0 and Variolink N (p<0.05). Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, application of airborne-particle abrasion and ZrO2 slurry improved the shear bond strength of resin cement on zirconia.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.53-59
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• 2020

허베이 스피리트호 기름유출사고와 같은 해양 유류유출사고에서 잘못된 초기대응은 경제 손실뿐만 아니라 생태계에 큰 피해를 입힌다. 하지만 다양한 변수가 존재하는 해양에서 유출유의 움직임을 예측하는 것은 매우 힘든일이다. 이를 해결하기 위해서 뜰개 데이터를 활용해서 바다위의 부유물의 이동을 연구하는 기존 연구인 입자예측을 확장하여 면단위로 예측을 하는 유출유 예측 가시화를 진행하였다. 해양 데이터 포맷인 HDF5에서 특정 위치의 해류, 풍속 데이터를 양선형 보간법을 이용해 추출한 뒤, 수많은 점들의 이동을 입자예측하여 그 결과를 폴리곤 및 히트맵을 이용해 가시화 하였다. 또한 뜰개데이터의 문제점인 데이터 부족과 유출유와 움직임이 다른 점을 해결 하기 위해 유출유로부터 입자 데이터를 얻어낼 수 있는 유출유 입자 매칭 알고리즘을 제안한다. 유출유 입자 매칭 알고리즘은 면단위 유출유의 모습을 입자화 하여 입자의 움직임을 추적하는 알고리즘이다. 주성분 분석을 이용하여 문제를 분할하고, 유출유의 이동 거리의 분산이 최소화 되는 지점으로 유전알고리즘을 이용해 매칭하였다. 유출유 가시화 결과 데이터로 검증한 결과 주성분 분석과 유전알고리즘을 이용한 입자매칭 알고리즘이 가장 성능이 뛰어난 것을 확인할 수 있었으며, 평균 데이터 오차는 3.2%로 의미있는 연구임을 확인하였다.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.52-58
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• 1998

The spray characteristics of air-assisted fuel injection and its effects on the engine combustion was investigated in this study. The atomization characteristics of a Bosch fuel injector inserted into the air-assist adapter were measured using particle motion analysis system. Droplet size decreased with air supplied and fine spray with below $60\mu\textrm{m}$ of SMD was acquired under the conditions of air-assist pressure over 0.5bar. The lean combustion performance of a 1.8L DOHC engine equipped with air-assist adapters was tested on the dynamometer. When the assistant air pressure is 1.0bar, lean limit recorded the highest value, and CO, HC emissions were decreased at the pressure over 1.0bar.