• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.1-17
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• 2006

Purpose : The Purpose of this research was to investigate the effects of antithrombotic activities of Haenggyonghonghwatang (HGHHT). Methods : Measured the effect which was given to blood flow rate through the regular volume of glass tube after the blood was diluted five times with ACD soulution. Antithrombotic effect was calculated as a percentage of the experimental animal figure protected from the paralysis of hind legs or death of the mouse that is caused from the administration of platelet aggregation regent. Each of the groups consisted in 8 mice, was divided into Normal, Control, and HGHHT. All of these 3 group were supplied a saline solution and after an hour the control group brought the dextran extravasated blood. Also the HGHHT group was dosed to the experimental mice with Oral Zonde one day before the experiment. After that, the mice were abstained from food. And then we gave a measured amount of it before an hour. Finally, it gave rise to dextran extravasated blood as well as the Control group. Results : The results were obtained as follows. HGHHT inhibited platelet aggregation induced by ADP and epinephrine significantly as compared with the control group. HGHHT showed fibrinolytic activity insignificantly as compared with the control group. HGHHT increased blood flow rate significantly as compared with the control group in vitro, but insignificantly as compared with the control group in vivo. HGHHT inhibited pulmonary embolism induced by collagen and epinephrine(inhibitive rate 50%). HGHHT increased number of platelet, fibrinogen amount and shortened prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time significantly as compared with the control group in thrombus model induced by dextran. Conclusion : HGHHT is effective antithrombotic activity from experimental result.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.817-826
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• 2011

Concrete using eco-cement has a problem with long-term strength development. However, currently, a long-term strength development mechanism is not confirmed, resulting in a lack of application of eco-cement in construction fields. In this study, the curing humidity influence on development in long-term strength of concrete using eco-cement and the relationship between strength and pore structure were examined. The results showed that wet cured eco-cement with a high water/cement ratio showed serious long-term strength reduction due to non-reduction of pore volume (pore size over 10 nm) in mortar caste with eco-cement. Also, the study results on improvement of long-term strength of eco-cement by partial replacement with ordinary portland cement and finely-ground fly ash showed that both of these alternatives improved long-term strength of concrete caste with eco-cement due to gradual refinement of their micro-structure.

• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.31-37
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• 2008

Background and Objectives: In most cases of benign neck cysts, surgical excision has been considered as treatment of choice. However, sometimes complete excision is very difficult, and recurrences has been occured due to insufficient surgery frequently. In this point of view, non-surgical treatment has been attempted with sclerosing agents such as picibanil(OK-432). In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of picibanil sclerotherapy for benign neck cysts. Materials and methods: We retrospectively reviewed 53 patients(27 males, 26 females) who had undergone sclerotherapy with picibanil for benign neck cysts such as ranula, lymphangioma, thyroglossal duct cyst and branchial cyst. Information was gathered with respected to age, sex, number of injections, side effect and outcome of treatment. All patients were treated with intralesional aspiration of cystic contents and injection of picibanil, and followed on neck ultrasonography or neck CT. Results: 53 patients received sonoguided sclerotherapy using picibanil(OK-432). 31 patients(41.3%) showed total shrinkage, near total shrinkage(more than 90% of volume) in 7 patients(9.3%), marked shrinkage(more than 70%) in 5 patients(6.6%) and partial shrinkage(less than 70%) in 17 patients. 15 patients(20%) reaveled no response and 8 patients showed recurrences with repeated sclerotherapy. The side effects of therapy were observed by symptoms such as fever, localized pain and odynophagia. However, these complications disappeared after several days in all cases. Conclusions: We recognized that picibanil(OK-432) sclerotherapy for benign neck cyst is a safe and effective procedures as a primary treatment before considering surgery.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.163-173
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• 1998

Nuclear medicine emission computed tomography(ECT) can be very useful to diagnose early stage of neuronal diseases and to measure theraputic results objectively, if we can quantitate energy metabolism, blood flow, biochemical processes, or dopamine receptor and transporter using ECT. However, physical factors including attenuation, scatter, partial volume effect, noise, and reconstruction algorithm make it very difficult to quantitate independent of type of SPECT. In this study, we quantitated the effects of attenuation and scatter using brain SPECT and three-dimensional brain phantom with and without applying their correction methods. Dual energy window method was applied for scatter correction. The photopeak energy window and scatter energy window were set to 140ke${\pm}$10% and 119ke${\pm}$6% and 100% of scatter window data were subtracted from the photopeak window prior to reconstruction. The projection data were reconstructed using Butterworth filter with cutoff frequency of 0.95cycles/cm and order of 10. Attenuation correction was done by Chang's method with attenuation coefficients of 0.12/cm and 0.15/cm for the reconstruction data without scatter correction and with scatter correction, respectively. For quantitation, regions of interest (ROIs) were drawn on the three slices selected at the level of the basal ganglia. Without scatter correction, the ratios of ROI average values between basal ganglia and background with attenuation correction and without attenuation correction were 2.2 and 2.1, respectively. However, the ratios between basal ganglia and background were very similar for with and without attenuation correction. With scatter correction, the ratios of ROI average values between basal ganglia and background with attenuation correction and without attenuation correction were 2.69 and 2.64, respectively. These results indicate that the attenuation correction is necessary for the quantitation. When true ratios between basal ganglia and background were 6.58, 4.68, 1.86, the measured ratios with scatter and attenuation correction were 76%, 80%, 82% of their true ratios, respectively. The approximate 20% underestimation could be partially due to the effect of partial volume and reconstruction algorithm which we have not investigated in this study, and partially due to imperfect scatter and attenuation correction methods that we have applied in consideration of clinical applications.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.79-85
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• 1984

The ionic association constant(K) of 2,4,6, N-tetramethyl pyridinium iodide (TeMPI) in 95 volume percentage ethanol-water mixture were determined by a modified UV and conductance method at $25^{\circ}C$ to $50^{\circ}C$ under 1 to 2,000 bars. The K values increase with increasing pressure and have maximum value at $40^{\circ}C$. The partial molar volume hange (${\Delta}V$) has relatively small negative value and the absolute values of ${\Delta}$ are minimum at $40^{\circ}C$. The ion size parameter(a) of TeMPI have maximum value at $40^{\circ}C$. {\Delta}H^{\circ}$ values are zero, positive and negative at 40^{\circ}C$, $25^{\circ}C$ and $50^{\circ}C$ respectively. Other thermodynamic parameters such as the changes of standard entropy ({\Delta}S^{\circ}$) and free energy {\Delta}G^{\circ}$ were evaluated. From these experimental results, we came to conclusion that TeMPI is stabilized by the elevation of pressure and that of temperature below $40^{\circ}C$ but weakly dimerized at $40^{\circ}C$ because of the intermolecular hydrophobic interaction of eight methyl groups of two molecules. And it thermally decomposed above $50^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.137-145
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• 2000

Background: Hepatocellular carcinomal(HCC) has been considered to be relatively radioresistant. The role of radiotherapy(RT) in the treatment of HCC is controversial. But RT has a role in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma as a single or combination modalities. The effect of radiotherapy on HCC was evaluated. Patients and Methods: From January 1984 through January 2000, a total of 18 patients with unresectable HCC underwent radiotherapy alone or in conjunction with transarterial embolization(TAE). We reviewed the medical ecords of patients treated with RT and measured the tumor size using measured the tumor size using planimetry method. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate the survival rate. Results: The RT patients were 15 men and 3 women. The mean age was 51 years. four(22.2%) of them were accompanied with ascites. Eleven(61.1%) of them were accompanied with liver cirrhosis and their functions were 6, 3, 2 in each Child-Pugh A, B, C, respectively. A partial response(PR) was observed in 2 patients(11.1%), minimal response(MR) in 4 patients (22.2%) and no change(NC), in 11 patients(61.1%), whereas progressive disease(PD) was seen in 1 patients(6%), respectively. Conclusions: Although the radiotherapy in HCC did not improve the survival rate. it decreased the tmor size. Radiotherapy strengthens the therapeutic efficacy when combined with TAE, but more studies are needed.

• Journal of Korean Society of societal Security
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.59-67
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• 2008

The most influential facility causing traffic disaster on the urban road is intersection. Accordingly, this study elected a region for case study from seabang three-way junction, partial section of Dongmoon Ro in Kwang-Ju city, to the intersection of Mudeung Library Entrance. It is believed that the signal progression is very effective on the basis of short interval of intersection and massive traffic volume. The signal progression was simulated by using TRANSYT-7F model. The following is summary of the simulation: According to the change of cycle length, P.I. delay and fuel consumption showed the tendency of being increased in case that cycle length becomes long or short, centering around the best cycle length. In the event of progressing the cycle length, the average speed per vehicle is increased by 11.39Km per hour and P.I value is improved by 40.65% so that it resulted in 42.86% improvement in the total travel time. Moreover, the fuel consumption in line with the progression practice produced fuel saving of 31.04%.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.99-128
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• 2018

The cultivation area of rice as staple grains is decreasing in the domestic situation in Korea. Import volume of a duty in foreign rice is 409,000 tons for a year regardless increasing of production per unit area and decreasing of rice consumption. The total stock of rice is increasing cumulatively despite the effort for production mediation of rice. Therefore, maintenance of cultivation area and reduction of production are necessary for national foodstuffs security problems. Development of environment-friendly and low-carbon technology as alternative of global warming and aging of farm labor power is very important responsibility for descendants with creation of sustainable agriculture environment. As alternative for demand and supply stabilization of rice from all angles, first stage: extension of environment-friendly cultivation area as 17% Jeollanam-do level with maintenance of cultivation area under the present circumstances, second stage: extension of environment-friendly cultivation area as 25%, third stage: extension of environment-friendly cultivation area as 35%. From above mentioned scenario, reduction of rice production (60,000 tons), increases of production cost (59,200,000,000 Won), and reduction of income (201,500,000,000 Won) are estimated in first stage. Reduction of rice production (90,000 tons), increases of production cost (122,100,000,000 Won), and reduction of income (313,700,000,000 Won) are estimated in second stage. Reduction of rice production (380,000 tons), increases of production cost (222,000,000,000 Won), and reduction of income (464,500,000,000 Won) are estimated in third stage. From analysis results for partial tillage in transplanting cultivation complex (10ha), rice production is decreased 1.3~1.5 ton by complex. Production cost of rice is decreased and increases of income cultivation type. Gradual extension of environment-friendly agriculture and low-carbon partial tillage could be expected for environment maintenance of the territorial integrity, confidence of consumer, and high-efficiency of low-cost.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.351-360
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• 1995

Background: Pressure support(PS) is becomimg a widely accepted method of mechanical ventilation either for total unloading or for partial unloading of respiratory muscle. The aim of the study was to find out if PS exert different effects on respiratory mechanics in synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation(SIMV) and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) modes. Methods: 5, 10 and 15 cm $H_2O$ of PS were sequentially applied in 14 patients($69{\pm}12$ yrs, M:F=9:5) and respiratory rate (RR), tidal volume($V_T$), work of breathing(WOB), pressure time product(PTP), $P_{0.1}$, and $T_1/T_{TOT}$ were measured using the CP-100 pulmonary monitor(Bicore, USA) in SIMV and CPAP modes respectively. Results: 1) Common effects of PS on respiratory mechanics in both CPAP and SIMV modes As the level of PS was increased(0, 5, 10, 15 cm $H_2O$), $V_T$ was increased in CPAP mode($0.28{\pm}0.09$, $0.29{\pm}0.09$, $0.31{\pm}0.11$, $0.34{\pm}0.12\;L$, respectively, p=0.001), and also in SIMV mode($0.31{\pm}0.15$, $0.32{\pm}0.09$, $0.34{\pm}0.16$, $0.36{\pm}0.15\;L$, respectively, p=0.0215). WOB was decreased in CPAP mode($1.40{\pm}1.02$, $1.01{\pm}0.80$, $0.80{\pm}0.85$, $0.68{\pm}0.76$ joule/L, respectively, p=0.0001), and in SIMV mode($0.97{\pm}0.77$, $0.76{\pm}0.64$, $0.57{\pm}0.55$, $0.49{\pm}0.49$ joule/L, respectively, p=0.0001). PTP was also decreased in CPAP mode($300{\pm}216$, $217{\pm}165$, $179{\pm}187$, $122{\pm}114cm$ $H_2O{\cdot}sec/min$, respectively, p=0.0001), and in SIMV mode($218{\pm}181$, $178{\pm}157$, $130{\pm}147$, $108{\pm}129cm$ $H_2O{\cdot}sec/min$, respectively, p=0.0017). 2) Different effects of PS on respiratory mechanics in CP AP and SIMV modes By application of PS (0, 5, 10, 15 cm $H_2O$), RR was not changed in CPAP mode($27.9{\pm}6.7$, $30.0{\pm}6.6$, $26.1{\pm}9.1$, $27.5{\pm}5.7/min$, respectively, p=0.505), but it was decreased in SIMV mode ($27.4{\pm}5.1$, $27.8{\pm}6.5$, $27.6{\pm}6.2$, $25.1{\pm}5.4/min$, respectively, p=0.0001). $P_{0.1}$ was reduced in CPAP mode($6.2{\pm}3.5$, $4.8{\pm}2.8$, $4.8{\pm}3.8$, $3.9{\pm}2.5\;cm$ $H_2O$, respectively, p=0.0061), but not in SIMV mode($4.3{\pm}2.1$, $4.0{\pm}1.8$, $3.5{\pm}1.6$, $3.5{\pm}1.9\;cm$ $H_2O$, respectively, p=0.054). $T_1/T_{TOT}$ was decreased in CPAP mode($0.40{\pm}0.05$, $0.39{\pm}0.04$, $0.37{\pm}0.04$, $0.35{\pm}0.04$, respectively, p=0.0004), but not in SIMV mode($0.40{\pm}0.08$, $0.35{\pm}0.07$, $0.38{\pm}0.10$, $0.37{\pm}0.10$, respectively, p=0.287). 3) Comparison of respiratory mechanics between CPAP+PS and SIMV alone at same tidal volume. The tidal volume in CPAP+PS 10 cm $H_2O$ was comparable to that of SIMV alone. Under this condition, the RR($26.1{\pm}9.1$, $27.4{\pm}5.1/min$, respectively, p=0.516), WOB($0.80{\pm}0.85$, 0.97+0.77 joule/L, respectively, p=0.485), $P_{0.1}$($3.9{\pm}2.5$, $4.3{\pm}2.1\;cm$ $H_2O$, respectively, p=0.481) were not different between the two methods, but PTP($179{\pm}187$, $218{\pm}181 cmH_2O{\cdot}sec/min$, respectively, p=0.042) and $T_1/T_{TOT}$($0.37{\pm}0.04$, $0.40{\pm}0.08$, respectively, p=0.026) were significantly lower in CPAP+PS than in SIMV alone. Conclusion: PS up to 15 cm $H_2O$ increased tidal volume, decreased work of breathing and pressure time product in both SIMV and CPAP modes. PS decreased respiration rate in SIMV mode but not in CPAP mode, while it reduced central respiratory drive($P_{0.1}$) and shortened duty cycle ($T_1/T_{TOT}$) in CPAP mode but not in SIMV mode. By 10 em $H_2O$ of PS in CPAP mode, same tidal volume was obtained as in SIMV mode, and both methods were comparable in respect to RR, WOB, $P_{0.1}$, but CPAP+PS was superior in respect to the efficiency of the respiratory muscle work (PTP) and duty cycle($T_1/T_{TOT}$).

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.62 no.5
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• pp.432-436
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• 2007

Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare tumor that is difficult to clearly distinguish from an adenocarcinoma but usually has a poor prognosis. Numerous cytotoxic agents have been used in the primary treatment of MPM with limited success. A complete response is unusual and a partial response occurs in less than one-third of patients. Recently, a phase III trial showed that a combination of pemetrexed with cisplatin resulted in a significantly higher response rate and median survival time than with cisplatin alone. We encountered a case of a dramatic tumor response to pemetrexed/cisplatin combination chemotherapy in patients with MPM, which was resistant to the 1st-line gemcitabine/cisplatin therapy. After six cycles of pemetrexed/cisplatin combination chemotherapy, the tumor volume had decreased dramatically with complete symptom relief. There was no chemotherapy-related toxicity or scheduled violation. The patient is under maintenance chemotherapy with the same regimen.