• 제목/요약/키워드: part-time supervision

검색결과 20건 처리시간 0.029초

현대 패션에 나타난 의복구성의 부분 변형 (The Partial Transformation of Clothing Construction in Modern Fashion)

  • 김영란
    • 한국의상디자인학회지
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    • 제9권1호
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    • pp.103-122
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    • 2007
  • Fashion have been expressed by a face through various a period, social change, and various culture changing. Human expresses as "Transformation" by applying these needs of changing to the fashion. A origin tribe expressed its own self by using direct body transformation and extreme decorations in the past. However, human express creative and esthetic desire based on shape, material, and transformation method in the present time characteristics of the body. Exceptional transformation breaking a existing fixed idea appeared frequently due to dissolution through transformation which is positive expression method in the fashion from 20th century. As a results, followings are obtained in this study. First, human body transforms by using a tool or intermediation in investigation of aesthetic meaning for human body. The object, Transformation, is stably transformed by disintegration, distortion, exaggeration and simplification reduction, as design's sensitivity. Second, transformation from relation of clothing composition is expressed by extension, reduction, simplification, and dissolution. In transformation from original tribe's sensitivity, past decorative desire lead to transformation of human body. To give variable change from past to present fashion, external formative will is introduced. Then, extreme expression is made by direct transformation of clothing type. It seems to be accomplished that human body's expression method is continuously changed into extension, exaggeration, reduction, and dissolution from transformation method as described before. Transformation of modem fashion is expression method by creative supervision. Extreme transformation substituted body's each part is based on immanent play and representative satisfaction. Through these transformation, it is judged that variety of creative type is achieved.

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한국 재난관리체계의 문제점과 개선방향 (A Study on the Administration System for Disaster Relief in Korea)

  • 강병우
    • 한국응급구조학회지
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    • 제5권1호
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    • pp.133-145
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    • 2001
  • The scale of disasters is very large, also the influence of disasters is irreversible. Korean people has continuously learned how to deal with disaster management law. However, as time goes by after the many disaster, the concern with the disaster management by the people seems to become old and banal topic which nobody has interest in. If so, can it be said that our society is safe from the disaster? This study start from critical mind of asking this question. This study puts an emphasis on the problems such as following; To realize whole concept of disaster management provided in the basic civil defense law, the combined disaster management should be required to be established, the combined law should play a integral part for prevention for the disaster and should be a concrete basis of various laws for disaster management. Establishing a consolidated organization for disaster managing and united response organization is necessary. This consolidated organization is not temporary one such as civil disaster control headquarter but permanent one such as Disaster Management Office which controls an over all aspects of disaster management. Temporary organization should not be divided into natural calamity and man-made calamity but integrated one as a single control tower for all sorts of disasters. The police and army under fire fighting system should be reconsidered. It is necessary to make leadership system on the disaster place more substantial centered around present fire fighting system. To do so, more clear division of duty is required. The working condition should be improved so that all public servants in this agency can play their roles with pride and worth. The resource owned the existing administrative organization must be used by an appointment system. And to manage a large scale of disaster, it is necessary to have interorganizational network system which many specialized organization including volunteer group are integrated. And the natural disaster happen, many professionals and volunteers are distributed to the spots of disaster in the right man in the right place. Finally, citizen's consciousness about safety supervision needs to be recover.

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Quality monitoring of complex manufacturing systems on the basis of model driven approach

  • Castano, Fernando;Haber, Rodolfo E.;Mohammed, Wael M.;Nejman, Miroslaw;Villalonga, Alberto;Lastra, Jose L. Martinez
    • Smart Structures and Systems
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    • 제26권4호
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    • pp.495-506
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    • 2020
  • Monitoring of complex processes faces several challenges mainly due to the lack of relevant sensory information or insufficient elaborated decision-making strategies. These challenges motivate researchers to adopt complex data processing and analysis in order to improve the process representation. This paper presents the development and implementation of quality monitoring framework based on a model-driven approach using embedded artificial intelligence strategies. In this work, the strategies are applied to the supervision of a microfabrication process aiming at showing the great performance of the framework in a very complex system in the manufacturing sector. The procedure involves two methods for modelling a representative quality variable, such as surface roughness. Firstly, the hybrid incremental modelling strategy is applied. Secondly, a generalized fuzzy clustering c-means method is developed. Finally, a comparative study of the behavior of the two models for predicting a quality indicator, represented by surface roughness of manufactured components, is presented for specific manufacturing process. The manufactured part used in this study is a critical structural aerospace component. In addition, the validation and testing are performed at laboratory and industrial levels, demonstrating proper real-time operation for non-linear processes with relatively fast dynamics. The results of this study are very promising in terms of computational efficiency and transfer of knowledge to manufacturing industry.

Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of Elderly Fall Patients Visit to the Emergency Department: A Comparison by Gender

  • Kim, Jun Kew;Kim, Sun Pyo;Kim, Sun Hyu;Cho, Gyu Chong;Kim, Min Joung;Lee, Ji Sook;Han, Chul
    • Journal of Trauma and Injury
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    • 제31권3호
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    • pp.117-124
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    • 2018
  • Purpose: This study was to analyze clinical and epidemiological characteristics of elderly patients who were admitted to the emergency department (ED) due to falls by separating male and female. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the fall patients aged 65 years or older from the data of the in-depth surveillance study of injured patients visit to the ED under the supervision of the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC) from 2011 to 2016 by separating male and female. Results: A total of 361,588 elderly fall patients were analyzed and, among them, 14,429 (37.3%) were males and 24,208 (62.7%) were females. Male and female showed similar frequency of damage happening season. However, they showed falling accident mostly on winter. The time of injury occurrence is mostly from 12:00 to 18:00 with 4,949 (34.3%) male and 8,564 (35.4%) female. Most falls occurred in daily activities, accounting for 7,614 (52.8%) in males and 14,957 (61.8%) in females, respectively. Unintentional damage accounted for the most part and 7,395 (51.2%) of male and 15,343 (63.4%) of female were injured indoors. Head and neck were the most common site of injuring, with 8,392 (58.2%) in males and 7,851 (32.4%) in females. According to ED examination outcomes, most of the patients were discharged, while the majority of the hospitalized patients were admitted to the general patient room. Conclusions: The elderly falls occurred mostly from 12:00 to 18:00, during winter and to elderly women. Also, they happened unintentionally indoors in everyday life, mostly. Proved clinical, epidemiological characteristics from this research will be used as useful indicator at validity research of development of prevent program of falling accident for elderly people.

직영 및 위탁 사업체 급식소 영양사 직무 명세 특성 분석 (Analysis on job specification characteristics of dietitians in self - operated vs. contracted employee foodservice)

  • 양일선;차진아
    • 대한영양사협회학술지
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    • 제3권2호
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    • pp.141-158
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    • 1997
  • The purpose of this study were to investigate the job analysis questionnaire was mailed to 250 dietitians who are members of The Korean dietetic association practice group in self-operated foodservices(hereafter group A)and 250 dietitians who are employed in contracted foodservice companies(hereafter group B). Completed questionnaires were received from 285 dietitians(121 in self-operated, 164 in contracted) ; a response rate of 57%. Statistical data analysis was completed using the SAS/win packages for descriptive analysis, t-test, $x^2$-test, The results of this study can be summarized as follows. 1. The dietetic training or internship experiences were significantly different between the two sample group(p<.001), but the perceptions of needs for training or internship were not different between and they thought one to six month training would be needed for the job. 2. The question about the time needed in order to perform an expert job was answered significantly differently(p<.001) 3. Group A usually took part in obligatory continuing education and short-term training courses, and group B usually took part in obligatory continuing education and on-the-job trainings, respectively. However both group perceived all three types of educations would be needed for performing the job better. 4. As for the physical demands of the job, a certain degree of accuracy and dexterity for physical tasks and equipment operations was needed for the job. Concerning the mental demands, they answered that their job needs considerable creativity and judgement for planning and performing their tasks was needed. 5. As for responsibilities, group B's responsibilities were heavier than group A’s(p<.001) and need for confidentiality was also greater for group B than for group A(p<.001). 6. As for the supervising role differences, group A rarely received supervision from others and they were given directions only in essential situations, whereas group B was usually supervised when planning and performing their job and tasks, showing significant difference in positions between the two sample groups(p<.001). But each group supervised co-workers and employees in their department. 7. With regard to personal contact, both groups frequently contacted people in their department and other departments at the company and sometimes people outside the company. 8. Concerning the work environment, there were some risks and discomforts in the physical environment and there was no significant difference between the two sample groups.

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산업기술 유출방지를 위한 핵심인력 관리방안에 관한 연구 (The Plans for Core Personnel Management to Prevent Industrial Technology Leakage)

  • 김순석;신제철
    • 시큐리티연구
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    • 제25호
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    • pp.109-130
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    • 2010
  • 우리나라를 비롯한 각국이 경제정보전을 가속화하면서 국가역량을 총동원하고 있으며 이런 과정에서 산업기술 정보의 불법 유출이 급속하게 늘어나고 있다. 2007에서 2008년까지의 피해 예방액만 약 180조 원에 다다르며 앞으로 그 액수는 더욱 커질 것으로 본다. 이러한 핵심기술 유출수법도 개인에 의한 단순 절취에서 연구 활동 참여자 전원이 가담하는 등 조직화, 대형화되고 있기 때문에 기술을 개발하는 것 외에 기술을 지키는 것에도 관심과 역량을 집중할 시기이다. 이러한 고급두뇌들의 유출은 여러 가지 요인이 있을 수 있으나 일반적으로 자녀 교육 및 보수 등의 개인적 요인, 경력직으로서의 빠른 순환의 노동시장, 연구의 정치적 제약 등 개인 사회 정치 문화 등의 다양한 요인에 의해 발생할 수 있다. 따라서 이 연구를 통해 핵심인력 유출을 방지하기 위한 대책으로 각 기업체 및 연구소별 조직이나 업종의 목적과 이념에 핵심인력 관리시스템을 체계적으로 구축하여 핵심인재에 대해서는 차별화된 처우와 보장, 감독을 실시해야 하며, 핵심인력이 다시 돌아올 경우 인사 상 불이익을 주지 않고 외부 경험을 접목시키도록 배려하는 등 인사체제를 개방형으로 전환할 것을 제시하고있다. 또한, 국내외 대학에 업계 공동으로 연수를 보내는 등 상호간의 협력과 자사 교육 시설의 확보를 통한 핵심인력의 양성 및 교육이 필요하다. 아울러 핵심인력의 유출과 관련한 현안들은 각 기업체만의 문제가 아니며 외국에서도 국가적인 차원에서 핵심기술을 확보하기 위한 작업에 혈안이 되어 있는 만큼 기업체와 유관기관의 공조체제가 매우 필요하고 할 수 있다.

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Application of Gamma Ray Densitometry in Powder Metallurgy

  • Schileper, Georg
    • 한국분말야금학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국분말야금학회 2002년도 제3회 최신 분말제품 응용기술 Workshop
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    • pp.25-37
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    • 2002
  • The most important industrial application of gamma radiation in characterizing green compacts is the determination of the density. Examples are given where this method is applied in manufacturing technical components in powder metallurgy. The requirements imposed by modern quality management systems and operation by the workforce in industrial production are described. The accuracy of measurement achieved with this method is demonstrated and a comparison is given with other test methods to measure the density. The advantages and limitations of gamma ray densitometry are outlined. The gamma ray densitometer measures the attenuation of gamma radiation penetrating the test parts (Fig. 1). As the capability of compacts to absorb this type of radiation depends on their density, the attenuation of gamma radiation can serve as a measure of the density. The volume of the part being tested is defined by the size of the aperture screeniing out the radiation. It is a channel with the cross section of the aperture whose length is the height of the test part. The intensity of the radiation identified by the detector is the quantity used to determine the material density. Gamma ray densitometry can equally be performed on green compacts as well as on sintered components. Neither special preparation of test parts nor skilled personnel is required to perform the measurement; neither liquids nor other harmful substances are involved. When parts are exhibiting local density variations, which is normally the case in powder compaction, sectional densities can be determined in different parts of the sample without cutting it into pieces. The test is non-destructive, i.e. the parts can still be used after the measurement and do not have to be scrapped. The measurement is controlled by a special PC based software. All results are available for further processing by in-house quality documentation and supervision of measurements. Tool setting for multi-level components can be much improved by using this test method. When a densitometer is installed on the press shop floor, it can be operated by the tool setter himself. Then he can return to the press and immediately implement the corrections. Transfer of sample parts to the lab for density testing can be eliminated and results for the correction of tool settings are more readily available. This helps to reduce the time required for tool setting and clearly improves the productivity of powder presses. The range of materials where this method can be successfully applied covers almost the entire periodic system of the elements. It reaches from the light elements such as graphite via light metals (AI, Mg, Li, Ti) and their alloys, ceramics ($AI_20_3$, SiC, Si_3N_4, $Zr0_2$, ...), magnetic materials (hard and soft ferrites, AlNiCo, Nd-Fe-B, ...), metals including iron and alloy steels, Cu, Ni and Co based alloys to refractory and heavy metals (W, Mo, ...) as well as hardmetals. The gamma radiation required for the measurement is generated by radioactive sources which are produced by nuclear technology. These nuclear materials are safely encapsulated in stainless steel capsules so that no radioactive material can escape from the protective shielding container. The gamma ray densitometer is subject to the strict regulations for the use of radioactive materials. The radiation shield is so effective that there is no elevation of the natural radiation level outside the instrument. Personal dosimetry by the operating personnel is not required. Even in case of malfunction, loss of power and incorrect operation, the escape of gamma radiation from the instrument is positively prevented.

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제방 안전관리를 위한 Flex센서와 FBG센서의 적용성 검토 (Suitability Examination of Flex sensor and FBG Sensor for Levee Safety Management)

  • 이인제;이은태;강정훈;김동민;장기태
    • 한국수자원학회논문집
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    • 제41권11호
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    • pp.1135-1142
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    • 2008
  • 하천제방의 붕괴 요인중 구조물(배수통문) 주변 제방의 붕괴는 전체 요인의 l0% 이상을 차지하고 있으며, 특히 2002년 홍수시 낙동강에서 발생한 제방 유실 지점은 거의 배수통문 주위에서 발생하였다. 이러한 제방 파괴는 이질 재료인 통문 구조물과 제체 접합부 사이에 공극이나 공동이 형성된 후 홍수시 내부 침식으로 인해 공동이 확대되어 발생하는 파괴구조를 가지고 있다. 이러한 상황에서 하천제방의 안전관리를 위해 배수통문 주변의 공동발생 여부 혹은 공동내의 흐름 인지 등을 목적으로 한 연구가 진행되고 있으며, 본 연구에서는 Flex센서와 Fiber bragg grating 센서의 변이 계측에 대한 실험을 통해 두 센서의 특징을 파악하고, 하천제방의 안전관리를 위해 보다 적합한 센서의 결정이 가능하도록 하였다. 실험결과 현 시점에서 변이 계측과 관련하여 계측치의 일관성, 미소변이 계측 등 Flex센서의 단점을 보완할 수 있는 FBG센서의 여러 특징을 확인할 수 있었다.

학습자 참여를 유도하기 위한 얼굴인식 기반 지능형 e-Learning 시스템 (Intelligence e-Learning System Supporting Participation of Students based on Face Recognition)

  • 배경율;정진우;민승욱
    • 지능정보연구
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    • 제13권2호
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    • pp.43-53
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    • 2007
  • e-Learning 시스템은 원격지에 위치하여 학습자의 원격교육 및 멀티미디어 교육을 지원할 수 있는 차세대 교육 기술로 주목받고 있다. 그러나 학습자가 원격지에 위치하기 때문에 학습일탈 여부나 다수의 학습자에 대한 확인이 어려운 문제점을 안고 있어 이러한 문제점들에 대처하기 위하여 실시간 동영상 전달을 통한 학습자의 감시나 실시간 메시지 교환과 같은 대안들이 시도되고 있다. 반면에 이러한 대안들은 학습자의 인권 침해 소지와 다중 사용자의 영상 전달이라는 측면에서 시스템에 커다란 비용을 초래하게 되며, 수시로 전달되는 메시지는 학습의 효과를 반감시킬 수 있다. 따라서 학습자의 상태를 실시간으로 확인하는 동시에 시스템의 비용을 줄일 수 있는 방안으로 얼굴인식기술 기반의 지능형 시스템을 제안하고자 한다. 웹 상에서 이뤄지는 얼굴인식 기반 지능형 e-Learning 시스템은 학습자가 지속적으로 교육에 집중하는 동안 학습자의 얼굴을 이용해 학습일탈 여부를 확인하고, 확인된 학습자의 얼굴 영상은 중앙에서 학습자를 지도하는 교수에게 통보하게 된다. 본 시스템의 실험을 위하여 20명의 학습자와 1명의 교수가 각각 원격지에 위치한 PC를 사용하여 얼굴 등록 및 인식에 참여하였으며, 학습자의 일탈 방지 및 인식 성공을 위한 주의력 향상의 결과를 얻을 수 있었다.

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A Study on the Meaning and Strategy of Keyword Advertising Marketing

  • Park, Nam Goo
    • 유통과학연구
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    • 제8권3호
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    • pp.49-56
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    • 2010
  • At the initial stage of Internet advertising, banner advertising came into fashion. As the Internet developed into a central part of daily lives and the competition in the on-line advertising market was getting fierce, there was not enough space for banner advertising, which rushed to portal sites only. All these factors was responsible for an upsurge in advertising prices. Consequently, the high-cost and low-efficiency problems with banner advertising were raised, which led to an emergence of keyword advertising as a new type of Internet advertising to replace its predecessor. In the beginning of 2000s, when Internet advertising came to be activated, display advertisement including banner advertising dominated the Net. However, display advertising showed signs of gradual decline, and registered minus growth in the year 2009, whereas keyword advertising showed rapid growth and started to outdo display advertising as of the year 2005. Keyword advertising refers to the advertising technique that exposes relevant advertisements on the top of research sites when one searches for a keyword. Instead of exposing advertisements to unspecified individuals like banner advertising, keyword advertising, or targeted advertising technique, shows advertisements only when customers search for a desired keyword so that only highly prospective customers are given a chance to see them. In this context, it is also referred to as search advertising. It is regarded as more aggressive advertising with a high hit rate than previous advertising in that, instead of the seller discovering customers and running an advertisement for them like TV, radios or banner advertising, it exposes advertisements to visiting customers. Keyword advertising makes it possible for a company to seek publicity on line simply by making use of a single word and to achieve a maximum of efficiency at a minimum cost. The strong point of keyword advertising is that customers are allowed to directly contact the products in question through its more efficient advertising when compared to the advertisements of mass media such as TV and radio, etc. The weak point of keyword advertising is that a company should have its advertisement registered on each and every portal site and finds it hard to exercise substantial supervision over its advertisement, there being a possibility of its advertising expenses exceeding its profits. Keyword advertising severs as the most appropriate methods of advertising for the sales and publicity of small and medium enterprises which are in need of a maximum of advertising effect at a low advertising cost. At present, keyword advertising is divided into CPC advertising and CPM advertising. The former is known as the most efficient technique, which is also referred to as advertising based on the meter rate system; A company is supposed to pay for the number of clicks on a searched keyword which users have searched. This is representatively adopted by Overture, Google's Adwords, Naver's Clickchoice, and Daum's Clicks, etc. CPM advertising is dependent upon the flat rate payment system, making a company pay for its advertisement on the basis of the number of exposure, not on the basis of the number of clicks. This method fixes a price for advertisement on the basis of 1,000-time exposure, and is mainly adopted by Naver's Timechoice, Daum's Speciallink, and Nate's Speedup, etc, At present, the CPC method is most frequently adopted. The weak point of the CPC method is that advertising cost can rise through constant clicks from the same IP. If a company makes good use of strategies for maximizing the strong points of keyword advertising and complementing its weak points, it is highly likely to turn its visitors into prospective customers. Accordingly, an advertiser should make an analysis of customers' behavior and approach them in a variety of ways, trying hard to find out what they want. With this in mind, her or she has to put multiple keywords into use when running for ads. When he or she first runs an ad, he or she should first give priority to which keyword to select. The advertiser should consider how many individuals using a search engine will click the keyword in question and how much money he or she has to pay for the advertisement. As the popular keywords that the users of search engines are frequently using are expensive in terms of a unit cost per click, the advertisers without much money for advertising at the initial phrase should pay attention to detailed keywords suitable to their budget. Detailed keywords are also referred to as peripheral keywords or extension keywords, which can be called a combination of major keywords. Most keywords are in the form of texts. The biggest strong point of text-based advertising is that it looks like search results, causing little antipathy to it. But it fails to attract much attention because of the fact that most keyword advertising is in the form of texts. Image-embedded advertising is easy to notice due to images, but it is exposed on the lower part of a web page and regarded as an advertisement, which leads to a low click through rate. However, its strong point is that its prices are lower than those of text-based advertising. If a company owns a logo or a product that is easy enough for people to recognize, the company is well advised to make good use of image-embedded advertising so as to attract Internet users' attention. Advertisers should make an analysis of their logos and examine customers' responses based on the events of sites in question and the composition of products as a vehicle for monitoring their behavior in detail. Besides, keyword advertising allows them to analyze the advertising effects of exposed keywords through the analysis of logos. The logo analysis refers to a close analysis of the current situation of a site by making an analysis of information about visitors on the basis of the analysis of the number of visitors and page view, and that of cookie values. It is in the log files generated through each Web server that a user's IP, used pages, the time when he or she uses it, and cookie values are stored. The log files contain a huge amount of data. As it is almost impossible to make a direct analysis of these log files, one is supposed to make an analysis of them by using solutions for a log analysis. The generic information that can be extracted from tools for each logo analysis includes the number of viewing the total pages, the number of average page view per day, the number of basic page view, the number of page view per visit, the total number of hits, the number of average hits per day, the number of hits per visit, the number of visits, the number of average visits per day, the net number of visitors, average visitors per day, one-time visitors, visitors who have come more than twice, and average using hours, etc. These sites are deemed to be useful for utilizing data for the analysis of the situation and current status of rival companies as well as benchmarking. As keyword advertising exposes advertisements exclusively on search-result pages, competition among advertisers attempting to preoccupy popular keywords is very fierce. Some portal sites keep on giving priority to the existing advertisers, whereas others provide chances to purchase keywords in question to all the advertisers after the advertising contract is over. If an advertiser tries to rely on keywords sensitive to seasons and timeliness in case of sites providing priority to the established advertisers, he or she may as well make a purchase of a vacant place for advertising lest he or she should miss appropriate timing for advertising. However, Naver doesn't provide priority to the existing advertisers as far as all the keyword advertisements are concerned. In this case, one can preoccupy keywords if he or she enters into a contract after confirming the contract period for advertising. This study is designed to take a look at marketing for keyword advertising and to present effective strategies for keyword advertising marketing. At present, the Korean CPC advertising market is virtually monopolized by Overture. Its strong points are that Overture is based on the CPC charging model and that advertisements are registered on the top of the most representative portal sites in Korea. These advantages serve as the most appropriate medium for small and medium enterprises to use. However, the CPC method of Overture has its weak points, too. That is, the CPC method is not the only perfect advertising model among the search advertisements in the on-line market. So it is absolutely necessary that small and medium enterprises including independent shopping malls should complement the weaknesses of the CPC method and make good use of strategies for maximizing its strengths so as to increase their sales and to create a point of contact with customers.

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