• 복식
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• 제40권
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• pp.81-93
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• 1998

It is necessary to research shape of the breast of girls at adolescence for developing well-fit brassiers. 313 participants reside in Chonju and Kunsan were gathered for body measurement. The conclusion of this study can be summarized as follows. 1) The Analysis of Body Shape by Measurement. Comparing Age GroupⅠ(aged 10 to 12)' measurement with Age GroupⅡ(aged 13 to 15)', Each items has statistical significance. Two groups differed in the length, girth, depth, width items. 2) Factor Analysis of Body Measurement (1) Age GroupⅠ'characteristics were categorized Three Factor : Breast size and breast apex length. Breast volume, Length of the Breast part. (2) Age GroupⅡ' characteristics consist of four factors, which are named as breast size and its jut (first factor), breast volume (second factor), contour of breast profile & its jut (third factor), shoulder length (fourth factor). 3) Characteristics of Breast Shape. (1) Breast shapes of Age GroupⅠ are classified into three types. Types 1 is a protruded and more voluminous shape. Type 2 is the most voluminous and breast fatness is highest. Type 3 is the smallest and flat shape growing now. (2) Breast shapes of Age GroupⅡ are also classified into three types. Type 1 is the longest in length and middle in fatness, voluminous in size. Type 2 is the smallest in stature and the slimmest in fatness in breast shape. Type 3 is middle in length, the fattest and the most voluminous in breast.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제26권10호
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• pp.1443-1454
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• 2002

The purposes of this study were to classify body type of adult males into several kind of shape and to provide the characteristics of size of each group which has same shape. As the sample, subjects were 1290 males of 20 to 54 year-old. The procedure and results were follows; 1. As the result of the previous reserch, the front line of body was classified in X, H, Y and A types. 2. The principal component analysis was used to obtain the shape factor of the side line of the trunk. 9 factors in the side were extracted. As the result of the cluster analysis of factor scores, the side line of body was classified in 5 types. It was named X, A, Y and H type in the front and S, D1, d, I and D2 type in the side. 3. In order to consider the shape of body as a whole, the body shape of the front and side were compounded. The whole body shapes of adult male were very various, and 6 body shapes, XS, YS, Yd, YI, AD2 and HD1 were selected as the basic types. In each type of body, several groups were classified by size factor, height and chest girth and master size was selected considering appearance frequency.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.93-98
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• 2016

This study analyzed the inflow characteristics of debris flow according to shape of defensive structure and computed risk index. In order to simulate debris flow, two shapes of defensive structure were considered. Initial mass distribution was set with a rectangular shape and defensive structures were set semi-circular shape and rectangular shape, respectively. It was found that a defensive structure with semicircular shape was more vulnerable to debris impact compared with rectangular shape because the flow mass became concentrated in quadrant part of the inner circle. If the velocity of the debris flow was less than 1 m/s, the risk assessment by FII (Flood Intensity Index) was much appropriate. However, when the movement of debris runout was faster than 1 m/s, the risk index of FHR (Flood Hazard Rating) provided improved classification due to its subdivided hazardous range.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제27권11호
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• pp.1897-1906
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• 2003

A finite element analysis for near-net-shape forming of A16061 powder was performed under warm rubber isostatic pressing and warm die pressing. The advantages of warm compaction by rubber isostatic pressing were discussed to obtain a part with better density distributions. The shape of rubber mold was designed by determining a cavity shape that provides a desired shape of the final powder compact. To simulate densification and deformed shape of a powder compact during pressing, the elastoplastic constitutive equation based on yield function of Shima-Oyane was implemented into a finite element program(ABAQUS). The hyperelastic constitutive equation based on the Ogden strain energy Potential was employed to analyze nonlinear elastic response of rubber. Finite element results were compared with experimental data for Al6061 powder compacts under warm die pressing and warm isostatic pressing.

• 정보처리학회논문지B
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• 제10B권7호
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• pp.823-828
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• 2003

이 논문의 주요 목적은 내용을 기반으로 하는 이미지 검색에서 이미지 객체의 외형특징을 추출하는 방법을 제시하는 것이다. 대부분의 실질적인 객체들의 외형은 불규칙적이고, 이러한 객체를 수치화하기위한 일반적인 방법은 없다. 특히 전자 카타로그들은 상품들을 나타내는 많은 이미지를 포함하고 있다. 이 논문에서는 이미지 전체가 아닌 이미지내의 개별 객체들을 기반으로 특징을 추출하는 방법을 제시한다. 왜냐하면 제시된 방법은 한 이미지내에서 RLC lines을 사용하여 각 객체들의 외형을 기반으로하는 방법을 사용하기 때문이다. 실험결과는 일반적으로 가장 많이 사용하는 특징인 Texture와 비교를 했고 제시된 외형을 나타내는 변수들이 전자카타로그의 이미지 객체들을 뚜렷하게 나타냈고, 보다 정확하게 객체들을 분류하고 구별하였다.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.88-94
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• 2014

The under-drive brake piston is an essential part in the automatic transmissions of automobiles. This component is manufactured by forging after blanking from S55C plate with a thickness of 6mm. It is difficult to design the plate forging process using a thick plate approach since there will be limited material flow as well as large press loads. Furthermore, the under-drive brake piston has a complex shape with a right angle step, which often results in die unfill and abrupt increase in press load. To overcome these obstacles, a separate die for filling material sufficiently to the corner of the right angle step is proposed. However, this approach induces an uncontrolled workpiece surface between the dies, resulting in flash. This excess flash degrades the tool life in the final machining after cold forging as well as increases the cycle time to obtain the net-shape of the part. In the current study, we propose an optimum process design using a conventional die shaped with the benefit of finite element analysis. This approach enhanced the process efficiency without sacrificing the dimensional accuracy in the forged part. As the result, the optimum plate forging process was done with a two stage die, which reduces weight of by 6% compared with previous process for the under-drive brake piston.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2005년도 ICCAS
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• pp.2175-2178
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• 2005

Selective Laser Sintering(SLS) method is one of Rapid Prototyping(RP) technologies. It has been used to fabricate desirable part to sinter powder and stack the fabricated layer. Since the sintering process occurs using infrared laser having high thermal energy, shrinkage and curling of the fabricated part occurs according to thermal distribution. Therefore, the fast scanning path generation is necessary to eliminate the factors of quality deterioration. In case of fabricating larger size parts, the unique scanning device and scanning path generation should be considered. In this paper, the development of SLS machines being capable of large size fabrication(800${\times}$1000${\times}$800 mm, W${\times}$D${\times}$H) will be addressed. The dual laser system and the unique scanning device have been designed and built, which employ CO2 lasers and dynamic 3-axis scanners. The developed system allows scanning a larger planar surface with the desired laser spot size. Also, to generate the fast scanning paths, adaptive path generation is needed with respect to the shape of each layer, and not simply x, y scanning, but the scanning of arbitrary direction should be enabled. To evaluate the suggested method, the complex part will be used for the experiment fabrication.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제20권11호
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• pp.3387-3397
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• 1996

The Hub is an auto mobile component used as aircon clutch. The important aspects in cold forging of the Hub with complex geometry are the design of an initial shape of the workpiece, the possibility of the forming by one-stage operation and the determination of number of performs, etc. Based on the systematic procedure of process sequence design, in this paper, the forming operation of cold forged part of the Hub is designed by the rigid-plastic finite element method. The two design criterion of geometrical filling without defect and an even distribution of effective strain in final product are investigated in controlling the initial shape of the workpiece and preform configuration. It is noted that one preforming operation is required in order to obtain final product of the Hub.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 2006년도 제5회 박판성형 SYMPOSIUM
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• pp.49-54
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• 2006

During most of manufacturing processes of auto-body panels, the trimming line should be designed in advance prior to flanging. It is an important task to find a feasible trimming line to obtain a precise final part shape after flanging. This paper proposes a new fast method to find feasible trimming line based on one-step analysis. The basic idea of the one-step analysis is to seek for the nodal positions in the initial blank from the final part, and then the distribution of strain, stress and thickness in the final configuration can be calculated by comparing the nodal position in the initial blank sheet with the one of the final part. The one-step analysis method is able to predict the trimming line before flanging since the desired product shape after flanging can be defined from the final configuration and most of strain paths are simple during the flanging process. Finally, designers can obtain a discrete trimming line from the boundary of the developed meshes after one-step analysis and import it into CAD system in the early design stage. The proposed method has been successfully applied to two basic curve flanging processes demonstrating many advantages.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.21-46
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• 2011

The natural frequencies of continuous systems depend on the governing partial differential equation and can be numerically estimated using the finite element method. The accuracy and convergence of the finite element method depends on the choice of basis functions. A basis function will generally perform better if it is closely linked to the problem physics. The stiffness matrix is the same for either static or dynamic loading, hence the basis function can be chosen such that it satisfies the static part of the governing differential equation. However, in the case of a rotating beam, an exact closed form solution for the static part of the governing differential equation is not known. In this paper, we try to find an approximate solution for the static part of the governing differential equation for an uniform rotating beam. The error resulting from the approximation is minimized to generate relations between the constants assumed in the solution. This new function is used as a basis function which gives rise to shape functions which depend on position of the element in the beam, material, geometric properties and rotational speed of the beam. The results of finite element analysis with the new basis functions are verified with published literature for uniform and tapered rotating beams under different boundary conditions. Numerical results clearly show the advantage of the current approach at high rotation speeds with a reduction of 10 to 33% in the degrees of freedom required for convergence of the first five modes to four decimal places for an uniform rotating cantilever beam.