• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.263-266
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• 2000

An outbreak of vivax malaria has been occurring in northern part of Kyonggi-do and north-western part of Kangwon-do, where are located near the demilitarized Zone, since 1993. For understanding of epidemiological features of malaria, the probability of daily survival of Anopheles sinensis, the vector species of malaria was compared in malarious and non-malarious areas in July-August, 2000. Total 915 females collected at three locations in malarious areas were dissected for ovaries, and 64.6% of the parous rate was found. Total 758 females collected at three locations in non-malarious areas were dissected, and 57.8% of the parous rate was observed. It was estimated from the parous rates that the probability of daily survival of An. sinensis females was 0.864 in malarious areas and 0.850 in non-malarious areas, which was not significantly different.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.985-992
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• 2021

Objective: Artificial insemination plays an important role in genetic improvement in the goat farming system. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of cervical application of hyaluronan (HA) on the fertility in goats after cervical artificial insemination using frozen-thawed (F-T) semen. Methods: After oestrous synchronisation with progesterone sponges and pregnant mare serum gonadotropin injection, both nulli- and multi-parous goats, were randomly allocated to 2 groups, and were inseminated with 0.25 mL of F-T semen (150×106 spermatozoa) twice at 52 h and 56 h after sponge removal. Prior to the insemination, goats in Group 1 only were given topical cervical HA application at 48 h after sponge removal. Site of insemination was recorded as os-cervix or intra-cervix or intra-uterus. Pregnancy was tested ultrasonographically 42 days after insemination. The data on pregnancy rates and percentage of animals according to the site of semen deposition were compared by Chi-square analysis. Results: The overall pregnancy rate was significantly (p<0.004) higher in goats with prior application to the cervix with HA (63.3%) than without (36.0%). Same pattern was observed in the pregnancy rates of nulli- and multi-parous goats in both the groups. Percentage of nulliparous goats according to the site of insemination in the HA group did not differ between first and the second insemination. However, in multiparous goats the percentage of animals inseminated intra-cervically was significantly increased (p≤0.05) between the first and the second inseminations. Conclusion: The results suggest that significantly higher fertility rate in the "HA goats" compared to the "without HA" group was because of deeper insemination facilitated by topical cervical application of HA. The deeper insemination into the cervical canal increase the rate of fertilisation when the cervical artificial insemination is performed.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.97-108
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• 2003

체외수정된 한우 수정란을 PCR 기법에 의한 성감별을 위해 생검하여 회복시까지 1∼2시간 동안 배양하였다. 이 성감별된 한우 수정란을 2000년 2월부터 2001년 2월까지 한우 49두와 젖소 16두에 이식하였다. 수정란이 이식된 65두의 수란우중 14두(한두 12두, 젖소 2두)가 성감별 결과와 동일한 성의 산자를 생산하였고, 전체 수태율은 21.5%를 나타내었다. 1. 총 65두의 수란우중 웅성 수정란은 35두에 자성 수정란은 30두에 이식되었고 이중 분만된 산자 14두중 웅성은 6두, 자성은 8두였으며 PCR에 의한 성감별 정확도는 100.0%를 나타내었다. 2. 성감별된 한우 수정란은 한우와 젖소에 이식한 후 수태율은 각각 24.5, 12.5%를 나타내었다. 3. 성감별된 한우의 신선수정란과 동결-융해된 수정란의 이식후 수태율은 각각 23.5, 14.3%를 나타내었다. 4. 성감별된 한우 수정란의 이식 시기에 따른 수태율은 봄, 여름, 가을, 겨울에 각각 11.8, 29.4, 23.4, 20.0%를 나타내었다 5. 성감별된 한우 수정란의 상태에 따른 이식후 수태율은 excellent, good, fair군에서 각각 41.7, 30.0, 0.0%를 나타내었다. 6. 성감별된 한우 수정란의 이식시 수란우의 자궁각 두께에 따른 이식후 수태율은 0, +, ++, +++군에서 각각 71.4, 18.9, 11.8, 0.0%를 나타내었다. 7. 성감별된 한우 수정란이 주입된 수란우 자궁각 부위에 따른 이식후 수태율은 자궁각 선단부, 중심부, 미부에서 각각 30.0, 20.0, 10.0%를 나타내었다. 8. 성감별된 한우 수정란의 이식시 수란우의 황체의 상태에 따른 이식후 수태율은 excellent, good, poor군에서 각각 41.2, 14.3, 15.4%를 나타내었다. 9. 성감별된 한우 수정란을 straw에 장착후 이식시까지 10, 15, 20, 25, 30분 경과에 따른 이식후 수태율은 18.2, 30.0, 30.0, 0.0, 25.0%를 나타내었다. 10. 성감별된 한우 수정란의 이식시 수란우의 산차에 따른 이식후 수태율은 1산차, 2산차, 3산차, 4산차에서 각각 26.5, 19.1, 14.3, 0.0%를 나타내었다. 이상의 결과에서 성감별된 수정란의 이식시 양호한 수태율을 얻기 위해서는, 신선수정란이 동결수정란 보다 유리하다는 점과 생검후 수정란의 회복상태, 수란우의 자궁각 두께, 수정란의 수란우 자궁각 주입부위, 수란우의 황체 상태, 이식시까지 소요시간, 수란우의 산차를 고려해야 한다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.35-41
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• 2010

We investigated the seasonality of Anopheles mosquitoes, including its species composition, density, parity, and population densities of mosquitoes infected with the parasite in Ganghwa-do (Island), a vivax malaria endemic area in the Republic of Korea. Mosquitoes were collected periodically with a dry-ice-tent trap and a blacklight trap during the mosquito season (April-October) in 2008. Anopheles sinensis (94.9%) was the most abundant species collected, followed by Anopheles belenrae (3.8%), Anopheles pullus (1.2%), and Anopheles lesteri (0.1%). Hibernating Anopheles mosquitoes were also collected from December 2007 to March 2008. An. pullus (72.1%) was the most frequently collected, followed by An. sinensis (18.4%) and An. belenrae (9.5%). The composition of Anopheles species differed between the mosquito season and hibernation seasons. The parous rate fluctuated from 0% to 92.9%, and the highest rate was recorded on 10 September 2008. Sporozoite infections were detected by PCR in the head and thorax of female Anopheles mosquitoes. The annual sporozoite rate of mosquitoes was 0.11% (2 of 1,845 mosquitoes). The 2 mosquitoes that tested positive for sporozoites were An. sinensis. Malarial infections in anopheline mosquitoes from a population pool were also tried irrespective of the mosquito species. Nine of 2,331 pools of Anopheles mosquitoes were positive. From our study, it can be concluded that An. sinensis, which was the predominant vector species and confirmed as sporozoite-infected, plays an important role in malaria transmission in Ganghwa-do.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.185-192
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• 2001

To evaluate the factors that determine the transmission level of vivax malaria using vectorial capacity, entomological surveys were conducted from .lune to August, 2000. From 6 nights of human-bait collection in Paju, the human biting rate (ma) was counted as 87.5 bites/man/night. The parity of Anopheles sinensis from human baiting collections fluctuated from 41% to 71% (average 48.8%) of which the rate gradually increased as time passed on: 35.2% in Jun. ; 55.0% in July; 66.2% in Aug. From this proportion of parous, we could estimate the probability of daily survival rate of An. sinensis to be 0.79 assumed with 3 days gonotrophic cycle and the expectancy of infective life through 11 days could be defined as 0.073. Blood meal analysis was performed using ELISA to determine the blood meal source. Only 0.8% of blood meals were from human hosts. We could conclude that An. sinensis is highly zoophilic (cow 61.8%) Malaria is highly unstable (stability index < 0.5) in this area. From these data, vectorial capacity VC) was determined to be 0.081. In spite of a high human biting rate (ma), malaria transmission potential is very low due to a low human blood index. Therefore, we could conclude that malaria transmission by An. sinensis is resulted by high population density, not by high transmission potential. For this reason, we need more effort to decrease vector population and vector-human contact to eradicate malaria in Korea.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.105-114
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• 2017

본 연구는 유방암 환자를 출산력과 연령으로 그룹화한 후 비만에 따른 생존율과 무병생존율을 비교분석하여, 비만 여부가 유방암 환자의 예후와 어떤 관련성이 있는지 알아보고자 하였다. 본 연구의 조사대상은 2006년부터 2008년까지 3년 동안 서울 일개 종합병원에 유방암으로 내원한 4181명의 환자였으며 2015년 5월 30일까지 생존여부와 재발여부를 추적 조사한 후향적 코호트 연구이다. 연구결과 전체 환자에 대해 출산경험이 없는 환자군이 출산경험이 있는 환자군보다 생존율이 낮았고(p=.000), 나이가 40세 미만인 환자군이 40세 이상인 환자군보다 생존율(p=.003)과 무병생존율(p=.000)이 낮았으나, 비만 여부에 따른 생존율과 무병생존율의 차이는 없었다. 그러나 출산력이나 연령을 기준으로 대상자를 그룹화한 후 분석한 결과 비만이 생존율과 무병생존율에 영향을 미치는 하위집단이 확인되었다. 출산력을 기준으로 분류한 환자군에 대해, 출산력이 있는 환자군 내에서 비만 환자의 생존율(p=.001)이나 무병생존율(p=.005)이 비비만 환자보다 낮았다. 연령을 기준으로 분류한 환자군에 대해서도, 나이가 40세 이상인 환자군 내에서 비만 환자의 생존율(p=.005)이나 무병생존율(p=.014)이 비비만 환자보다 낮았다. 연구대상자를 출산력이 있으면서 동시에 연령이 40세 이상인 환자들로 한정한 환자군 내에서도 비만 환자의 생존율(p=.000)이나 무병생존율(p=.003)이 비비만 환자보다 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 유방암 환자 전체에 대해서는 비만이 생존율과 무병생존율에 영향을 미치지 않았으나 출산력과 연령을 기준으로 그룹화한 후 하위집단 내에서 비교했을 때는 비만과 예후와의 관련성을 확인할 수 있었다. 이는 기존 연구들에서 구체적으로 확인하기 힘들었던 내용이므로 비만이 예후에 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인된 유방암 환자 하위집단에 대해 적절한 간호중재 방안이 마련되어야겠다.

• 한국동물번식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국동물번식학회 2001년도 춘계학술발표대회
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• pp.73-73
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• 2001

This study was to examine whether the vitrified, one-step diluted and direct transferred Hanwoo IVM/IVF/IVC blastocysts can be successfully survived in vivo and they were succeeded into the live birth. For vitrification, blastocysts were serially exposed in glycerol (G) or/and ethylene glycol (EG) mixtures [10% (v/v) G for 5 min, 10% G plus 20% EG (v/v) for 5 min, and 25% G plus 25% EG (v/v) for 30 sect] which is diluted in 10% FBS added D-PBS. Thawing of straw was carried out in air for 10 sec and then in water bath of $25^{\circ}C$ for 20 sec. One-step dilution within the straw was done in water bath of $25^{\circ}C$ for 1 min. Vitrified and one-step diluted embryos were directly transferred into 36 (natural or hormone induced synchronized) recipient cows in 6 areas of Kyungsang Buk-Do. Pregnancies were confirmed at first when recipient cows did not return to the subsequent estrus cycle, and later by manual palpation per rectum on day 45, 90 and then living calves were derived into parturition. Overall pregnancy was 33.3%(12/36), However, higher pregnancy was obtained when the recipients exhibited estrus one day earlier than the age of transferred embryos (53.3 vs 25.0-27.3%), irrespective of synchronization methods. Also, parous recipients became pregnant higher than nulliparous heifers, And, there were not different in pregnancy rates by the aspect of corpus luteum (CL) quality of recipients (good, 29.4; fair, 37.5; poor, 33.3%). One hundred eight of frozen-thawed Hanwoo blastocysts were directly transferred into 36 recipient cows. In 12 of pregnant cows, 3 cows were aborted and 9 cows were calved [single, 66.7% (6/9): twin, 33.3% (3/9)]. Total embryo implantation rate was 11.1% (12/108). However, 9 Hanwoo calves were lived. Therefore, these results demonstrate that direct transfer technique of vitrified and one-step diluted bovine blastocysts can be applied easily and effectively with the higher pregnancy rate on field trial without the equipment and embryological skills.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권7호
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• pp.964-969
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• 2006

The efficacy of garlic extract and $PGF_2{\alpha}$ in the treatment of endometritis in cows was evaluated. A total of 26 parous cows affected with endometritis were randomly allocated into three groups. Group I (n = 10) animals were infused (IU) with 10 ml garlic extract mixed with 90 ml normal saline, three times at 12 h interval starting from the day of estrum, whereas the animals of Group II (n = 10) were treated with a single injection of $PGF_2{\alpha}$ (25 mg Lutalyse) on the $10^{th}$ to $12^{th}$ day after estrus, and group III (n = 6) remained as control. Cervico-vaginal mucus (CVM) was collected from each animal at pre- and post-treatment estrus and subjected to white side test, pH determination and total bacterial load. The clinical recovery of cows was assessed by negative white side test reaction, pH value and total bacterial count of CVM at subsequent estrus. The recovered animals were inseminated with frozen-thawed semen twice at 12 h intervals and pregnancy was confirmed at 45-60 days following insemination. A significant decline (p<0.05) in pH of CVM was observed in both the treatment groups at subsequent estrus. After treatment there was a significant (p<0.05) reduction in bacterial load, whereas, it was increased in control group. A total number of 65 isolates were identified in CVM samples comprising mostly of facultative anaerobic bacteria. Plasma $T_4$ and $T_3$ concentrations were increased in all the treated animals, whereas, a decline was observed in cortisol levels following treatment. The overall conception rate was 50% in treated groups as compared to nil pregnancy in the control.

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.18-22
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• 1967

The routine entomological investigations were carried out in the areas of Kaejeon-Myon, OkkuGun, Cholla Pukdo province in 1964 and Sinchang-Myon, Asan Gun, Chungchong Namdo province in 1965, for the better understanding of the behavior of the anpheline mosquitoes especially of the population density , resting , feedign, and breeding habits. The results are as follows : 1. During the investigation , three species of anopheline mosquitoes were recorded ; Anopheles sinensis Wiedmann 1825, A, sineroides Yamada 1935, and A. yatsushiroensis Miyazaki 1951. A . yatsushiroensis Myiyasaki 1951, so far only recorded in Japan, was recorded for the first time in Korea in 1964 ; the site was Kaejong Myon, Okku Gun, Cholla Pukdo province. 2. Anopheles mosquitoes begin to appear from the middle of April and disappear in October. The date of mosquitoes collected by resting place collection in cow shed are three weeks ahead to the night time cow biting collection. 3. Resting places of anopheline mosquitoes are mainly in cow shed and outdoors which provides high humidity and shadow. 4. The population density of a. sinensis sows a peak in late June and early July in cow shed and by cow biting collection respectively, and another small peak in late August and early September. 5, . the biting activity at night is throughout the night from dusk to dawn, sharply decreasing just before dawn. The peak period was different in each months, 2100-2200 hours in June, 2300-2400 in July , 0300-0400 in August , and 2300-2400 in September. 6. The minimum temperature required for the mosquito's biting activity is 15 $^{\circ}C$ and the optimum is between 24-$25^{\circ}C$ : over $25^{\circ}C$ the activity is decreased. 7.A , sinensis appeared to be zoophilic in Sinchang area but 13 times anthrophophilic in Kaejong area than the former. 8. the light attraction of a. sinensis is significantly low in middle June and early August. The parous rate of A. sinensis caught by cow biting collection appeared higher after midnight (2400-0300 hours) with no relation to the peak period of biting activity by month.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.475-478
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• 2005

This study was conducted to evaluate feeding value of berseem and lucerne silage as a replacement for conventional fodder (berseem fodder) in lactating Nili buffaloes. Fifteen early lactating multi-parous Nili buffaloes, five buffaloes in each group were allotted three experimental diets. Berseem and lucerne fodders were ensiled at 30% DM (wheat straw was used to adjust the DM of fodders) with molasses (at the rate of 2% of fodder DM) in two bunker silos for 30 days. The diets contained 75% DM from berseem fodder (BF), 75% DM from berseem silage (BS) and 75% DM from lucerne silage (LS). Each diet contained 25% concentrate DM. Diets were mixed daily and fed twice a day at ad libitum intakes. Dry matter intake (DMI) was significantly higher (13.8 kg/d) in buffaloes fed BF diet than those fed LS (12.5 kg/d) and BS (11.9 kg/day) diets. The differences in digestible DMI and DMI as percent body weight were significant between fodder and silage based diets but non-significant when BS and LS were compared. Lower DMI with silage-based diets was probably because of low silage pH. Intake of NDF (NDFI) was higher (5.68 kg/d) in buffaloes fed BF diet followed by those fed LS (5.50 kg/d) and BS (5.00 kg/d) diets. The difference was significant (p<0.05) across fodder and silage based diets but NDFI was non-significant across both silage-based diets. The apparent DM digestibility was significantly different (p<0.05) between fodder and silage-based diets but was non-significant between LS and BS diets. Four percent fat corrected milk yield was significantly different (p<0.05) between fodder and silage-based diets but was non-significant between LS and BS diets. Higher milk yield with fodder based diet was because of more digestible nutrient intake (Table 3) compared with silage based diets. Milk CP, TP and NPN and SNF did not show any treatment effects. The present results indicated that the berseem and lucerne fodder ensiled at 30% DM level with 2% molasses could safely replace (75% DM) the conventional leguminous fodder in the diets of lactating Nili buffaloes.