• Land and Housing Review
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.315-322
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• 2012

Recently multifaceted advantages of urban agriculture are emerging in civil society and related policy arena such as food safety, environment, and social welfare. This study tried an estimation of residents' willingness-to-pay for urban farming to examine feasibility of using part of urban green infrastructure as urban farm (e.g. allotment garden). A survey targeting Bundang and Dontan new-town residents was carried out and willingness-to-pay for urban farm rental was estimated by contingent valuation method (CVM). The estimated rent was cross-checked with the rental cost and travel cost paid by hobby farm users in the outskirt of metropolitan area. The result of this study showed that the potential demand for urban farming is ample if urban farms or allotment gardens are planned within new development areas. That is, 72.6 percent of new-town residents questioned had intention of using allotment garden within urban parks and green spaces. Estimated willingness-to-pay for renting a plot, $16.5m^2$ of urban farm, was about 236,000 won(KRW), which is higher than rent for a plot of allotment garden which is located out of city. Variables which were statistically significant to estimated willingness-to-pay for urban farming were sex, age, and occupation of respondents, among other explanatory socio-demographic variables, while expected frequency and duration of visit to urban farm were insignificant.

• World Technopolis Review
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.74-81
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• 2019

Cities will soon host two third of the population worldwide, and already today 80% of the world energy is used in the 20 largest cities. Urban areas create 80% of the greenhouse gas emission, so we should take care that urban areas are smart and sustainable as implementations have especially here the greatest impact. Smart Cities (SC) or Smart Sustainable Cities (SSC) are the actual concepts that describe methodologies how cities can handle the high density of citizens, efficiency of energy use, better quality of life indicators, high attractiveness for foreign investments, high attractiveness for people from abroad and many other critical improvements in a shifting environment. But if we talk about Entrepreneurship Ecosystem and Innovation, we do not see a lot of literature covering this topic within those SC/SSC concepts. It seems that 'Smart' implies that all is embedded, or isn't it properly covered as brick stone of SC/SSC concepts, as they are handled in another 'responsibility silo', meaning that the policy implementation of a Science and Technology Park (STP) is handled in another governing body than SC/SSC developments. If this is true, we will obviously miss a lot of synergy effects and economies of scale effects. Effects that we could have in case we stop the siloed approaches of STPs by following a more holistic concept of a Smart Sustainable City, covering also a continuous flow of innovation into the city, without necessarily always depend on large corporate SSC solutions. We try to argue that every SSC should integrate SP/STP concepts or better their features and services into their methodology. The very limited interconnectivity between these concepts within the governance models limits opportunities and performance in both systems. Redesigning the architecture of the governance models and accepting that we have to design a system-of-systems would support the possible technology flow for smart city technologies, it could support testbed functionalities and the public-private partnership approach with embedded business models. The challenge is of course in complex governance and integration, as we often face siloed approaches. But real SSC are smart as they are connecting all those unconnected siloes of stakeholders and technologies that are not yet interoperable. We should not necessarily follow anymore old greenfield approaches neither in SSCs nor in SP and STP concepts from the '80s that don't fit anymore, being replaced by holistic sustainability concepts that we have to implement in any new or revised SSC concepts. There are new demands for each SP/STP being in or close to an SC/SCC as they have a continuous demand for feeding the technology base and the application layer and should also act as testbeds. In our understanding, a big part of STP inputs and outputs are still needed, but in a revised and extended format. We know that most of the SC/STP studies claim the impact is still far from understood and often debated, therefore we must transform the concepts where SC/STPs are not own 'cities', but where they act as technology source and testbed for industry and new SSC business models, being part of the SC/STP concept and governance from the beginning.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.416-431
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• 2011

Hiking trails in Mt Jiri, and Mt Halla, National Park have been examined in terms of their degrading factors. The trails are deteriorated by natural erosion processes as well as human trampling. Trail deterioration is classified into tread lowering, sidewall retreat, path widening and divergence based upon a place where erosional processes occur. Tread lowering and sidewall retreat is generally produced by natural erosion factors, whereas path widening and divergence is generated by human trampling. Rainwash is the most contributing process to tread lowering. By contrast, several processes such as rainwash, needle ice action, deflation, tree falling and animal activity play a major role in sidewall retreat according to physical conditions of a hiking trail. Path widening and divergence could be classified by a factor producing human trampling. There are lots of cases related to rainwash such as the tree root, gravel, and bedrock, exposed by a surface flow lowering a tread and the riser produced by tread scouring. A puddle of rainwater on a flat tread and a fallen tree of Abies koreana in a forest region are also major factors to cause path widening and divergence. A paved tread with stones encourages a hiker to walk out of a trail. Taking a shortcut also results in path widening and divergence without a factor giving a hiker inconvenience on a trail.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.1-9
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to verify the effects of ventilation corridor and derive adequate policy alternatives to its application for the city of Sejong, which is located in an inland of Korean Peninsula. In order to introduce the ventilation corridor in the city, it is necessary both to understand change on fresh air flow affected by the construction of new cities and to show its effects which are able to circulate air flow of the city. The study identified ventilation effects using computational fluid dynamics models. In particular, it analyzed change on wind speed and direction after constructing of a new town and cool air flow along the lowlands generated after sunset. In addition, it identified those of reducing particulate matter when arranging buildings conforming to the ventilation corridor at block level. The policy implications derived from simulation can be summarized as follows. First, it is desirable to plan ventilation corridors so that fresh air from mountains, forests, and valleys can flow into cities and mitigate the concentration of particulate matter. Furthermore, public facilities covering parks, plazas, and playgrounds should be installed preferentially to attract safe outdoor activities near to areas with low levels of particulate matter. Finally, it is adequate to prepare for a number of alternative plans by analyzing ventilation corridors when setting out district unit plan.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.179-187
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• 2020

The study was conducted on Godeoksan, Gangdong-gu, Seoul, for the study of elderly people's park use and satisfaction. For the analysis, frequency analysis was performed on all items, and reliability analysis was performed to check the validity of the items. Factor analysis was used to identify items that have a significant effect on the customer's satisfaction. Multiple regression analysis was performed using the derived factors. As a result of factor analysis, it was found that the factors affecting satisfaction were composed of three factors and 69.50% of the total variance was explained. The KMO value, which means the sample fit between items, was analyzed as .756. Factors were classified into usage aspect, ecological aspect, and amenityt aspect by reflecting the characteristics of the item. As a result of the multiple regression analysis through the derived factors, the multiple regression equation for the elderly's park use satisfaction was analyzed to be Y = 3.678 + 0.202X₁ + 0.125X₂ + 0.236X₃. In this study, there are limitations in conducting a questionnaire survey for the elderly who lack professional knowledge. In the future, evaluation studies should be conducted for the elderly with specialized knowledge, and it is judged that a comparative study of ecological, utilization, and climatic aspects by age is necessary.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.137-147
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to analyze the perception factors of a pedestrian environment that affect pedestrian environment satisfaction(PES) and determine the relationship between PES and the expected effects of health promotion. The targeted areas of study are neighborhood parks in Suseong-gu, Daegu city. First, regarding the results for the evaluation of pedestrian environment perception, 'Gentle slope' was rated the highest, while factors regarding pedestrian safety such as 'Lots of unpleasant elements', 'Risk from biking and motorcycling' and 'Many obstacles on sidewalks' were rated low. A stepwise regression analysis showed that factors such as 'Fresh air', 'Beautiful scenery', 'Continuity of the sidewalks', 'Various attractions', 'The shade of trees' and 'Lots of unpleasant elements' influenced the PES. Therefore, creating fresh air and shade trees by planting trees and removing unpleasant elements from pedestrian areas are important. Also, it is necessary to cultivate beautiful scenery and attractions through street improvement and improve the continuity of the sidewalks. Finally, in terms of path analysis, PES influenced the frequency of park use, the expected effects of physical and mental health promotion both directly and indirectly.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.51-59
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to improve interaction with the construction subject by analyzing the contents and contents of users' involvement in landscaping works. For this purpose, this study selected the Gwanggyo Residential Land Development District Public Landscape Project in Suwon, Gyeonggi Province. For four years before and after the completion, the opinions of tenants were used as research data. Both qualitative and quantitative analyses of 412 complaints received by the project implementation office and local government were conducted. As a result, first, the main purpose of suggesting opinions was 'demanding and expressing complaints', and there were many 'parks' and 'rivers'. In terms of content, "quality" was the most pointed out, but many kinds of trees, such as tree planting, ecological river construction, and pavement construction were also mentioned. Second, the extraction of key words from content analysis was the most common method. Followed by 'additional foodstuff' and 'moving to the toilet and management building'. Much of the point of view about dead wood has continued to be conspicuous in the process of waiting to be dealt with at the time of transplanting. Third, the validity of the contents of the complaints was evaluated as a five - point scale. Therefore, the opinions raised were unreasonable, but overall, there were more complaints with certain objectivity.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.511-524
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• 2017

This study was carried out for the purpose of creating a restoration plan to improve the ecological quality of the Changwon and Nam streams. Based upon the results of comprehensive diagnostic assessment, restoration priority was given to the upstream reach, where conservation status is relatively superior. Restoration level was usually determined to practice active restoration as conservation, and the states of both Changwon and Nam streams were not so good. Restoration plans, by reach, were classified into "upstream", "midstream", and "downstream" were suggested in both terms of horizontal section frame and vegetation-based on the result of diagnostic assessment and the reference information. "Upstream", "mid-stream" and the "downstream" of Changwon and Nam streams were classified into "small-gravel- mountainous", "small-sand-plain", and "small-clay-plain streams" respectively (based on scale, and substrate and slope of river bed). The spatial arrangement of vegetation was laid out in diagram form by reflecting micro-topography and the water level of the horizontal section of river. Information regarding species composition was recommended as dominant species, which appear frequently in three vegetation zones composed of herbaceous plants, shrubs and trees and sub-tree- dominated zones divided by reflecting disturbance regime, depending on position on the horizontal section of river. Moreover, there have been prepared not only plans to improve the terrestrial ecosystems around the streams but also plans to create ecological networks, which can serve to improve the ecologic quality of the whole regional environment by serving to connect streams and terrestrial ecosystems, a process probably necessary and definitely recommended to realize true (genuine) restoration. Plans for ecological parks and networks were prepared by mimicking the species composition of Alnus japanica community, Zelkova serrata community, Carpinus laxiflora community, Quercus aliena community, and Q. serrata community.

• Bulletin of the Korean Space Science Society
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.42.3-43
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• 2009

Triplets of identical cubesats will be built to carry out the following scientific objectives: i) multi-observations of ionospheric ENA (Energetic Neutral Atom) imaging, ii) ionospheric signature of suprathermal electrons and ions associated with auroral acceleration as well as electron microbursts, and iii) complementary measurements of magnetic fields for particle data. Each satellite, a cubesat for ion, neutral, electron, and magnetic fields (CINEMA), is equipped with a suprathermal electron, ion, neutral (STEIN) instrument and a 3-axis magnetometer of magnetoresistive sensors. TRIO is developed by three institutes: i) two CINEMA by Kyung Hee University (KHU) under the WCU program, ii) one CINEMA by UC Berkeley under the NSF support, and iii) three magnetometers by Imperial College, respectively. Multi-spacecraft observations in the STEIN instruments will provide i) stereo ENA imaging with a wide angle in local times, which are sensitive to the evolution of ring current phase space distributions, ii) suprathermal electron measurements with narrow spacings, which reveal the differential signature of accelerated electrons driven by Alfven waves and/or double layer formation in the ionosphere between the acceleration region and the aurora, and iii) suprathermal ion precipitation when the storm-time ring current appears. In addition, multi-spacecraft magnetic field measurements in low earth orbits will allow the tracking of the phase fronts of ULF waves, FTEs, and quasi-periodic reconnection events between ground-based magnetometer data and upstream satellite data.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.41
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• pp.153-168
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• 2015

In Kyung-GI DO, An-sung, Each local autonomous entity developed the character design to inform the public relations and revitalize local economy and culture. consequently, These have got benefits with marketing local speciality related to their an-sung character; we call it name is arum, pung-mul, duck-bugi who korea traditional face characters. On the contrary, Most of old characters which have been fallen off their formative qualities became a reason that unfit (4D,3D) special film at local doom movie theater. This thesis aims to study on the character of 'namsadang' group what have been produced in ansung-si, that the show up to people about an-sung 4D Contents what local actually character and to make it more competitive through 3D,4D spacial character project developing process. It is need for new various characters, that (3D,4D-VFX) -Graphics of new an-sung'namsadang' group. that will be total different and new development. total VFX; 4-Dimantion visual graphics released in next an-sung local festival, Business prospects are bright and receiving benefits are increasing. As seen in the case of the character of in 2015, it can be a measure to earn benefits as a higher value-added business if it is managed in the local autonomous entities. In this thesis, I propose what the of character in the local special graphics; VFX style characters design. also I was show up to '4D contents character;' ; 'namsadang' group; creative processing including planing. It is possible to be ranged from special 4D series animation, a feature-length special effct cartoon film, character products, and even local doom Theme parks show up film. which are all expected high profits. These profits will be returned back to the an-sung local autonomous entity, who can use them to develop new contents, one of foundations in local economy. As a result, it is helpful to make local traits and effective tourist attractions.