• 국제초고층학회논문집
• /
• 제3권2호
• /
• pp.155-165
• /
• 2014

This study measured and compared the variation of ventilation rate and fan energy consumption according to various control strategies after installing wireless sensor-based pilot ventilation system in order to verify the applicability of demand-controlled ventilation (DCV) strategy that was efficient ventilation control strategy for underground parking lot. The underground parking lot pilot ventilation system controlled the ventilation rate by directly or indirectly tracking the traffic load in real-time after sensing data, using vehicle detection sensors and carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) sensor. The ventilation system has operated for 9 hours per a day. It responded real-time data every 10 minutes, providing ventilation rate in conformance with the input traffic load or contaminant level at that time. A ventilation rate of pilot ventilation system can be controlled at 8 levels. The reason is that a ventilation unit consists of 8 high-speed nozzle jet fans. This study proposed vehicle detection sensor based demand-controlled ventilation (VDS-DCV) strategy that would accurately trace direct traffic load and CO sensor based demand-controlled ventilation (CO-DCV) strategy that would indirectly estimate traffic load through the concentration of contaminants. In order to apply DCV strategy based on real-time traffic load, the minimum required ventilation rate per a single vehicle was applied. It was derived through the design ventilation rate and total parking capacity in the underground parking lot. This is because current ventilation standard established per unit floor area or unit volume of the space made it difficult to apply DCV strategy according to the real-time variation of traffic load. According to the results in this study, two DCV strategies in the underground parking lot are considered to be a good alternative approach that satisfies both energy saving and healthy indoor environment in comparison with the conventional control strategies.

• 대한교통학회지
• /
• 제30권6호
• /
• pp.13-26
• /
• 2012

본 연구는 정책대상자의 차고지증명제정책 순응에 영향을 미치는 요인을 파악하고, 그 요인들을 계획된 행동이론에 적용하여 영향력의 정도와 경로를 파악하기 위하여 구조방정식 모형 분석방법을 이용하여 차고지증명제정책 순응행동 모형을 구축하였다. 독립변수(태도, 주관적 규범, 지각된 행동통제력)는 매개변수(자기차고지 확보노력)에 정(+)의 영향을 미치지만, 매개변수(자기차고지 확보노력)는 종속변수(차고지증명제정책 순응행동 = 자기 차고지에 주차하는 행동)에는 유의한 영향을 미치지 않았다. 결국에는, 독립변수(태도, 주관적 규범, 지각된 행동통제력)는 종속변수(차고지증명제정책 순응행동 = 자기 차고지에 주차하는 행동)에 미치는 영향은 유의미하지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 지각된 행동통제력(단속조치와 처분강화)은 차고지증명제정책 순응행동(자기 차고지에 주차하는 행동)에 정(+)의 영향을 미치지만, 운전자의 과거행동(이면도로 주차, 무료 주차공간을 찾아서 배회)은 부(-)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국조경학회지
• /
• 제28권2호
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 2000

The purpose of this study is to examine influence of interior landscape in commercial spaces on the management benefit. In the course of this study, objects of survey were selected from interior landscaping specialist, manager and consumer who had experiences to visit to the hotel, bank, department store and restaurant. The main method of data collection was interview, questions and gathering materials. The cronbach's alphas program was used to measure the reliability of likert scales. The analysis program was applied a statistical methods. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: The factors considered by consumer who visits to the commercial space are design, interior landscape, traffic, parking capacity, cleanness, price, kindness of employee and event. Factors concerned with the product include branch size, traffic, parking capacity, kindness of employee. Factors concerned with facilities include branch size, traffic, parking capacity, kindness of employee. Major factors of those effects to management benefit are accessibility, time of stay, sales, efficiency of space, attractiveness and difference. In conclusion, overlap style gets the highest degree of satisfaction among total factors. Results of the survey show that factors which improve sales are overlap style and planter type. Among four commercial spaces, hotel is most effected by interior landscape. To enhance the sales of hotel, further study of interior landscape about hotel necessary. For bank and restaurant, further study of economic planter type and style is necessary. For department store, optimal use of spaces and case of maintenance are necessary.

• 환경영향평가
• /
• 제19권1호
• /
• pp.49-57
• /
• 2010

The objective of the research is to analyze changing trend of water discharge in precipitation, according to changing land use, through an environment-friendly urban development method called LID. The study chose S1 basin (Separated Sewer districts) in Cheongju region for survey. Among LID methods, relatively more applicable methods of green rooftop space and parking lot with permeable material were selected to construct plausible scenarios. Curve Number (CN) value was calculated due to land use patterns in each scenario, and SWMM model simulation were conducted during 2008 for comparative analysis. For Case 1, only parking lot with permeable material was applied to the scenario. Green rooftop space I and II were applied to Case 2 and 3 respectively. For Case 4 and 5, green rooftop space I and II were applied, in addition to parking lot with permeable material, Calculation of CN value showed that for S1 basin, the value was 88.1 (prior to scenario application), 86.5 (Case 1), 81.9 (Case 2), 68.5 (Case 3), 80.4 (Case 4) and 67.2 (Case 5). Changing pattern of rain water discharge was analyzed for each scenario. For Case 1, the change was not remarkable before and after application of scenario. In Case 2 and 4, the impact of rain water discharge as source of pollutant fell to 20~30%. The rate dropped to 30~50% in Case 3 and 5 respectively. The result demonstrates that the amount of rain water discharge, amount and frequency of sewer overflow, frequency of rain water discharge, and pollution load decreased in accordance with declining CN value in each scenario. In installing green rooftop space, the effect was twice greater when rain water discharge was directly infiltrated into soil.

• 농촌계획
• /
• 제22권4호
• /
• pp.37-47
• /
• 2016

The purpose of this study was to analyze the loss of open space of schools in Ulaanbaatar city and found out main causes of the conversion trend of open space to suggest alternatives. 76 designated sites were selected from 118 public schools within 6 districts of Ulaanbaatar city. These 76 schools were eligible for analysis of the open space change between 2005 and 2015 with Google Earth Pro. The results showed that $175,048m^2$ open space was developed and two dominant types of open space conversion were found; 1) constructions of school facilities such as soccer field, extended school buildings, parking lot, sidewalk, and square, and 2) constructions of apartment buildings and service facilities such as community center, pedestrian, sports facilities, and parking lot. Apartment complex development has commonly happened in all districts and caused bigger open space loss than other types of development. Chingeltei district is located in the center of Ulaanbaatar city, and schools in this district lost the biggest open space, $50,036m^2$/35.24% over 10 years. The rate of open space loss seemed to be related to the distance from the urban center and open space loss was an ongoing event in Ulaanbaatar city. This trend would not be improved without a strong regulation, so, in this study, making strict regulations that prevent conversions of open space were suggested to conserve open space in Ulaanbaatar city.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국철도학회 2004년도 추계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.1174-1179
• /
• 2004

In general, the national rail system put an emphasis on distribution planing of stations for smooth operation of transporting goods, train allocation, parking, and maintenance. Since the national rail system is operated on the ground level, it is feasible to improve various aspects of the system during its operation. On the contrary, urban rail system is operated in the limited space under the ground, and thus, improving various aspects of the system during its operation is infeasible. Specifically, the urban subway system must have a comprehensive track distribution plan because the urban subway system has to operate in a limited environment such as it operates in a much shorter time period, The subway system has to be ready for various operations and events such as trains returning in the opposite direction. parking trains that need repair, parking during night time, storing various maintenance equipments, and connections to other tracks. Furthermore, considering the future extension of tracks, a comprehensive track distribution plan is a must.

• 한국조경학회지
• /
• 제27권2호
• /
• pp.130-139
• /
• 1999

The survey site, the Hyundai Apartment Complex in the Bundang Model Complex, includes three housing layout types; super high-rise, high-rise and low-rise apartment buildings. The site includes artificial ground over underground parking lots. The overall objective of this study is to evaluate social and physical factors of housing environments in each types of layout. The data has been complied from residents of apartment through questionnaire. The questionnaire include elements of neighborhood, outdoor space, parking zones, and the overall complex design in each layout types. The predictors of outdoor space satisfaction in apartment housing complex are found as follows: "abundance of trees in quantity", "the role as front yards", "harmony of buildings with landscape", "the more distance between buildings" and "maintenance quality of site". Layout of super high-rise apartment site is most satisfied. Introduction of car-free deck space is favored by resident because of safty and quiet resting area. However the low quality of green and lack of shades on the artificial land are identified as problems.on the artificial land are identified as problems.

• 한국주거학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국주거학회 2011년도 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
• /
• pp.153-158
• /
• 2011

According to the change of life environment and economic growth, the more city has highly developed, the more concentrated urban function. That is, city is required for adding infra structure. But, both of limited land resources and financial problems made it impossible to add infra structure. So, the necessity of multi-dimensional planning of urban infra structure was recognized. Especially, In Urban residential area, in order to secure parking area, It is on the increase that mixed-use of the playground of school in the high density area and the empty space of park. School and park is closely connected with town community, playing a central role on town life. For this reason, they are highly demanded for providing space in the urban residential area and also expected to be effective. However, people using park and school are almost young students and the elderly, it needs to consider not only the parking convenience also the safety of users in design process. In this study, we analysed the physical characteristics and the utilization of mixed-use of school and park. and then evaluated the case in the point of convenience and safety. For this, first we selected the case among the sites constructed in seoul, and divided 2type of 'slope type' and 'flatland type'. The meaning of this study is to suggest elementary standards for design in the point of multi-dimensional land use planning.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
• /
• 제33권2호
• /
• pp.85-97
• /
• 2019

오늘날 인간의 삶의 질 향상과 다양한 욕구를 충족시키기 위한 건축물은 대형화, 고층화, 심층화, 복합화 되는 추세이며, 이에 따른 비정형화된 공간이 새롭게 창출되면서 성능위주설계대상도 증가하고 있다. 성능위주설계의 피난안전성 평가는 ASET과 RSET를 산정 비교하여 RSET이 ASET를 초과하지 않도록 하여야 한다. 그러나 지하 주차장과 같이 구획된 공간의 면적이 넓고 피난경로가 다양한 경우 현재 시행되고 있는 성능위주설계 평가 방법만으로 모든 피난경로에서 안전성을 확보하기 어려운 문제가 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 이러한 문제점을 극복하기 위해 현재 사용되고 있는 성능위주설계의 시뮬레이션 설정방법에 대해 먼저 고찰한 다음 지하 주차장을 대상으로 화재시뮬레이션 2가지와 피난시뮬레이션 3가지 경우를 각각 수행하여 6가지 경우에 대한 피난안전성 평가를 실시하고 비교 평가하여 문제점을 살펴보고 개선된 성능위주설계의 피난안전성 평가 방안을 제시한다.

• 한국국방경영분석학회지
• /
• 제30권1호
• /
• pp.92-106
• /
• 2004

This is a case study which establishes effective ammo issue plan and determines ammo support capability by linking various situations about ammo issue with wargame simulation. Ammo function simulation model has been developed for this matter and it has been proven that the model has significant impact on type of round, parking space for magazine, number of workers and capacity of equipment, etc. during establishing ammo issue plan and determining ammo supply capability. Also, ammo support capability varies significantly depending on tactical damage and MOPP status, etc. ASP's tactical situation, such as magazine damage, MOPP status, type of issuing round, parking space for magazine, number of workers and capacity of equipment, can be reflected when preparing an effective wartime ammo working hour issuing plan for supplying ammo to units through studies results, so that the issuing plan can be realistic and actual.