• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.34 no.10
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• pp.3-12
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• 2018

This research aims at analyzing the changes in residential environment after a residential environment improvement project focusing on the analysis into the physical environment of a residential environment improvement project, and examining in what direction the changes by residents' own efforts occurred after public support, such as infrastructure. The present residence development method has become different from the previous pulling down method and is focused on regeneration. By examining in what direction the target residence is being changed because of the development by residents' own efforts after the government's public investment at this time, this study also aims at investigating the direction to develop a guideline for residential improvement for later improvement of deteriorated residence. As for the contents of the analysis, changes in public support, such as infrastructure, and other areas after the residential environment improvement project were compared and analyzed from the land use, street system, and condition of buildings before the residential environment improvement project through field survey, geographic information system(GIS), registered land and building data and so on. The biggest change since the support from the government was that at the beginning of the project, the application of special provision of building laws and different financial supports led to lots of newly built buildings. Since then, their number has decreased rapidly, and in most cases, there have been some changes in part, such as changes in the use of land or repair of disposal tanks. Most newly built buildings were multi-household houses, and it has caused road capacity and parking lot capacity, etc., to be exceeded, which has worsened the pleasantness of the living environment. In addition, other problems have also appeared, for example, the lack of residence supporting facilities yet with a higher level of residential density. Regarding the changes in the residential environment after the residential environment improvement project, maintenance of houses were conducted in some degree as diverse alleviation policies to improve poor residence, yet the absence of the guideline for the direction of developing the whole district has made the residence environment more dense and deteriorated. To solve these problems, in advance to a residential improvement project, specific management methods based on short-, mid- and long-term plans for the direction of development by residents' own efforts and a sustainable guideline seem to be necessary.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.367-376
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• 2022

LID technologies are capable of mitigating the negative impacts of non-point source (NPS) pollution generated in different land uses. Apart from the increase in point and non-point pollutant generation, highly developed and paved areas generally affect microclimate conditions. This study evaluated both the efficiency of Low Impact Development (LID) facilities in treating NPS pollutant loads as well as the unit pollutant loads (UPL) generated in various urban features (such as parking lots and highways). This investigation also looked at how LID technology helped to alleviate Urban Heat Island (UHI) conditions. As compared to the typical unit pollutant loads in South Korea, the unit pollutant loads at Kongju National University were relatively low, because of no classes, limited vehicular transmission, and low anthropogenic activities during vacation. After receiving treatment from the LID facilities, the effluent pollutant loads were significantly decreased. The sedimentation in filtration mechanisms considerably reduced the pollutant fractions in the influent. Additionally, it was shown that LID facilities' mean surface temperatures are up to 7.2℃ lower than the nearby paved environment, demonstrating the LID systems reducing the UHI impact on an urban area.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.133-138
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to explore the methods to activate and functional changes of rural centers to improve residents' quality of life and secure sustainability in rural areas. The existing policy for activating rural centers lacks for placeness because walking-focused features of a Myeon seat have been changed due to the improvement of physical environment for easy car accessibility. They also wanted to solve abandoned houses and secure parking lots in the landscape plan. Based on analysis results, design guidelines were suggested. Long-stay tourism programs for outside visitors should be developed through the rural center activation project. They should be linked with projects for preserving the history of Byeongyeong Fortress and developing Hamel Village. Mountain trails and waterfront should be created to enhance accessibility and linkage methods with other resources should be prepared. As Byeongyeong-myeon has various tourism resources, design guidelines for each element should be made for a macroscopic direction and systematic landscape management.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.305-316
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• 2022

Hydrogen energy is emerging as an alternative to the depletion of fossil fuels and environmental problems, and the use of hydrogen vehicles is increasing in the automobile industry as well. However, since hydrogen has a wide flammability limit of 4 to 75%, there is a high concern about safety in case of a hydrogen car accident. In particular, in semi-enclosed spaces such as tunnels and underground parking lots, a fire or explosion accompanied by hydrogen leakage is highly likely to cause a major accident. Therefore, it is necessary to review hydrogen safety through analysis of flammability areas caused by hydrogen leakage. Therefore, in this study, the effect of the air velocity in the tunnel on the flammability area was investigated by analyzing the hydrogen concentration according to the hydrogen leakage conditions of hydrogen vehicles and the air velocity in the tunnel in a road tunnel with standard section. Hydrogen leakage conditions were set as one tank leaking and three tanks leaking through the TPRD at the same time and a condition in which a large crack occurred and leaked. And the air velocity in the tunnel were considered 0, 1, 2.5, and 4.0 m/s. As a result of the analysis of the flammability area, it is shown that when the air velocity of 1 m/s or more exists, it is reduced by up to 25% compared to the case of air velocity of 0 m/s. But there is little effect of reducing the flammability area according to the increase of the wind speed. In particular, when a large crack occurs and completely leaks in about 2.5 seconds, the flammability area slightly increases as the air velocity increases. It was found that in the case of downward ejection, hydrogen gas remains under the vehicle for a considerably long time.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.71-80
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• 2024

In this study, a proposed ensemble learning technique aims to enhance the semantic segmentation performance of images captured by Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). With the increasing use of UAVs in fields such as urban planning, there has been active development of techniques utilizing deep learning segmentation methods for land cover segmentation. The study suggests a method that utilizes prominent segmentation models, namely U-Net, DeepLabV3, and Fully Convolutional Network (FCN), to improve segmentation prediction performance. The proposed approach integrates training loss, validation accuracy, and class score of the three segmentation models to enhance overall prediction performance. The method was applied and evaluated on a land cover segmentation problem involving seven classes: buildings,roads, parking lots, fields, trees, empty spaces, and areas with unspecified labels, using images captured by UAVs. The performance of the ensemble model was evaluated by mean Intersection over Union (mIoU), and the results of comparing the proposed ensemble model with the three existing segmentation methods showed that mIoU performance was improved. Consequently, the study confirms that the proposed technique can enhance the performance of semantic segmentation models.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.74-85
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• 2020

Darangnon in Gachon Village, Namhae-gun, Gyeongsangnam-do, is the first designated environment among Korea's industrial-based historical and cultural sites and is still the only one that involves agricultural activities. Although the stonework, which is the infrastructure environment here, has limitations that inevitably lead to natural and artificial deformation due to its nature, there has been no research to consider the situation so far. As of the end of May 2020, this study investigated and analyzed the damage in the sub-area of the survey, which is approximately 30% of the scope of the designation of the scenic spot, from a quantitative and qualitative perspective. As a result of the study, the state of loss, which reveals the physical damage of the arctic rice paddy stone retaining wall in the environment under investigation, was particularly serious around the coast, in the northern area with high slopes, and near tourist information centers and parking lots. On the other hand, the qualitative aspect of the damage to the stonework was noticeable in the repair of heterogeneous materials on the stone retaining wall adjacent to the village and parking lot, and the landscape damage caused by the cladding of plants was found in an environment far away from the residence. In addition, natural environmental factors such as slopes, elevations, and soil showed a close relationship with the degree of physical damage of the stone retaining wall, the higher the slope, the higher the elevation, and the better the soil drainage, the greater the impact. These results suggest that humanities environmental factors such as cultivation activities and management entities have important factors in the physical damage and management of stone retaining wall. Therefore, it is deemed essential to find management measures with local residents along with improving the agricultural environment, such as securing agricultural water and soil improvement, for the preservation of tuna paddies and stone retaining wall in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.26-35
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• 2009

This study is an analysis of the design changes of children's play facilities and the related rules and regulations which causes these changes. Accordingly, it is noticed that a site's change of design by legislation and by yearly alternation influences playground design. First, after revising the provisions for the distance from roads and parking lots, the constructing of safety fences between play facilities and the using of durable materials, alterations of the designs have been made a reality. Second, the design changes after the period of regulation transitions were caused by provisions related to the shelter of evergreens and conditions of the sun. Third, the changes of the playgrounds were related to the substitution of exercise facilities for the local residents and in carrying out a hygiene exam more than twice a year. Because a lack of regulatory standards for the design of playgrounds resulted in compliance based on individual interpretation and because a substitution of exercise facilities is part of the way to alleviate these regulations, the conditions of the site under investigation could be projeced. By such changes of regulations and analysis of alterations of playground design, programs for improvement were suggested. It turned out that the composition of the concrete standard in conformity with regulations required closer observance. Moreover, design standards for children's playgrounds are needed, such as the provision of variation in external appearance, the creation of more flexible layouts and the outlining of spaces by themes.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.118-128
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to present efficient methods of preserving and managing the fish shelter forest in Mulgun-ri on the southern coast of Korea on the basis of its humanistic, sociological and ecological characteristics. The study object is Korean natural monument No. 150, which is presumed to have been forested by descendants of Jeonju Lee Family who settled there, and village rituals are held every October to pray for the peace of the village. The forest is managed by Namhae-gun as a historical and cultural resource as well as its disaster-preventing, economic, and environmental and ecological functions. The linear form of the area is $23,962.6m^2$ and farmland(48.5%) and urbanization area(38.2%) are extensively located in its periphery area. Actual vegetation was sub-classified into three types of land according to use pressure and whether or not damage was done: land where its stratification was formed; land where it was restored, and the land where it was damaged. Plant communities were sub-classified into Aphananthe aspera community(I) and Zelkova serrata community(II) which had a low use pressure; Z. serrata-Chionanthus retusa-A. aspera community(III) and A. aspera-Z. serrata community(IV) which had a high use pressure; and Celtis sinensis-A. aspera community(V) whose underlayer was damaged by use. Fragmentation of the forest is under way and its inside vegetation growth is hampered due to the installation of traffic and resting facilities such as the through roads costal roads, wooden-deck walkways, parking lots, washstands, etc. As a restoration management plan for this, the following were required: an establishment of preferred restoration area; a selection of restoration vegetation species; and an appropriate restoration method. The damaged area($7,868.2m^2$) will have to be set up as the preferred restoration area; seedlings of restored vegetation species should be raised with dominant species within the forest(i.e., Z. serrata, A. aspera, C. sinensis, and C. retusa) as their 'mother trees' for the benefit of for the next-generation forest; and sub-tree and shrub layer should be complementarily planted with 5 and 115 trees(unit $100m^2$) respectively to facilitate the formation of a multi-layered vegetation structure. In addition, resting facilities scattered inside the forest should be demolished; and indiscriminate use of them should be controlled; management and monitoring should be carried out so that the area can be preserved and restored as a deciduous broad-leaved forest.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.36-45
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• 2011

Public open space(Gong-Gae-Gong-Ji) is an important part of the open-space system in an urban environment. Though part of the private sector, it has a significant public function as there are as always open to the free use of every citizen for rest and amenities. A field survey of the public open space of 71 major buildings was carried out to investigate the actual state of public open spaces in the city of Daegu. As a result of this investigation, several point of issues were discussed. In distribution by 'Gu', newly-emerging sub-centers of Daegu-City, such as Bug-Gu and Dalseo-Gu as well as downtown area have many public open spaces. By the use type of buildings, retail buildings such as shopping centers and SSM account for36.6%, business buildings21.1%, and residential and commercial complexes 15.5%, respectively. Location wise, the front areas accounted for the greatest amount(42.9%) with 1 in side area(20%), and 2 in the front/side area(20%), respectively. Degree of division was 1 spot type(45.7%), 2 division type(35.7%). The misuse of public open space for private use, such as shopping and parking lots, was26.6%. On the basis and analysis of the actual status, 6 improvement devices for public open spaces were suggested: 1) The improvement of the legal regulative system, 2) the establishment of design guidelines and strengthening of deliberation, 3) administrative and financial support, 4) periodic supervision and guidance, 5) installment of signs that shows the space is open for use to every citizen, and 6) the participation of citizens in management of public open space.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.16-28
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• 2015

This study is suggested to enlarge the green area and to connect and improve the present green areas by deriving the lines of community greenway using living areas and community spaces close to the life of residence in Nam-gu. The purpose of this paper is to suggest the method of establishing greenway for the formation of community in which the residence can grow the community spirit and love their living space much more. Land-use status, green coverage ratio, and impermeability paving ratio are investigated. The community facilities are classified. The highest is educational facility, which is 7.7%, the green facility is 1.9% and the total area of community facilities which is 21.4%. The total area of Nam-gu is divided into 31 zones in total according to the administrative districts, the mail roads and reserved land of railroad and urban development. The total 20 lines of community greenway lines are chosen and the total length of lines is 18.2km. Finally, the characteristics of community greenway lines are analysed, the characteristics of community greenway lines are overall estimated according to the land-use, the street environment and the community facility. The classification system of community greenway is established on the basis on the function and purpose of greenway, the present status of land-use and the type of community facility. Based on the field investigation, the 6 greenway types are suggested considering the interconnection. The method of establishment of community greenway is suggested according to the principle of function and purpose, the principle of land-use and the principle of use of the facilities. Furthermore, the planting methods suitable to each greenway type are suggested in the building planting case of wall planting, roof planting, veranda planting, etc., and in the complex planting of parks, schools, roads, parking lots and other small areas.