• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.197-207
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• 1997

This study is about the improvement of housing environment through the research and analysis on how district-level roads are used and what the residents want about housing environment. The results are as follows: 1. As a result of the research on space usage, we could get the conclusion that street furniture occupies much space in the district-level roads, and the main causes of the space usage problems are from cars. 2. Because much space is used for parking, the district-level roads supposed to be the place for the pleasant and safe housing is changing into the main cause of the housing problems. Therefore we should find how to prevent the housing environment from being deteriorated through pridicting the traffic generation of future residential area. 3. Most residents park their cars near their houses in the district-level roads. In order to solve this problem, we have to secure the parking space and guarantee the safe traffic by designing the road space efficiently in spite of the inconvenience.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.97-106
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• 2009

본 연구의 목적은 제주시에서 운영하고 있는 거주자우선주차제 사례를 통하여 최근 우리나라 지방자치단체에서 주로 채택하고 있는 거주자우선주차제도의 문제점을 찾고, 그에 대한 성공요인을 모색하는 것이다. 제주시는 2005년 10월부터 거주자우선주차제를 시범운영하였고, 2007년 10월부터는 본격적으로 도심 지역에서 실시하고 있다. 그 도입 배경을 보면 첫째, 주택가 이면도로의 무분별한 주차로 인하여 발생할 수 있는 각종 재난사고의 확산 방지로 주민의 안녕 유지, 둘째, 쾌적한 주차환경 조성으로 주민의 생활 영위권 보장을 위한 것이다. 거주자우선주차제 성공을 위한 방안을 물어본 결과 "의사결정시부터 지역주민의 참여가 이루어져야 한다"에 대한 설문에서 '그렇다'와 '매우 그렇다'라고 응답한 비율이 87.5%로 가장 높았다. 가장 우려하는 내용은 "친척들이 방문해도 유로로 주차가 가능하도록 제도를 개선해야 한다"라는 질문에 있었다. 응답자의 36%가 부정적인 의견이었으며 이는 친척들이 무료로 방문할 수 있기를 바라는 마음에서 우려하는 것으로 이해할 수 있겠다. 로지스틱 회귀분석 결과 특히 중요시해야 할 요소는 "단속을 철저히 해야 한다", "친척들이 방문해도 유료로 주차가 가능하도록 제도를 개선해야 한다", "인근 상권 주민의 매출감소를 해결하는 방안을 마련해야 한다" 등으로 정책적 제언을 하자면 첫째, 단속강화, 둘째, 친지방문을 위한 주차공간 확보, 셋째, 주변 상권에 대한 영향 최소화, 넷째, 소방도로의 기능과 거주자우선주차제와의 조화유도, 다섯째, 주차공급 확보를 위해 회전율 높이기라고 할 수 있다.

• 휴양 및 경관연구
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2018

This study is about the investigation of the walking environment of the First Experimental Elementary School in Shapingba District of Chongqing City and the Zaozilanya Elementary School in Yuzhong District and the analysis of the pedestrian's consciousness. The improvement plan is obtained by comparing and analyzing the walking environment around the school. The survey results are as follows. According to the survey results of the walking environment around the school, the sidewalks of the two schools are relatively narrow, and there are more pedestrians crossing the road. There is a phenomenon of parking in both schools. The phenomenon of parking in Zaozilanya Elementary School is even more serious. In investigating the most important elements of the school's pedestrian environment, the setting of the signpost, the setting of the crosswalk and signal lights, the setting of the fence, the setting of the vehicle's deceleration facilities, and the control of the school gate are all necessary. Therefore, in order to create a safe and comfortable improvement plan for the surrounding environment of the school, first of all, in the improvement of the facilities around the school, the setting of the fence, the setting of the speed bump, the improvement of the crosswalk and the signal light. Second, in terms of restrictions, the scope of protection around the school needs to be expanded, and restrictions on parking and restrictions on vehicle traffic need to be implemented. Third, in terms of education and publicity, it is not only necessary to provide safety guidance for students to go to school, but also to provide drivers with driving safety education and publicity.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.248-255
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• 2005

Since the water quality of drinking water sources has been recognized as a big issue, the ministry of Environment in Korea is designing the total maximum daily load (TMDL) program for 4 major large rivers. The TMDL program can be successfully performed as controling the nonpoint pollutants from watershed area near the river. Of the various landuses in nonpoint pollution, parking lots and bridges are stormwater intensive landuses because of high imperviousness and high pollutant mass emissions from vehicular activities. Vehicle emissions from those areas include different pollutants such as heavy metals, oil and grease and particulates from sources such as fuels, brake pad and tire wear, etc. Especially the pollutant washed-off from the landuses are directly affecting to the river water quality. Therefore this research was conducted to understand the magnitude and nature of the stormwater emissions with the goal of quantifying stormwater pollutant concentrations and mass emission rates of pollutants from parking lot and bridges in Korea. In Kongju city areas, two monitoring sites were equipped with an automatic rainfall gages and an automatic flow meter for accumulating the useful data such as rainfall, water quality and runoff flow. This manuscripts will show the concentration changes during storm duration and EMCs to characterize the concentration profiles in different land uses. Also the first flush criteria will be suggested using dynamic EMCs. The definition of dynamic EMC is a new approach explaining the relationship of EMC and first flush effect.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.75-81
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• 2022

주차 공간의 부족함을 획기적으로 해결할 수 있는 자율주행 자동차는 심층 강화 학습을 통해 큰 발전을 이루고 있다. 심층 강화 학습에는 활성화 함수가 사용되는데, 그동안 다양한 활성화 함수가 제안되어 왔으나 적용 환경에 따라 그 성능 편차가 심했다. 따라서 환경에 따라 최적의 활성화 함수를 찾는 것이 효과적인 학습을 위해 중요하다. 본 논문은 자율주행 자동차가 주차를 학습하기 위해 심층 강화 학습을 사용할 때 어떤 활성화 함수를 사용하는 것이 가장 효과적인지 비교 평가하기 위해 강화 학습에 주로 사용되는 12개의 함수를 분석하였다. 이를 위해 성능 평가 환경을 구축하고 각 활성화 함수의 평균 보상을 성공률, 에피소드 길이, 자동차 속도와 비교하였다. 그 결과 가장 높은 보상은 GELU를 사용한 경우였고, ELU는 가장 낮았다. 두 활성화 함수의 보상 차이는 35.2%였다.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제32권3D호
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• pp.197-203
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• 2012

본 연구는 주차장 유형별 이용만족에 영향을 미치는 요인 및 관계 분석에 관한 연구이다. 연구 대상은 아파트 단지에 설치된 지상형 주차장, 혼합형 주차장, 지하형 주차장으로 구분하였다. 아파트 단지 입주민들을 대상으로 조사한 설문자료를 토대로 구조방정식 모형을 도출하였다. 분석 결과 이용만족도에 영향을 미치는 잠재변수는 접근성, 안전성, 환경성, 편의성이며, 이중 접근성이 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었고, 주차장 유형별로는 지상형 주차장은 편의성, 혼합형 주차장은 접근성, 지하형 주차장은 안전성이 이용만족도에 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었다.

• 정보과학회 컴퓨팅의 실제 논문지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.268-277
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• 2016

사물인터넷이 대중화되면서 주차장에도 사물인터넷 환경을 구축해 이용객이 주차한 차량의 위치 식별 및 주차 위치 안내 서비스를 제공하려는 연구가 진행되고 있다. 기존 시스템들은 차량을 식별하기 위해 식별 장치를 차량에 부착하거나 이용객이 소지하는 방법 또는 고화질 카메라를 이용하여 주차된 차량의 번호판을 인식하는 방법 등을 이용하고 있다. 하지만 이 방법들은 이용 방법과 비용 측면에서 아쉬운 면을 보였다. 본 논문에서는 초음파 센서와 블루투스 통신을 이용한 스마트 실내 주차장 관리 시스템을 제안한다. 제안하는 시스템은 각 주차공간에 설치된 주차장 센서 모트의 초음파센서를 이용하여 차량의 점령을 판단하고 블루투스의 RSSI를 이용하여 주차된 차량의 위치 식별이 가능하다. 또한 블루투스 RSSI를 이용한 실시간 실내 위치 인식을 통해 주차된 차량까지의 길 안내 서비스가 가능하다. 시스템의 성능평가를 위해 주차된 차량의 위치 인식률과 RSSI를 변환해 얻은 거리의 정확도를 측정하였다.

• 국제초고층학회논문집
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.155-165
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• 2014

This study measured and compared the variation of ventilation rate and fan energy consumption according to various control strategies after installing wireless sensor-based pilot ventilation system in order to verify the applicability of demand-controlled ventilation (DCV) strategy that was efficient ventilation control strategy for underground parking lot. The underground parking lot pilot ventilation system controlled the ventilation rate by directly or indirectly tracking the traffic load in real-time after sensing data, using vehicle detection sensors and carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) sensor. The ventilation system has operated for 9 hours per a day. It responded real-time data every 10 minutes, providing ventilation rate in conformance with the input traffic load or contaminant level at that time. A ventilation rate of pilot ventilation system can be controlled at 8 levels. The reason is that a ventilation unit consists of 8 high-speed nozzle jet fans. This study proposed vehicle detection sensor based demand-controlled ventilation (VDS-DCV) strategy that would accurately trace direct traffic load and CO sensor based demand-controlled ventilation (CO-DCV) strategy that would indirectly estimate traffic load through the concentration of contaminants. In order to apply DCV strategy based on real-time traffic load, the minimum required ventilation rate per a single vehicle was applied. It was derived through the design ventilation rate and total parking capacity in the underground parking lot. This is because current ventilation standard established per unit floor area or unit volume of the space made it difficult to apply DCV strategy according to the real-time variation of traffic load. According to the results in this study, two DCV strategies in the underground parking lot are considered to be a good alternative approach that satisfies both energy saving and healthy indoor environment in comparison with the conventional control strategies.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.103-107
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• 2004

This paper aims for evaluating the wind-driven ventilation in basement parking lots of apartment. Wind tunnel tests coupled with tracer gas method were conducted, and classified by wind directions and opening types. The test results showed that, as for wind-driven ventilations, stack type openings were more successful than scuttle vent. Finally, according to Weibull distribution in Seoul, yearly averaged wind-driven ventilation rate was calculated.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2011

According to the change of the life environment and economic growth, the more highly a city has developed, the more concentrated is the urban function. That is, a city is required for adding more infrastructure. But, both limited land resources and financial problems made it impossible to add infrastructure. So, the necessity of multi-dimensional planning of urban infrastructure was recognized. Especially, in the urban residential area, a mixed-use of the playground of a school and the empty space of a park is desired to serve the issue of insufficient parking spaces. Schools and parks are closely connected to the center of a town, and playing a central role for the town life. For this reason, they are highly demanded in urban residential areas and also expected to be effective. However, we need to consider not only parking convenience but also the safety of users in design process, because people using parks and schools include young students and the elderly. In this study, we mainly examined physical characteristics and the utilization of schools and parks with parking facilities in urban residential areas. Then, we analyzed cases through comparing and evaluating in terms of convenience and safety. and weighed up advantages and disadvantages of each through the comparison of the schools and the parks having parking facilities. The results of this study are expected to provide fundamental references for preparing design standards for such facilities.