• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.99-118
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of parenting efficacy, parenting behavior, and parenting stress on children's problematic behavior in Korea and China. The subjects were 292 children and their mothers who are caring for their 3-5 years old children in Korea and China. Data was collected using a parenting efficacy index, parenting behavior index, parenting stress index and child behavior check list. The data were statistically analyzed using t-test, one-way ANOVA (Scheff$\acute{e}$ test), correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis. The study showed that there were no significant differences in parenting efficacy, parenting behavior, parenting stress and children's problematic behavior in Korea and China. There were some significant differences in children's problematic behavior according to the socio-demographic variables, that is the gender of the child, the mother's education, the father's education, in Korea and China. Correlation analysis indicated that the parenting efficacy, parenting behavior, parenting stress and children's problematic behavior in Korea and China had significant correlations in some sub-variables. It was also found that the gender of the child, the mother's education, the father's education, the frustration and uneasiness of the parents, the control behavior, and the stress of parent-child dysfunctional interaction, were all significant predictors of the preschool children's problematic behavior in Korea, and the mother's education, the family income, the affection behavior, the rejection behavior, and the control behavior, were all significant predictors of the preschool children's problematic behavior in China.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.21-41
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• 2017

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the direct and indirect effects of mothers' and children's emotional instability and maternal affectionate-rational parenting on children's attributional style. Methods: The participants of this study were 253 4th, 5th and 6th grade elementary school students and their mothers in Seoul and Incheon. Data were analyzed by path analysis using AMOS 21.0. Results: The results were as follows: First, children's attributional style for negative and positive events was significantly related to children's emotional instability and maternal affectionate-rational parenting. Also, mothers' and children's emotional instability was significantly associated with affectionate-rational parenting. Second, mothers' emotional instability had indirect effects on children's attributional style for negative and positive events through maternal affectionate-rational parenting. Finally, children's emotional instability had not only significant effects on children's attributional style for positive achievement events, but also indirect effects on children's attributional style for negative and positive events through maternal affectionate-rational parenting. Conclusion/Implications: The results of this study suggest that both environmental and individual factors, including mothers'and children's emotional instability and maternal affectionate-rational parenting, need to be considered to explain children's attributional style. Also, these findings have implications for developing intervention programs for children's attributional style and parental education.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.619-629
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of mother's and father's parenting behaviors and parenting involvement on prosocial behaviors of preschool children. The data were collected from 149 preschool children and their parents(149 mothers, 149 fathers). The collected data were analyzed by SPSS12.0 program for frequency, percentage, t-test, ANOVA, Duncan's test, multiple linear regression. The findings of this study are as follows :first, preschool children behaved prosocially more when their mothers or their fathers took warmth-acceptance of parenting behaviors. They showed lower prosocial behaviors when their fathers conducted more rejection-restriction or more permissiveness-nonintervention of parenting behaviors. Second, preschool children prosocially behaved more when their mothers and their fathers were more involved in parenting. Third, the most powerful predictor of prosocial behaviors was warmth-acceptance of parenting behaviors of their mothers.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.21-42
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• 2023

Objective: This study aims investigate the moderating effect of mothers' overprotective parenting in the influence of young children's competence, as determined by their temperament, on mastery motivation. Methods: An online survey was conducted on 429 mothers with children aged 3-5. The collected data was analyzed using K-means clustering in SPSS 23.0 and the Process macro Model 2. Results: Children's temperaments were categorized into four types : easy-active temperament, easy-inactive temperament, slow temperament, and difficult temperament. It was confirmed that children's competence directly affected their mastery motivation when they had easy-inactive, slow, or difficult temperament. It was also found that mothers' intrusive control had a direct main effect on object persistence when children had easy temperament, while there was no effect on mastery pleasure. The moderating effects of mothers' anxious protection on the pathway from children's competence to object persistence were significant only among children with a slow temperament. Conclusion/Implications: This study highlights the need for mothers to adapt their parenting behavior to their children's temperament type. The study confirmed partial moderating effects of mothers' overprotective parenting in the influence of children's competence, as determined by their temperament, on mastery motivation.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.201-214
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• 2017

Objective: This study is to examine the associations between fathers' values and future expectations on children and their self-evaluated equivalence to their spouses in child rearing practices. Methods: The data were from 997 fathers with young children who participated in the Panel Study of Korean Children (2013). The associations between variables were analyzed with frequency, correlations and hierarchical analysis using SPSS 20 Program. Results: Fathers with emotional values on children or future expectations focused on their children's happiness and altruism are more willing to share child raring practices with their partners. In contrast, fathers with expectation focused on future financial success of their children are less willing to share parenting with their partners. Conclusion/Implications: Fathers' values and future expectations for their children are meaningful predictors of shared parenting in married couples with young children. However, the directions of associations differ based on which types of values and future exportations fathers have regarding their children.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.221-228
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• 2018

This study aimed to analysis the effect of parenting behaviors on young children's social competence. The data of 1408 child 72-79 months and their parents were extracted from the 7th Panel Study on Korean Children in 2014 by Korean Instute of Child Care and Education. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, t-test, and the multiple regression analysis. The research results were as follow: First, there was a significant difference in social competence of young children according to gender and mother's parenting behaviors and father's warmth parenting behaviors. Second, mother's warmth and control parenting behaviors and father's warmth parenting behaviors influenced young children's social competence. But, father's control parenting behaviors didn't influenced the social competence of their children. After discussing these and then a conclusion and proposal were presented.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.184-191
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to provide basic data for nursing interventions to assist primary caregivers of young children by determining the degree stress and fatigue that caregivers were under due to parenting young children. Methods: Participants were primary caregivers (181 mothers and 160 grandmothers) of young children. Results: 1) Mean score for degree of parenting stress was 2.61 (${\pm}.69$) and for fatigue, 1.97 (${\pm}.54$). 2) There was a significant difference in degree of parenting stress according to primary caregivers' age, employment status, income, whether the children were wanted babies, health status of the children and caregivers, personality of the children, and benefits from, and satisfaction with costs of childcare. Likewise, there was a significant difference in degree of fatigue according to relationship of primary caregivers to the children, primary caregivers' age, religion, income, whether the children were wanted babies, health status of the children and caregivers, personality of the children, and benefits from, and satisfaction with costs of childcare. 3) Stress and fatigue perceived by the primary caregivers were significantly correlated (r=.554 p<.001). Conclusion: To alleviate more effectively primary caregivers' parenting stress and fatigue, early nursing intervention and educational programs need to be developed.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.41-53
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• 2003

This study examined the effect of parenting style on children's prosocial behavior. Children's prosocial behaviors were examined by 3 factors : adaptation to school life, relationships with others, and ability to control emotions. Subjects were 195 three-, four-, and five-year-old children and their parents. Children's prosocial behavior differed as a function of children's age but not gender. Children's relationships with others among the prosocial behaviors showed a statistically significant difference by mother's autonomous parenting style. Unexpectedly, children's prosocial behaviors did not vary according to fathers' parenting style.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.33-51
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of parenting efficacy, parenting stress on elementary school children's self-efficacy and daily stress. The subjects were 355 children selected from 4 elementary schools and their mothers. Data was collected using the parenting efficacy index, parenting stress index, children's self-efficacy inventory and children's daily stress inventory. Data was statistically analyzed using the t-test, one way ANOVA(Duncan test), correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis. The study showed that there were some significant differences in children's self-efficacy according to the child's grade, gender, scholastic achievement, mother education, father education, and income. There were some significant differences in children's daily stress according to the child's grade, gender, and scholastic achievement. Correlation analysis indicated that the maternal parenting efficacy and children's self-efficacy, especially self-confidence had a significant positive correlation, and indicated a negative correlation with children's daily stress. Correlation analysis indicated that maternal parenting stress and children's self-efficacy had a significant negative correlation, and indicated a positive correlation with children's daily stress. It was also found that scholastic achievement, educational distress of the mother, father education were significant predictors of the children's self-efficacy, and healthy parenting ability, father education, stress of a difficult child, scholastic achievement, gender were all significant predictors of the children's daily stress.

• Journal of Family Relations
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.47-65
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• 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of children's values, parent-child interaction, family cohesion and flexibility on paternal and maternal warmth and control parenting. Method: The sample used in this study included 806 parents of boys and 748 of girls who were first married couples and living together in the 6th wave of the Panel Study on Korean Children(PSKC). Hierarchical regression analyses were used to identify the effect of predictable variances on paternal and maternal parenting. Results: Variables found to have a statistically significant effect on parenting differed in terms of warmth and control parenting. Fathers who engaged in playing with their children were found to have a strong effect on paternal warmth parenting, whereas participation in children's activities has the strongest effect on maternal warmth parenting. Conclusions: This study suggested that there were differences in paternal and maternal warmth and control parenting according to the gender of the child. Further implications were discussed for exploring maternal and paternal parenting of young children.