• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.665-683
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• 2006

The strength behaviors of Fiber Reinforced Plastics (FRP) Composites can be greatly influenced by the properties of constitutive materials, the laminate structures, and load conditions etc, accompanied by many uncertainty factors. So the reliability study on FRP is an important subject of research. Many achievements have been made in reliability studies based on the probability theory, but little has been done on the roles played by fuzzy variables. In this paper, a fuzzy reliability model for FRP laminates is established first, in which the loads are considered as random variables and the strengths as fuzzy variables. Then a numerical model is developed to assess the fuzzy reliability. The Monte Carlo simulation method is utilized to compute the reliability of laminas under the maximum stress criterion. In the second part of this paper, a generalized fuzzy reliability model (GFRM) is proposed. By virtue of the fact that there may exist a series of states between the failure state and the function state, a fuzzy assumption for the structure state together with the probabilistic assumption for strength parameters is adopted to construct the GFRM of composite materials. By defining a generalized limit state function, the problem is converted to the conventional reliability formula that enables the first-order reliability method (FORM) applicable in calculating the reliability index. Several examples are worked out to show the validity of the models and the efficiency of the methods proposed in this paper. The parameter sensitivity analysis shows that some of the mean values of the strength parameters have great influence on the laminated composites' reliability. The differences resulting from the application of different failure criteria and different fuzzy assumptions are also discussed. It is concluded that the GFRM is feasible to use, and can provide an effective and synthetic method to evaluate the reliability of a system with different types of uncertainty factors.

• 전자공학회논문지
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• 제50권8호
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• pp.232-237
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• 2013

동영상에서 추출한 변수값을 은닉 마르코프 모델(Hidden Markov Model; HMM)에 적용한 새로운 낙상 인식 알고리듬을 제안한다. 개인간 낙상 양식의 차이나 유사 낙상을 실제 낙상과 구분하기 위한 기계 학습 방법으로 HMM알고리듬을 사용하였다. 비디오의 낙상 특징 변수를 얻기 위해 동영상의 광류를 구한 후 이를 주성분 분석 방식에 적용하여 움직임을 정량화하였다. 주성분 분석으로 얻어진 전체 움직임 벡터의 각도, 장단축의 비, 속도등의 조합으로 새로운 여러 종류의 낙상 특징 변수를 정의한 후 이를 HMM에 적용하여 결과를 비교, 분석하였다. 이들 변수들 중에 각도에 의해 얻어진 변수가 가장 좋은 결과를 보여 본 실험에서 91.5%의 민감도(성공 감지율)와 88.01% 의 특이도(실패 감지율)를 나타내었다.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SP
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.129-135
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• 2011

CMA(constant modulus algorithm)의 수렴 특성과 정상상태 성능을 개선하기 위한 교번 적응 알고리즘(alternate adaptation algorithm: AAA)을 제안한다. 교번 적응 알고리즘은 블라인드 수렴 특성이 우수한 알고리즘과 정상상태 오차 성능이 좋은 알고리즘을 이용하여 등화기를 번갈아 적응시키는 새로운 등화 방법이다. 본 논문에서는 가변 수렴상수를 적용한 vsCMA(variable step-size CMA)와 판정의거(decision-directed: DD) 알고리즘을 이용한 교번 적응 등화를 소개한다. 제안 방식에서는 먼저, CMA의 정상상태 오차 성능 개선을 위해 수렴상수를 가변 하는 vsCMA를 고안하였으며, 이를 DD와 교번 적응에 의해 결합함으로써 CMA의 수렴 속도와 정상상태 성능을 개선하고, CMA-DD 전환 방식에서 전환 타이밍에 따른 성능 변동의 민감성을 완화하였다. 제안 방법의 유용성을 확인하기 위해 컴퓨터 모의실험을 통해 다중경로 채널에서 16-QAM에 대해 평가하였다.

• 에너지공학
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.65-72
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• 1998

이 논문은 극좌표이 선로조류방정식을 이용하여 전압안정성 여유전력을 평가하는 고속계산법을 제안한다. 여기서, 선로조류방정식은 상태변수 Vi, $\delta$i, Vj와 $\delta$i 그리고, 선로정수 r과 x로 구성되는데 극좌표계의 특징을 이용하면 이것은 두 개의 변수 Vi와 Vj를 가진 하나의 식이 된다. 그리고, j 모선이 조류계산에서 전압크기로 지정되는 발전기 또는 slack 모선이라면, 변수 Vi만을 가진 하나의 식 즉, {{{{ { V}`_{i } ^{2 } }}에 대한 2차 방정식으로 정식화된다. 그러므로, 전력조류다근은 간단한 계산을 통해 구할 수가 있는데 이와 같이 구해진 다근은 감도해석 또는 다근의 근접도를 통해 전압안정도를 평가할 수 가 있었다. 또한, 전압안정도 평가시에 중요한 요소인 전력용 콘덴서와 같은 조상설비를 고려하여 전압안정성 여유전력을 평가하는 방법을 개발하였다. 제안한 방법을 시험계통에 적용하여 유효성을 입증하였다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제55권4호
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• pp.247-252
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• 2015

Exercise is one of the most common stressors in horses. Although various physiological parameters such as cortisol respond to exercise, there is no reliable parameter for the measurement of exercise-induced stress in sport horses. This study was performed to discover a new biomarker with high sensitivity for exercise-induced stress. The expression of fos mRNA was increased more than 10-fold in horse blood samples collected after an hour of exercise, as compared with before the exercise. The plasma cortisol levels were also increased after the exercise, but only by about two-fold. The fos mRNA levels were well-correlated with plasma cortisol concentrations. These findings suggest that fos mRNA expression in blood may be useful for the measurement of exercise-induced stress in horses.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2008년도 International Symposium on Remote Sensing
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• pp.293-296
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• 2008

Land surface Temperature (LST) is a very useful surface parameter for the wide range of applications, such as agriculture, numerical and climate modelling community. Whereas operational observation of LST is far from the needs of application community in the spatial Itemporal resolution and accuracy. So, we developed split-window type LST retrieval algorithm to estimate the LST from MTSAT-IR data. The coefficients of split-window algorithm were obtained by means of a statistical regression analysis from the radiative transfer simulations using MODTRAN 4 for wide range of atmospheric profiles, satellite zenith angle and lapse rate conditions including the surface inversions. The sensitivity analysis showed that the LST algorithm reproduces the LST with a reasonable quality. However, the LST algorithm overestimates and underestimates for the strong surface inversion and superadiabatic conditions especially for the warm temperature, respectively. And the performance of LST algorithms is superior when satellite zenith angle is small. The accuracy of the retrieved LST has been evaluated with the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) LST data. The validation results showed that the correlation coefficients and RMSE are about 0.83${\sim}$0.98 and 1.38${\sim}$4.06, respectively. And the quality of LST is significantly better during night and winter time than during day and summer. The validation results showed that the LST retrieval algorithm could be used for the operational retrieval of LST from MTSAT-IR and COMS(Communication, Ocean and Meteorological Satellite) data with some modifications.

• Progress in Superconductivity
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.41-45
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• 2005

The diagnostic management of patients with chest pain remains a clinical challenge. Magnetocardiography (MCG) has been proposed as a new non-invasive method for detection of myocardial ischemia. To date, however, MCG technique is not intensively introduced for clinical use. One of the main reasons might be the absence of statistically valid and diagnostically clean criteria, which can determine the presence of certain heart disease. In this work, we suggested a new method to classify the diagnostic value of MCG for the detection of coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients with chest pain. MCG was recorded for three groups (healthy subjects and patients without and with CAD) by means of the 64 channel SQUID gradiometer system installed at a hospital. Using four parameters, which were found to be significantly different between groups, we evaluated a probability, in which parameters can be classified into each group based on the distribution function of the parameter in each group. For all parameters, sum of probabilities was compared between groups to determine the presence of CAD. Our classification method shows that the MCG can be a useful tool to predict the presence of CAD with sensitivity and specificity of higher than $80\%$ each.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.1123-1141
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• 2016

To explore the application of traditional tuned mass dampers (TMDs) to the earthquake induced vibration control problem, a pounding tuned mass damper (PTMD) is proposed by adding a viscoelastic limitation to the traditional TMD. In the proposed PTMD, the vibration energy can be further dissipated through the impact between the attached mass and the viscoelastic layer. More energy dissipation modes can guarantee better control effectiveness under a suite of excitations. To further reduce mass ratio and enhance the implementation of the PTMD control, multiple PTMDs (MPTMD) control is then presented. After the experimental validation of the proposed improved Hertz based pounding model, the basic equations of the MPTMD controlled system are obtained. Numerical simulation is conducted on the benchmark model of the Canton Tower. The control effectiveness of the PTMD and the MPTMD is analyzed and compared under different earthquake inputs. The sensitivity and the optimization of the design parameters are also investigated. It is demonstrated that PTMDs have better control efficiency over the traditional TMDs, especially under more severe excitation. The control performance can be further improved with MPTMD control. The robustness can be enhanced while the attached mass for each PTMD can be greatly reduced. It is also demonstrated through the simulation that a non-uniformly distributed MPTMD has better control performance than the uniformly distributed one. Parameter study is carried out for both the PTMD and the MPTMD systems. Finally, the optimization of the design parameters, including mass ratio, initial gap value, and number of PTMD in the MPTMD system, is performed for control improvement.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제38권12호
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• pp.1379-1385
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• 2014

제품의 수명시험 전에 소요될 시험시간을 대강이라도 예측할 수 있으면 비용을 측정하여 시험을 어떻게 진행할지 판단하는데 도움이 된다. 기계부품의 경우의 신뢰도예측은 시스템의 고장 혹은 열화 메커니즘이 복잡하고 보편적인 데이터베이스가 존재하지 않기 때문에 수행이 난해하다. 본 연구는 유압 액추에이터와 공압 액추에이터에 각각 설치되는 탄성 U 형 씰을 대상으로 수명예측을 NSWC에서 제안하는 고장물리를 고려한 고장률 모형과 현장 데이터베이스를 활용하여 수행하였다. 그 결과들을 검증하기 위해 예측된 수명과 시험된 수명데이터들을 비교하였다. 본 연구는 고장률 모형에 포함된 각종 계수 값들을 결정하는 과정과 씰의 수명에 영향을 주는 인자들의 개별 민감도를 분석하고 그 미비점을 고찰하였다.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.304-313
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• 2012

In this study, the ${\AA}$ngstrom exponent for polydispersed aerosol during dynamic processes was investigated. Log-normal aerosol size distribution was assumed, and a sensitivity analysis of the ${\AA}$ngstrom exponent with regards the coagulation and condensation process was performed. The ${\AA}$ngstrom exponent is expected to decrease because of the particle growth due to coagulation and condensation. However, it is difficult to quantify the degree of change. In order to understand quantitatively the change in the ${\AA}$ngstrom exponent during coagulation and condensation, different real and imaginary parts of the refractive index were considered. The results show that the ${\AA}$ngstrom exponent is sensitive to changes in size distribution and refractive index. The total number concentration decreases and the geometric mean diameter of aerosols increase during coagulation. On the while, the geometric standard deviation approaches monodispersed size distribution during the condensation process, and this change in size distribution affects the ${\AA}$ngstrom exponent. The degree of change in the ${\AA}$ngstrom exponent depends on the refractive index and initial size distribution, and the size parameter changes with the ${\AA}$ngstrom exponent for a given refractive index or chemical composition; this indicates that the size distribution plays an important role in determining the ${\AA}$ngstrom exponent as well as the chemical composition. Subsequently, this study shows how the ${\AA}$ngstrom exponent changes quantitatively during the aerosol dynamics processes for a log-normal aerosol size distribution for different refractive indices; the results showed good agreement with the results for simple analytic size distribution solutions.