• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.89-95
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• 2000

Creep-fatigue crack growth behavior at the heat affected zone of 1Cr-0.5Mo steel weldment has been experimentally studied. Load hold times of the tests for trapezoidal fatigue waveshapes were varied among 0, 30, 300 and 3,600 seconds. Time-dependent crack growth rates were characterized by the {TEX}$C_{t}${/TEX} estimated with the equation proposed by the previous finite element analysis work. It was concluded that the {TEX}$C_{t}${/TEX} values calculated from the properties of parent metal were quite comparable to the accurate {TEX}$C_{t}${/TEX} values calculated from both of weld and parent metals. Scatter of data was claimed due to the difference of exact location of the cracks in HAZ. The cracks have a tendency to change their path from the original location eventually to the relatively soft HAZ(ie, near-FGHAZ region, fine grained heat affected zone).

• Advanced Composite Materials
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.251-264
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• 2009

Nonlinear mechanical behaviors of unidirectional carbon fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) laminates using cup-stacked carbon nanotubes (CSCNTs) dispersed epoxy are evaluated and compared with those of CFRP laminates without CSCNTs. Off-axis compression tests are performed to obtain the stress-strain relations. One-parameter plasticity model is applied to characterize the nonlinear response of unidirectional laminates, and nonlinear behaviors of laminates with and without CSCNTs are compared. Clear improvement in stiffness of off-axis specimens by using CSCNTs is demonstrated, which is considered to contribute the enhancement of the longitudinal compressive strength of unidirectional laminates and compressive strength of multidirectional laminates. Finally, longitudinal compressive strengths are predicted based on a kink band model including the nonlinear responses in order to demonstrate the improvement in longitudinal strength of CFRP by dispersing CSCNTs.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.25 no.12
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• pp.1859-1862
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• 2004

Europium doped yttrium vanadate ($YVO_4$:Eu) phosphor thin films were grown using a pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique on silicon substrate. The structural characterization carried out on a series of ($YVO_4$:Eu films at post annealing temperature in the range of 550 $^{\circ}C$-1150 $^{\circ}C$ indicating that films were preferentially (200) oriented at post annealing temperature above 950 $^{\circ}C.$ Photoluminescence of thin film increased with the increase of post annealing temperature and ambient oxygen pressure though the thin film has the powder-like surface morphology at oxygen pressure above 200 mTorr. Photoluminescence decay from $^5D_1$ level of $Eu^{3+}$ show the great concentration dependency, which can be used as a good parameter to control the composition of ($YVO_4$:Eu thin film.

• Advances in Energy Research
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.181-194
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• 2015

In this work, an experimental study of the gasification on wood was carried out in downdraft type fixed bed Gasifier attached with 10 kW duel fuel diesel engine. The main objective of the study was to use wood as the biomass fuel for downdraft Gasifier and to evaluate the operating parameter of gasifier unit to predict its performance in terms of gas yield and cold gas efficiency. The influence of different biomass on fuel consumption rate, gas yield and cold gas efficiency was studied. Composition of producer gas was also detected for measuring the lower heating value of producer gas to select the feed stock so that optimum performance in the existing gasifier unit can be achieved. Under the experimental conditions, Lower heating value, of producer gas, cold gas efficiency and gas yields, using wood as a feed stock, are $4.85MJ/m^3$, 46.57% and $0.519m^3/kg$.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.42-47
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• 2000

The amorphous vanadium oxide thin films for thin-film rechargeable lithium batteries were fabricated by r.f. reactive sputtering at room temperature. As the experimental parameter, oxygen partial pressure was varied during sputtering. At high oxygen partial pressures(>30%), the as-deposited films, constant current charge/discharge characteristics were carried out in 1M $LiPF_6$, EC:DMC+1:1 liquid electrolyte using lithium metal as anode. The specific capacity of amorphous $V_2O_5$ after 200cycles of operation at room temperature was higher compared to crystalline $V_2O_5$. The amorphous vanadium oxide thin film and crystalline film showed about 60$\mu$Ah/$\textrm{cm}^2\mu\textrm{m}$ and about 38$\mu$Ah/$\textrm{cm}^2\mu\textrm{m}$, respectively. These results suggest that the battery capacity of the thin film vanadium oxide cathode strongly depends on the crystallinity.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.185-190
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• 2006

An ultrasonic self-calibrating technique for the characterization of a ceramic which was fabricated by change pressing time during the HIP process has been applied by using the ratio of the reflection and transmission coefficients of normal incidence longitudinal waves. The ratio is self-compensated, in that it is independent of the characteristics for transmission and reception of ultrasound by the transducer and the condition of the couplant. The insensitive direction in parameter space is defined as the direction in which the variation of the ratio to changes of two parameters vanishes. For inverse problem the distribution of minima in an error surface is investigated.

• Journal of Surface Science and Engineering
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.329-338
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• 2000

In this study, as an effort to improve the brittlement of coating layer, aluminum bronze coatings formed on steel substrates by arc jet spray process were subjected to post heat treatment. After each treatment, mechanical properties such as hardness, and UTS, and microstructural characterization of the specimens were investigated. The results showed that the hardness in the coatings slightly decreased with increasing heat treatment tine and temperature. The UTS of as-sprayed coatings was 4.31kgf/$\textrm{mm}^2$ and slightly increased to 5.51kgf/$\textrm{mm}^2$ after heat treatment at $900^{\circ}C$ for 120min. On the other hand, the interdiffusion of copper and aluminum particles after heat treatment lead to decrease of the porosity density and increase the bond strength.

• Macromolecular Research
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.225-233
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• 2007

To improve the poor mechanical and low-temperature properties of glycidyl azide polymer (GAP)-based propellants, the addition of binders was investigated using GAP and flexible polymer backbone-structural polycaprolactone (PCP) at various weight(wt) ratios, and varying the ratio of Desmodur N-100 pluriisocyanate (N-100) to isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI). Using Gee's theory, the solubility parameter of the PCP network was determined, in order to elucidate the physical and chemical interaction between GAP and PCP. The structure of the binder networks was characterized by measuring the cross-link densities and molecular weights between cross-links ($M_c$) obtained by a swelling experiment using Flory-Rhener theory. The thermal and mechanical properties of the segmented block copolyurethane (GAP-b-PCP) binders prepared by the incorporation of PCP into the binder recipes were investigated, along with the effect of the different curatives ratios.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.63 no.5
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• pp.352-359
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• 2019

The most important parameter of organic molecules for energy harvesting application focuses mainly on their band gap (HOMO-LUMO). In this report, we synthesized differently substituted 1,3,5-triazine based organic molecule which on future processing can be used in organic electronics like solar cells and OLED's. The energy gap of the synthesized novel analogue was calculated using cyclic voltammetry, UV-Visible spectroscopy and compared with density functional theory (DFT) studies.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.185-194
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• 2018

Ultra-small optical anisotropy of a rubbed polyimide (PI) alignment layer is quantitatively characterized using the improved reflection ellipsometer. Twisted nematic (TN) cells are fabricated using the rubbed PIs of known surface anisotropy as alignment layers. Distribution of liquid crystal (LC) molecules in the TN cell is characterized using transmission ellipsometry. The retardation of the rubbed PI surface increases as rubbing strength increases. The tilt angle of the optic axis of the rubbed PI surface decreases as rubbing strength especially as the angular speed of the rubbing roller increases. Pretilt angle of LC molecules in the TN cell shows strong correlation with tilt angle of the optic axis of the rubbed PI surface. Both the apparent order parameter and the effective twist angle of the LC molecules in the TN cell decrease as the pretilt angle of LC molecules increases.