• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.915-923
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• 2005

We monitored paralytic shellfish poison (PSP) by HPLC method in shellfishes including a sea squirt, and its products produced in domestic and imported, total 35 species, 850 samples, collected at 9 cities such as Seoul, Busan, Daegu, Ulsan, Pohang, Masan, Tongyeong, Geoje and Sacheon, 10 times by month (2 times in April and May) from March to October, 2004. PSPs were detected in a few raw samples on March, and it showed highest toxic ratio $(72.9\%)$ on third week of April (51 samples toxic in total 70 samples) and decreased suddenly to $2.4\%$ on third week of May. After then, PSPs were detected in a few samples, sporadically, and disappeared after August. Most raw shellfishes in the market were safe from PSP, showing the toxicity below 1 MU/g (quarantine level 4.0 MU/g), except oyster collected on April at Masan (1.9 MU/g), blue mussel on April (1.8 MU/g) and purplish washington clam on May at Sacheon (2.1 MU/g). However, it was strongly suggested to survey and under control for the imported scallops and ark shells which showed highly toxic in the quarantine level on May, July, even September. PSP were not detectable in the all shellfish products collected on May, July and September, except 2 boiled and dried mussels contained trace amount (0.01 MU/g), and all those products were safe as below quarantine toxin level (4.0 MU/g).

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.288-291
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• 1988

We have veen already reported the distribution of PSP of bivalve mollusca in southern coast of Korea and also analyzed their characteristics. The purpose of this study was to develop detoxification method for PSP infested sea mussel, Mytilus edulis, by rearing methods or processing treatments. There was no significant detoxification effect when the PSP infested sea mussel was reared in a tank with water recirculation system, but the toxicity of sea mussel rapidly decreased during the rearing time in a water flow system with filtered water. The detoxification rate of PSP during the rearing for 5 days in a water flow system tank with $15-17^{\circ}C$ of sea water was $94\%$ in case of high toxic sample with more than $2,600{\mu}g/100g$ and about $40\%$ in case of low toxic sample with less than $100{\mu}g/100g$. The toxicity of PSP extracted from the sample with 0.1N/ HCl solution was about 2-5 times higher than that extracted with distilled water. When sea mussel contained $100-150{\mu}g-PSP$ per 100g of edible meat was boiled for 30 min with tap water, the toxicity was destroyed as the level of PSP undetected by mouse assay. We can suggest that boiling of sea mussel with tap water was one of the most significant detoxification methods, but it was not enough to be safe in case of extremely high intoxicated sea mussel with PSP. For example, the digestive gland of sea mussel contained more than $9593{\mu}g/100g$ was heated in a can with tap water at $116^{\circ}C$ for 65 min. the residual PSP was more than $170{\mu}g$.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.297-302
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• 1988

We have veen already reported the distribution of PSP of bivalve mollusca in southern coast of Korea and also analyzed their characteristics. The purpose of this study was to develop detoxification method for PSP infested sea mussel, Mytilus edulis, by rearing methods or processing treatments. There was no significant detoxification effect when the PSP infested sea mussel was reared in a tank with water recirculation system, but the toxicity of sea mussel rapidly decreased during the rearing time in a water flow system with filtered water. The detoxification rate of PSP during the rearing for 5 days in a water flow system tank with $15-17^{\circ}C$ of sea water was $94\%$ in case of high toxic sample with more than $2,600{\mu}g/100g$ and about $40\%$ in case of low toxic sample with less than $100{\mu}g/100g$. The toxicity of PSP extracted from the sample with 0.1N/ HCl solution was about 2-5 times higher than that extracted with distilled water. When sea mussel contained $100-150{\mu}g-PSP$ per 100g of edible meat was boiled for 30 min with tap water, the toxicity was destroyed as the level of PSP undetected by mouse assay. We can suggest that boiling of sea mussel with tap water was one of the most significant detoxification methods, but it was not enough to be safe in case of extremely high intoxicated sea mussel with PSP. For example, the digestive gland of sea mussel contained more than $9593{\mu}g/100g$ was heated in a can with tap water at $116^{\circ}C$ for 65 min. the residual PSP was more than $170{\mu}g$.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.161-168
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• 1988

The Stability of PSP extracted from the intoxicated sea mussel, Mytilus edulis was evaluated by the thange of heating conditions and pH of the PSP solution. Also the composition of the PSP extracted from the cultured sea mussel collected at Chungmu, Korea on March 12, 1986 was analyzed. The extracted PSP was stable over the range of pH 2.0 to 4.0, but it was unstable above pH 4.5. For example. the toxicity of extracted PSP of pH 3.0 was only decreased less than $20\%$ by the treatment at $121^{\circ}C$ for 15min or at 100 for 2 hours, but it was decreased more than $80\%$ by the same treatment when the pH of the PSP solution was adjusted to 6.0. The toxin was purified from the ethanolic extract of the digestive glands of the sampled sea mussel by Bio-gel P-2 and Bio-Rex 70 column chromatography. The toxic fractions obtained were analyzed by cellulose acetate membrane electrophoresis, TLC and HPLC. The compositional analytical results of the PSP, most of the toxins were certified as $GTX_{1-4}$, while the toxicity of STX was only about 1/40 of that of $GTX_s$.