• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.1273-1279
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• 2016

Flow boiling pressure drop in multi channels was experimently investigated. The multi channel has a width and depth of 0.45 and 0.2mm respectively, and comprises 15 parallel channels. The measured total pressure drop is expressed by the sum of the frictional pressure drop and acceleration pressure drop. In order to predict the total pressure drop, it is required to obtain the correct frictional pressure drop. The existing correlations to predict the frictional pressure were compared with measured frictional pressure drop. The new correlation was developed in the form of the Chisholm correlation. It was related to Chisholm Constant B as a function of Martinelli parameter. The new correlation predicted the experimental data within a mean absolute error of 5.5%.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• 제16권3E호
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• pp.32-36
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• 1997

This study models mobile communication channels as a discrete finite Markovian process, and Markovian jump linear system having parallel Kalman filter type is applied. What is newly proposed in this paper is an equation for obtaining the transition matrix according to sampling time by using a weighted Gaussian sum approximation and its simple calculation process. Experiments show that the proposed method has superior performance and reuires computation compared to the existing MJLS using the ransition matrix given by a statistical method or from priori information.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.41-55
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• 2018

General polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEMFC) operates at less than $80^{\circ}C$. Therefore liquid phase water resulting from electrochemical reaction accumulates and floods the cell which in turn increases the mass transfer loss. To prevent the flooding, it is common to employ serpentine flow channel, which can efficiently export liquid phase water to the outlet. The major drawback of utilizing serpentine flow channel is the large pressure drop that happens between the inlet and outlet. On the other hand, in the high temperature polymer electrolyte fuel cell (HT-PEMFC), since the operating temperature is 130 to $180^{\circ}C$, the generated water is in the state of gas, so the flooding phenomenon is not taken into consideration. In HT-PEMFCs parallel flow channel with lower pressure drop between the inlet and outlet is employed therefore, in order to circulate hydrogen and air in the cell less pumping power is required. In this study we analyzed HT-PEMFC's different flow channels by parallel computation using previously developed 3-D isothermal model. All the flow channels had an active area of $25cm^2$. Also, we numerically compared the performance of HT-PEMFC parallel flow channel with different manifold area and Rib interval against the original serpentine flow channel. Results of the analysis are shown in the form of three-dimensional contour polarization curves, flow characteristics in the channel, current density distribution in the Membrane, overpotential distribution in the catalyst layer, and hydrogen and oxygen concentration distribution. As a result, the performance of a real area fuel cell was predicted.

• 한국시뮬레이션학회논문지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.79-92
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• 1995

In this paper we present an efficient parallel simulation algorithm in recursive feedforward network(RFN) which can reduce the simulation delay while decreasing the number of null messages compared to the previous result. As a preprocessing step, we first determine the group and type of each oupput channel for the nodes using DFS(Depth First Search) algorithm, and show that the number of null messages as well as the simulation scheme. By the new scheme we decide if null messages are sent to the output channels or not according to the group to which it belongs.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.19-31
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• 2014

이 논문에서는 IEEE 802.15.4 노드들이 WiFi 트래픽의 간섭을 피해 새로운 채널에서 동작하기 위해 다수의 IEEE 802.15.4 채널들에 대한 병렬적인 백오프지연과정과 WiFi 트래픽의 주파수 스펙트럼을 고려한 채널탐색방법에 연구되었다. WiFi 트래픽에 의해 점유되는 채널들을 탐색하기 위해, 인접한 채널들에 대한 전력을 동시에 측정하는 방법, 기준보다 큰 채널전력의 지속시간을 확인하는 방법, RSSI 샘플 데이터에 대한 신호처리로 비콘 프레임과 같은 주기성을 찾는 방법에 대해 분석되었다. IEEE 802.11 네트워크와 중첩된 무선채널에서 IEEE 802.15.4 노드들의 CSMA-CA 알고리즘의 동작에 대해서 설명하였다. 하나의 IEEE 802.15.4 장치로 다수의 IEEE 802.15.4 채널에 대해 병렬적으로 백오프지연과정을 수행하는 방법을 그 알고리즘의 설명과 함께 제안하였다. 제안된 방법이 구현된 실험시스템으로 측정된 데이터를 분석할 때, WiFi 트래픽이 발생될 때 이와 연관된 다수의 인접한 IEEE 802.15.4 채널에서 매체접근지연시간이 동시에 증가하는 것으로 관찰되었다. IEEE 802.15.4의 채널에서 다른 트래픽에 의한 간섭을 판단하기 위한 채널평가함수를 정의하였다. WiFi에 의해 간섭을 받는 IEEE 802.15.4 채널들을 탐색하기 위해 인접채널들에 대한 채널평가를 함께 고려하는 채널탐색방법을 제시하였고 실험결과는 WiFi에 의해 간섭이 일어나는 채널들을 올바르게 찾는 특성을 보인다.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.103-108
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• 2016

통신 시스템에서 제한된 총 전력으로 여러개의 부채널로 이루어진 채널의 입력과 출력 사이의 상호정보를 최대화하는 문제의 해는 Waterfilling 구조를 가진다. 채널 상태 정보(CSI)를 알고 있을 때 OFDM이나 MIMO는 병렬의 독립된 부채널들로 분해 될 수 있다. 제한된 전력 하에 채널용량에 접근하는 전송속도를 위한 최적의 부채널 전력할당 문제의 해는 Waterfilling 으로 구할 수 있다. Waterfilling은 상태가 좋은(SNR이 높은) 부채널에 더 많은 전력을 할당하고 상태가 나쁜 채널들은 적은 전력이나 전력을 할당하지 않음으로서 상태가 좋은 부채널들의 전송속도를 높이고 결과적으로 전체 전송속도를 채널용량에 접근하게 한다. Waterfilling은 총 전력 제한을 만족하는 정확한 수면 높이를 찾는데 일반적으로 수면 높이를 추정하고 갱신해 나가는 반복적 알고리즘이 사용된다. 이 과정에서 부채널들에 대한 채널이득 제곱의 역수들의 부분합($\sum\limits_{n=1}^{Last}{\frac{N_0}{{\mid}h_n{\mid}^2}}$) 계산이 반복적으로 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 이런 부분합들을 초기화 단계에서 미리 계산하여 배열을 만들고 임의의 부분합 계산을 배열 참조로 대치함으로서 Waterfilling 알고리즘의 계산 시간을 줄였다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.125-132
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• 2008

The bubble dynamics and heat transfer associated with nucleate boiling in parallel microchannels is studied numerically by solving the equations governing conservation of mass, momentum and energy in the liquid and vapor phases. The liquid-vapor interface is tracked by a level set method which is modified to include the effects of phase change at the interface and contact angle at the wall. Also, the reversible flow observed during flow boiling in parallel microchannels has been investigated. Based on the numerical results, the effects of contact angle, wall superheat and the number of channels on the bubble growth and reversible flow are quantified.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제14권11호
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• pp.923-930
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• 2002

Cooling characteristics of a parallel channel with protruding heat sources using convection and conduction heat transfer are studied numerically. A two-dimensional model has been developed for numerical prediction of transient, compressible, viscous, laminar flow, and conjugate heat transfer between parallel plates with uniform block heat sources. The finite volume method is used to solve the problem. The assembly consists of two channels formed by two covers and one printed circuit board which has three uniform heat source blocks. Six different cooling methods are considered to find out the most efficient cooling method in a given geometry and heat sources. The velocity and temperature fields of cooling medium, the temperature distribution along the block surface, and the maximum temperature in each block are obtained. The results are compared to examine the cooling characteristics of the different cooling methods.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.147-156
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• 2015

A typical solid-state drive contains several independent channels that can be operated in parallel. To exploit this channel-level parallelism, a variety of works proposed to split consecutive write sequences into small segments and schedule them to different channels. This scheme exploits the parallelism but breaks the spatial locality of write traffic; thus, it is able to significantly degrade the efficiency of garbage collection. This paper proposes a channel-aware write reordering (CAWR) mechanism to schedule write requests to different channels more intelligently. The novel mechanism encapsulates correlated pages into a cluster beforehand. All pages belonging to a cluster are scheduled to the same channels to exploit spatial locality, while different clusters are scheduled to different channels to exploit the parallelism. As CAWR covers both garbage collection and I/O performance, it outperforms existing schemes significantly. Trace-driven simulation results demonstrate that the CAWR mechanism reduces the average response time by 26% on average and decreases the valid page copies by 10% on average, while achieving a similar hit ratio to that of existing mechanisms.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.961-966
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• 2013

Being one of the most important textile and apparel producers for years, Turkey began to become active in terms of retailing. Although retailing industry is in its growing phase, the social and economic influences caused the customers' tastes and demands to be more distinctive and segmented in parallel with the advancement of the retail industry. Therefore, the retail industry began to develop in more fragmented way where clear boundaries between different types of retailers were established. In this study, the apparel retail market is overviewed and analyzed within the context for determination of the current situation and future prospective. To this aim, the textile and apparel companies that are active in Turkey were classified into groups based on the type of distribution channels they used. Then, the performances of the groups were established using the secondary type of resources. Finally, the findings were summarized, by showing the similarities and differences between different channels.