• 제목/요약/키워드: paradoxical

검색결과 229건 처리시간 0.027초

Morphine-induced Modulation of Nociceptive Spinal Dorsal Horn Neuronal Activities after Formalin-induced Inflammatory Pain

  • Park, Joo-Min;Li, Kang-Wu;Jung, Sung-Jin;Kim, Jun;Kim, Sang-Jeong
    • The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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    • 제9권2호
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    • pp.77-86
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    • 2005
  • In this study, we examined the morphine-induced modulation of the nociceptive spinal dorsal horn neuronal activities before and after formalin-induced inflammatory pain. Intradermal injection of formalin induced time-dependent changes in the spontaneous activity of nociceptive dorsal horn neurons. In naive cats before the injection of formalin, iontophoretically applied morphine attenuated the naturally and electrically evoked neuronal responses of dorsal horn neurons. However, neuronal responses after the formalin-induced inflammation were significantly increased by morphine. Bicuculline, $GABA_A$ antagonist, increased the naturally and electrically evoked neuronal responses of dorsal horn neurons. This increase in neuronal responses due to bicuculline after the formalin-induced inflammation was larger than that in the naive state, suggesting that basal $GABA_A$ tone increased after the formalin injection. Muscimol, $GABA_A$ agonist, reduced the neuronal responses before the treatment with formalin, but not after formalin treatment, again indicating an increase in the GABAergic basal tone after the formalin injection which saturated the neuronal responses to GABA agonist. Morphine-induced increase in the spinal nociceptive responses after formalin treatment was inhibited by co-application of muscimol. These data suggest that formalin-induced inflammation increases $GABA_A$ basal tone and the inhibition of this augmented $GABA_A$ basal tone by morphine results in a paradoxical morphineinduced increase in the spinal nociceptive neuronal responses after the formalin-induced inflammation.

Effects of Single Treatment of Anti-Dementia Drugs on Sleep-Wake Patterns in Rats

  • Jung, Ji-Young;Roh, Moo-Taek;Ko, Kyung-Kyun;Jang, Hwan-Soo;Lee, Seong-Ryong;Ha, Jeoung-Hee;Jang, Il-Sung;Lee, Ho-Won;Lee, Maan-Gee
    • The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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    • 제16권4호
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    • pp.231-236
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    • 2012
  • We studied the effects of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, donepezil and galantamine, and an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor blocker, memantine, on sleep-wake architecture in rats. Screw electrodes were chronically implanted into the frontal and parietal cortex for the electroencephalography (EEG). EEG was recorded with a bio-potential amplifier for 8 h from 09:30 to 17:30. Vibration was recorded to monitor animal activity with a vibration measuring device. Sleep-wake states such as wake (W), slow-wave sleep (S) and paradoxical or rapid eye movement sleep (P), were scored every 10 sec by an experimenter. We measured mean episode duration and number of episode to determine which factor sleep disturbance was attributed to. Donepezil and memantine showed a significant increase in total W duration and decreases in total S and P duration and delta activity. Memantine showed increases in sleep latency and motor activity. Changes of S and P duration in memantine were attributed from changes of mean episode duration. Galantamine had little effect on sleep architecture. From these results, it is showed that galantamine may be an anti-dementia drug that does not cause sleep disturbances and memantine may be a drug that causes severe sleep disturbance.

식당을 매개로 한 한일 영상텍스트 연구 - <윤식당>과 <카모메 식당>을 중심으로 (Study on Restaurant Images through Korea-Japan Video Text - and )

  • 진은경;안상원
    • 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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    • 제17권11호
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    • pp.567-576
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    • 2017
  • 음식은 그것을 둘러싼 조리법과 문화적 감수성, 베풀고-나누는 관계를 통해 내러티브를 확장하는 문화텍스트로 기능한다. 이 연구는 식당을 매개로 한 한일 영상텍스트인 <윤식당>과 <카모메식당>의 특징을 사이공간과 젠더를 중심으로 살펴보고, 한일 영상문화 텍스트의 보편성과 특수성을 살펴보는 데 목표가 있다. 사이공간의 입장에서 영화 <카모메 식당>이 현실의 세계를 허구적으로 재현했다면 예능 <윤식당>은 허구적 세계를 현실적으로 재현함으로써 차별성을 보이지만, 보편적으로는 하이퍼리얼리티를 창조한 것을 알 수 있다. 둘째, 젠더의 차원에서 두 영상은 성역할의 해체가 역설적으로 상품이 되는 보편성을 제시한다. 다만 윤식당의 경우 젠더평등의 양상을 좀 더 구체적으로 제시했다는 데서 차별성을 갖는다.

VR 영화에서 암묵적 프레임의 존재 (The Existence of Implicit Frames in VR Movies)

  • 김태은
    • 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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    • 제18권8호
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    • pp.272-286
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    • 2018
  • VR영화는 일반영화에서의 스크린 화면과 관객과의 관계가 전혀 다르게 형성된다. 관객이 곧 카메라가 되고 카메라의 시점의 주체가 되기 때문에 1인칭 시점에 대한 고찰과 서사를 전달하는 프레임의 편집을 대체할 VR영화만의 프레임 이론이 필요하다. VR영화의 서사전달기능을 하는 프레임의 존재를 드러나지 않으면서 상징적 서사기능을 한다는 의미로써 '암묵적'프레임이라 명명하고 이와 관련된 이론적 배경으로 원씬 원컷으로 제작된 쇼쿠로프감독의 <러시아방주>와 외화면적 요소, 제4의 벽의 개념을 가져올 수 있다. VR영화 속 관객은 현존하지만 동시에 화면 안에서 부재하는 역설적인 딜레마를 가지고 서사에 몰입하게 되면서 하이퍼리얼리티를 겪는다. VR영화 공간에서 시선을 움직이는 시선의 블로킹, 실제와 가상사이의 현존을 묶어주는 원격현존의 속성을 지닌다.

휴대폰 네트워크 속 인간 육체의 활동과 감정의 도시 공간 (The Urban Space of the Motions and Emotions of Human Bodies in Mobile Networks)

  • 이희상
    • 대한지리학회지
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    • 제41권5호
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    • pp.561-581
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    • 2006
  • 기계, 도시 그리고 육체는 오랜 시간 동안 함께 진화되어 왔으며, 최근 정보 통신 기술의 발달은 도시와 육체를 새로운 형태로 변형시켜 왔다. 본 논문은, 기계, 도시 그리고 육체의 관계에 관심을 가지면서, 휴대폰 네트워크가 어떻게 도시의 물리적 공간과 육체의 심리적 공간과 관계되는지를 탐구한다. 이를 위해 본 논문은 네 개의 주요 절로 구성된다. 먼저 휴대폰 네트워크가 도시 공간과 인간 육체를 변형시키는 방식에 대한 이론적 검토를 제공한다. 둘째로, 한국에서 기술적 및 제도적 변화를 통한 휴대폰 네트워크의 형성을 설명한다. 셋째로 일상 생활에서 휴대폰 이용자들의 활동 및 실천과 관련하여 휴대폰 네트워크의 사회-공간적 규모와 시-공간 경관을 살펴본다. 마지막으로, 휴대폰 네트워크와 연결 혹은 분리되고자 하는 휴대폰 이용자들의 감정 및 욕망과 관련하여 휴대폰 네트워크가 패러독스적인 감정 공간을 수반하는 방식에 주목한다.

Amplatzer® 혈관폐색장치를 이용한 거대 폐동정맥기형 색전술 1예 (Transcatheter Embolotherapy of Giant Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformation Using Amplatzer® Vascular Plug)

  • 정기환;이승화;신철;김제형
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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    • 제67권1호
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    • pp.52-58
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    • 2009
  • 폐동정맥기형은 드문 폐혈관 질환으로 출혈, 뇌농양, 기이 색전증(paradoxical embolism)에 의한 여러 신경학적 합병증의 발생 위험을 증가시켜 치료를 요한다. 과거에는 수술적으로 제거했으나, 최근에는 주로 코일 및 풍선 등의 다양한 색전물질을 이용한 경피적 색전술을 시행하여 치료하는 추세이다. 거대 폐동정맥기형의 경우에는 색전술 시행 과정에서 코일이 전신 순환으로 빠져 나가 장치 색전증 등의 합병증을 일으킬 위험이 높다. 저자들은 호흡곤란을 주소로 내원한 81세 남자 환자에게서, 지속되는 저산소혈증의 원인으로 거대 폐동정맥기형을 진단하고, Amplatzer$^{(R)}$ 혈관폐색장치를 이용한 경피적 색전술로 치료한 1예를 경험하였기에, 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

인공호흡기 사용 환자들에게 제공된 예비적 정보에 대한 내용분석의 측정자간 신뢰도 (Interrater Reliability in the Content Analysis of Preparatory Information for Mechanically Ventilated Patients)

  • 김화순
    • 기본간호학회지
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    • 제5권2호
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    • pp.269-279
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    • 1998
  • In nursing research that the data is collected through clinical observation, analysis of clinical recording or coding of interpersonal interaction in clinical areas, testing and reporting interrater reliability is very important to assure reliable results. Procedures for interrater reliability in these studies should follow two steps. The first step is to determine unitizing reliability, which is defined as consistency in the identification of same data elements in the record by two or more raters reviewing the same record. Unitizing reliability have been rarely reported in previous studies. Unitizing reliability should be tested before progressing to the next step as precondition. Next step is to determine interpretive reliability. Cohen's kappa is a preferable method of calculating the extent of agreement between observer or judges because it provides beyond-chance agreement. Despite its usefulness, kappa can sometimes present paradoxical conclusions and can be difficult to interpret. These difficulties result from the feature of kappa which is affected in complex ways by the presence of bias between observers and by true prevalence of certain categories. Therefore, percentage agreement should be reported with kappa for adequate interpretation of kappa. The presence of bias should be assessed using the bias index and the effect of prevalence should be assessed using the prevalence index. Researchers have been reported only global reliability reflecting the extent to which coders can consistently use the whole coding system across all categories. Category-by-category reliability also need to be reported to inform the possibility that some categories are harder to use than others.

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Correlations between anatomic variations of maxillary sinus ostium and postoperative complication after sinus lifting

  • Lee, Jang Won;Yoo, Ji Yong;Paek, Seung Jae;Park, Won-Jong;Choi, Eun Joo;Choi, Moon-Gi;Kwon, Kyung-Hwan
    • Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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    • 제42권5호
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    • pp.278-283
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    • 2016
  • Objectives: The maxillary sinus mucosa is reported to recover to preoperative sterility after sinus floor elevation. However, when drainage of maxillary sinus is impaired, recovery can be delayed and maxillary sinusitis can occur. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the correlations between anatomic variants that can interrupt the ostium of the maxillary sinus and incidence of complication after sinus lifting. Materials and Methods: The subjects are 81 patients who underwent sinus lifting in Wonkwang University Dental Hospital (Iksan, Korea). Computed tomography (CT) images of the subjects were reviewed for presence of nasal septum deviation, anatomic variants of the middle turbinate, and Haller cells. Correlations between anatomic variations and occurrence of maxillary sinusitis were statistically analyzed. Results: Patients with anatomic variants of ostio-meatal units, such as deviated nasal septum, concha bullosa or paradoxical curvature of the middle turbinate, or Haller cells, showed a higher rate of complication. However, only presence of Haller cell showed statistically significant. Conclusion: Before sinus lifting, CT images are recommended to detect anatomic variants of the ostio-meatal complex. If disadvantageous anatomic variants are detected, the use of nasal decongestants should be considered to reduce the risk of postoperative sinusitis.

무용창작에 적용된 『로미오와 줄리엣』의 이중성 표현분석 (Representational Analysis of Duality applied in Dance Creation at the Romeo and Juliet)

  • 안주경
    • 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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    • 제12권12호
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    • pp.146-155
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    • 2012
  • 이 연구는 세익스피어의 "로미오와 줄리엣"에 나타난 모순구조와 사랑의 이중성에 대한 실제 창작 작품을 분석하여 장면별 움직임의 적용과 의미연구를 시도하였다. 연구자는 작품에 나타난 모순구조와 사랑의 이중성을 versus(대(對))의미로 설정하고 이를 작품 "Romiet&Julio zwei Versus"로 창작하여 공연에 나타난 사랑의 이중성을 분석하였다. 분석도구는 라반의 동작분석방법으로 신체, 에포트, 공간, 쉐입의 네 가지로 구분하여 분석되었다. 분석결과 원작에 나타난 사랑의 이중성은 작가의 다원적 시각의 표현이며, 역설적 대비보다는 동질성의 극적구조로 나타났다. 창작 작품분석결과 사랑의 이중성은 궁극적으로 새로운 차원의 절대적 균형을 이루는 중요한 요인으로 작용되었음이 입증되었다.

Repercussions of Breastfeeding by Diabetic Women for Breast Cancer

  • Franca, Eduardo Luzia;Franca-Botelho, Aline Do Carmo;Franca, Juliana Luzia;Ferrari, Carlos Kusano Bucalen;Honorio-Franca, Adenilda Cristina
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • 제14권11호
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    • pp.6233-6239
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    • 2013
  • Diabetes represents a serious health problem. In the diabetic state, alterations in metabolism, increased susceptibility to infections and immunological changes occur. The suppression of the immune response has been identified as a relevant factor that contributes to the increase in the rate of infections in these patients. At the same time, breast cancer is the most frequent malignant tumor in women. The molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying cancer development have revealed that immune cells functionally regulate epithelial cancer development and progression. Breastfeeding has been hypothesized to reduce the risk of breast cancer. However, early systematic reviews have not yielded consistent findings for this association. The demand for human milk is increasing due to the promotion and consumer acceptance of the health benefits of consuming a natural product rich in bioactive components. However, due to changes in glucose metabolism, the components of the milk from diabetic women are modified depending on the time of evaluation. In this literature review, we summarize important new findings revealing the paradoxical role of breastfeeding in preventing the onset of breast cancer in diabetic mothers. We hypothesized that the milk component production in diabetic mothers is affected by changes in glucose metabolism. Therefore, adequate maternal glycemic control and an adequate duration of breastfeeding for diabetic mothers are crucial to ensure that the immunity components are able to confer protection against breast cancer.