• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.30-35
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• 2008

Mechanical properties of paper mulberry bast fiber handsheets were investigated to study the characteristics of bast fiber in terms of being suitable for modern paper making process. Tensile, tear and burst strength of handsheets made from bast fiber of paper mulberry were better than those of NBKP handsheets. Smoothness of bast fiber was higher but stiffness was lower than NBKP. Sizing performance of bast fiber were worse. 3D image analysis showed that handsheets of bast fiber had inferior formation and more pores comparing to NBKP.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.57-64
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• 2008

In general, the entire of paper mulberry bark, which is not cut into pieces with an appropriate length, have been used in the pulping. This kind of pulping method couldn't accomplish the improvement of beating and sheet forming efficiency. For this reason, we investigated the effects of the cutting length of paper mulberry bast fiber on pulping and Hanji (Korean traditional paper) properties, in order to develop high quality Hanji manufacturing process. The cutting length variation of paper mulberry white bast did not great effects on pulp yields. The pulp yields based on pulping methods were sulfomethylated pulping av. 57.4%, alkali-hydrogen peroxide pulping av. 55.4%, and alkaline pulping av. 53.5% respectively. The optical properties such as brightness, opacity, scattering coefficient, and absorption coefficient were slightly improved by the increase of paper mulberry white bast cutting length. The increase of paper mulberry white bast cutting length resulted in poor sheet formation. Physical properties such as breaking length, TEA, tear index, burst index, and folding endurance were slightly improved by the increase of cutting length. The modified pulping processes, which used sulfomethylated method and alkali-hydrogen peroxide method, showed better pulp and sheet properties than conventional alkaline pulping.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.85-95
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• 1998

Traditionally, Hanji had been made only with the bast fiber of paper mulberry (Broussonetia kazinoki). Nowadays, Hanji has been made mainly in the mixed forms of paper mulberry bast fiber and waste paper, and consequently it has raised many problems using them. This study was carried out to investigate the characteristics of Hanji mixed with paper mulberry bast part and whole stalk pulps. Hanjis made from the solfomethylated pulp were shown higher brightness and sheet strengths than those from alkali and alkali-hydrogen peroxide pulps. The brightness of solfomethylated pulp was found to be high enough not to need additional bleaching. The sheet formations were improved as the increase of whole stalk pulp contents, while the sheet strengths were decreased. In the physical properties of the Hanji mixed with bast part and whole stalk pulps, the handsheet strengths were decreased as the increase of the whole stalk pulp contents. The tensile strength and folding endurance of the Hanji containing 40∼60% of whole stalk pulps were higher as compared to the others.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.37 no.2 s.110
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• pp.78-86
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• 2005

Hwaseonji(Korean traditional paper) used for writing and painting has been made from the mulberry bast-fiber and the short-length fiber pulps, wood pulps. However, besides wood pulps, other short-length fiber pulps also can be used instead of wood pulps. Hence, this research was carried out to make the various Hwaseonjis with the different properties, using the five kinds of short-length fiber pulps respectively. The short-length fiber pulps used in this research were softwood bleached kraft pulp(SwBKP) hardwood bleached kraft pulp(HwBKP), rice-straw bleached sulfite pulp(RsBSP), bamboo bleached kraft pulp(BbBKP) and recycled pulp from vellem paper(RP). And, the mixture ratios of the mulberry bast-fiber pulp and short-length fiber pulps were 100:0, 80:20, 60:40, 40:60 and 20:80. After various Hwaseonjis were made from different mixtures mentioned above with hand-made method, physical properties and chinese ink blot property of each paper were measured. The strengthes were the highest in the Hwaseonji made from the mixture of the mulberry bast-fiber pulp and SwBKP. However, chinese ink blot property and smoothness were better when RsBSP, BbBKP or RP were mixed into the mulberry bast-fiber pulp. As a result, the various kinds of Hwaseonjis which the users can choose based on their needs were made.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.59-66
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• 2011

This study was carried out to develop the automation bark peeling process of paper mulberry for making Hanji. Nowadays, almost raw material has been imported from south-east asia for making Hanji. Raw material dependence is very high for Hanji-making by low productivity in korea. This study is focused on the resolution for problem of bark peeling automation. Water and sand jet of compressed air was possible bark peeling for black bast fiber. The effect of removing black bast fiber increased the longer the steaming time. Also using drum of bark peeling showed that results under temperature $80^{\circ}C$ and Rpm 50/min were best bark peeling and separating bast fiber from stem. The contents of holocellulose, lignin, ethanol-benzene extractives, and ash were 91.63~95.55%, 1.4~2.0%, 1.12~1.65%, and 1.4~4.3%, respectively. Chemical characteristics are similar between imported raw-material with drum bark.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.83-89
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• 1999

Bast fibers of paper mulberry ( Broussonetia Kazinoki Sieb) were cooked with a weak alkaline salt, potassium carbonate which has been known as a major inorganic component of the traditional lye, and its cooking characteristics were investigated . The bast fiber was easily cooked by potassium carbonate. The pulp yield was rapidly decreased up to 20-30 mol of potassium carbonate, but the Kappa number was slowly decreased with increasing of potassium carbonate. The potassium carbonate pulps were easily defibered at low cooking chemical charge of 25mm on and high pulp yield of about 80%. These results were confirmed that pectin was easily removed during the potassium carbonate cooking. In contrast, when sodium carbonate was used as a cooling agent, the bast fiber was only partially defibered. Thus, sodium carbonate was a less effective cooling chemical of the bast fiber. The results of this experiment indicated that potassium carbonate could not only be used as a good cooling agent of bast fiber, but also as an alternative agent of sodium hydroxide.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.96-104
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• 1999

Anatomical and chemical properties of three mulberry species (Morus spp) were analyzed as an alternative row material for the paper mulberry (Broussonetia kazinoki) . The pulping and papermaing characteristics of bast fiber and whole stalks by three different pulping processes, conventional alkali, alkali-hydrogen peroxide, and sulfomethylated, for the Hanji were investigated. The fiber dimension of M.bombycis was the biggest of the species. The fiber length of upper part and the fiber width and cell wall thickness of lower part were bigger than the others. The extractives and ash contents of bast fiber were higher than those of whole stalk , and holocellulose and lignin contents of whole stalk were higher than those of bast fiber. The pulp yields of M.alba bast fiber, M.bombycis whole stalk, and sufomethylated pulping were higher than the others.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.7-16
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• 2019

The objective of this study was the development of a discrimination model for the cultivational origin of paper mulberry bast fiber and Hanji using near infrared (NIR) and mid infrared (MIR) spectroscopy combined with partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). Paper mulberry bast fiber was purchased in 10 different regions of Korea, and used to make Hanji. PLS-DA was performed using pre-treated FT-NIR and FT-MIR spectral data for paper mulberry bast fiber and Hanji. PLS-DA of paper mulberry bast fiber and Hanji samples, using FT-NIR spectral data, showed 100 % performance in cross validation and the confusion matrix (accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity). The discrimination models showed four regional groups which demonstrated clearer separation and much superior score plots in the NIR spectral data-based model than in the MIR spectral data-based model. Furthermore, the discrimination model based on the NIR spectral data of paper mulberry bast fiber had highly similar score morphology to that of the discrimination model based on the NIR spectral data of Hanji.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.74-84
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• 1998

This study was carried out to investigate the papermaking characteristics of paper mulberry(Broussonetia kazinoki) for new Korean traditional paper(Hanji). Hanji has been traditionally made only with the bast fiber of paper mulberry. Besides mulberry bast part, wood core was utilized separately or in mixed forms as raw materials for the new Hanji. Hanjis made from the solfomethylated pulp were shown higher brightness and sheet strengths than those from alkali and alkali-hydrogen peroxide pulps. The brightness of solfomethylated pulp was found to be high enough not to need additional bleaching. In the physical properties of the Hanjis mixed with bast part and wood core pulps, the handsheet strengths were decreased as the increase of the wood core pulp contents. But the sheet strengths of Hanjis containing 10∼30% of wood core pulps were higher than those of the Hanji containing bast part pulp only. The sheet formations were improved as the increase of wood core pulp contents, while the sheet strengths were decreased.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.74-82
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• 2011

The bast fiber of Paper mulberry has been generally used as a fibrous raw material in traditional Hanji-making. Nowadays, its uses is expanded to different special purposes such as paper mulberry yarn, laminated paper, antimicrobial paper depending on its application. Despite the wide array of the use of mulberry fibers, it is still limited due to some difficulties in the automation process of manufacturing works. This study is focused on the analysis of chemical components and morphological properties of paper mulberry bark for the automation of bark peeling process. The bast tissue of paper mulberry was separated in three plies; black outer layer, green inner layer, and white inner layer. The total lignin content, holocelluloses, extractives and ashes, and the anatomical structure of the three layers in mulberry bark tissue were investigated. The analysis showed that the black outer layer is composed of about 50% of total lignin content, whereas the white inner layer is composed of about 90% of holocellulose content.