• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제55권1호
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• pp.305-321
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• 2022

부여 응평리 석실묘는 두 개체를 합장한 형태로 피장자 간의 상관관계 및 석실묘의 성격에 대해 조사하였다. 부여 응평리 석실묘는 지리적 입지·공반유물·출토인골을 통해 백제 사비기에 위계가 있는 도성민 혹은 지방관료로 추정할수 있었다. 본 연구는 인골 특성에 적합한 수습 및 보존처리와 함께 과학적 분석을 수행한 결과이다. 현장에서 출토되는 인골 수습에서 가장 중요한 사항은 과학적 분석용 시료를 제외한 잔존 뼈들에 대한 강화제의 종류와 농도이다. 부여 응평리 인골의 경우 paraloid B-72를 사용하였으며 현장에서 강화 처리 시 사용했던 약품을 동일하게 사용하여 표면의 이물질 제거·강화·접합 등 최소한의 보존처리를 수행하였다. 토양의 영향으로 인골의 외부 형태 식별이 어려운 경우 X-ray와 CT촬영 자료를 활용하였다. 안정동위원소와 DNA분석을 수행하기 앞서 근적외선 분석을 진행하였으며 그 결과를 토대로 시료 채취 부위를 선정하였다. 인골의 콜라겐을 이용하는 탄소·질소 안정동위원소 분석의 경우 콜라겐의 수율이 3.8~6.1%로 나타났으며 안정동위원소비는 EBW, EBE 개체 각각 δ¹³C -18.3‰±0.1‰, -19.0‰±0.1‰이고, δ¹⁵N 10.7‰±0.5‰, 10.6‰±0.1‰로 확인되었다. 두 개체는 C₃ 식물을 위주로 약간의 잡곡류를 함께 섭취했고, 단백질은 육상 동물로부터 공급되었을 것으로 판단된다. 또한 두 개체의 데이터 편차가 근소하여 유사한 식이를 하였을 것으로 추정된다. DNA 분석의 경우 증폭이 불가능하여 결과를 얻기 어려웠으며 이는 시료의 보존상태 등을 연관 지어 보았을 때 DNA가 극미량으로 잔존하여 증폭에 어려움이 있었을 것으로 생각된다. 부여 응평리 유적 석실묘에서 출토된 인골의 경우 안정동위원소분석 및 DNA 분석과 근적외선 분석의 연관성은 도출하기 어려웠으며 뼈의 보존상태 평가를 위한 추가 분석이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 보존과학연구
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• 통권22호
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• pp.5-25
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• 2001

The germicidal and insecticidal properties of volatile components extracted from star anise(Illicium verum Hooker filius) and clove (Eugenia caryophyllata THUNBERG)were evaluated against five microorganisms and three insects for the purpose of developing biocidal active substances from medicinal plants. The volatile components of star anise and clove showed strong antimicrobial effect against Aspergillus niger, Penicillium funiculosum, Mucor hiemalis, Trichoderma viride, and Aureobasidium pullulans. The extracts of each medicine also showed insecticidal effects against Sitophilusoryzae L., Lyctus linearis GOZE, and Reticulitermes spertus kyushuensis Morimoto. Fumigant toxicities to adult insects were determined. In the case of fumiganttoxicity, the extract of star anise showed 100% mortality against R. spertus, S.oryzae, and L. linearis at rates of $2.5\mu\ell$, $50\mu\ell$, $250\mu\ell$/filter paper, respectively but showed no killing effects by clove. The volatile components of star anise and clove were investigated by means of GC/MS. The main constitute, anethole among 20components from star anise and eugenol among 9 components from clove were identified. The mixture of star anise and clove as the volume ratio of 2 : 1 showed higher properties for antimicrobial and insecticidal effect than each volatile component. A. niger was inhibited by the mixture(125ml/$m^3$) for up to 10 days of exposure. Also, from the result of observing state change of organic materials by volatile extracts of star anise and clove, volatile extracts effects have no effect on natural organic materials of organic cultural properties and can be used as biological control agent. As research contents as above, the insecticidal and germicidal agents from star anise and clove and the mixture of them were more efficient and high level to prevent biological damage for conservation of organic cultural properties. So they may be used in new development of biologicalinsecticidal and germicidal agents for conservation of cultural properties.

• 한국철도학회논문집
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.394-401
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• 2012

철도는 육상수송수단으로서 18세기부터 사용되고 왔는데, 근대적 개념의 철도는 증기기관의 이용이 그 정의로 사용되며, 영국 북서부에서 Stockton & Darlington Railway가 증기기관차 운행을 개시한 것이 그 효시가 되었다. 체계화된 운행시스템을 가진 증기기관차 운행 전용철도로서는 영국의 Manchester & Liverpool Railway가 시작이다. 이러한 역사를 가진 철도는 각국에서 여러 가지 모양으로 발전되었고 시간이 지남에 따라 보존되고 있다. 특히 철도를 최초로 운영한 영국은 다양한 형태의 철도문화유산 보존체계를 가지고 있다. 또한, 아시아에서는 철도분야에서 가장 빠른 발전과 민영화 경험을 가진 일본도 체계적인 철도문화유산보존 시스템을 구축하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 영국과 일본의 양국 철도문화유산제도와 사례비교를 통해 우리나라에 주는 시사점을 살펴보고자 한다. 본 논문의 연구방법은 비교연구의 방식을 채택하였는데, 양국이 가진 법과 제도 및 운영사례 비교분석을 통해 비교와 시사점을 도출하는 방식으로 전개하였다.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.15-32
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• 2017

This article's aim is to review the jurisprudence which has emerged pursuant to the international dispute settlement provisions and to provide a provisional expectation as to the future of international dispute settlement under "UNCLOS". Globally, marine fisheries play an important role in ocean biodiversity and the food security of millions of people, providing a vital source of high-quality dietary protein and supporting individuals' livelihoods and income. In the 1982 Convention, the establishment of co-operative mechanisms for effective monitoring, control, surveillance and enforcement, decision-making procedures facilitating the adoption of such measures of conservation and management, and the promotion of the peaceful settlement of disputes are called for. In this study, 'Northeast Asian Sea' means that the Yellow/East China Sea, the East Sea, the Ohotsk Sea, the Kamchaka Sea, the Alaska Sea, and the Bering Sea surrounded by Korea, China, Japan, Russia, U.S.A. and Canada including their EEZs. There are several bilateral fisheries agreements existing in Northeast Asian area, the Fisheries Agreement between Republic Korea and Japan, between Republic of Korea and China, between China and Japan, between Republic Korea and U.S.A., between Republic Korea and Russia, between Russia and Japan, And there are several regional fisheries organizations existing in Northeast Asian area, for example NPAFC(Convention for the Conservation of Anadromous Stocks in the North Pacific Ocean), CBSPC (Convention on the Central Bering Sea Pollack Conservation), PICES(North Pacific Marine Science Organization), NPFC(North Pacific Fishery Commi-ssion) etc. It analyzed the proliferation of bilateral treaties and multilateral treaties due to the adoption of the EEZ in Northeast Asia reviewed the strengthening of management rights on the high seas marine living resources and marine environment preservation of regional fisheries organizations. In view of the changes in the international fisheries mechanism this paper suggested the future direction of the country in overseas fisheries. We concluded as follows. We shall apply bilateral treaties first, regional fisheries organizations' treaties secondly, and provisions under "UNCLOS" for dispute settlement last.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.177-197
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• 1998

Korean fisheries industry is surrounding by domestic and international difficulties due to the effectuation of the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea and declaration by many coastal states of 200-mile Exclusive Economic Zone and acceleration of ocean pollution in global recognition increasing of the importance of the ocean Resource enhancement policy in Korea fisheries industry is very important strategy fer the fostering of the fisheries resource and proper conservation and management of the coastal and off-shore living marine. Among resource enhancement policy, artificial reefs project has been the most effective strategy. The objectives of this paper are to find the economic effects of artificial reefs. The sampling artificial reefs is constructed at Suiido with 6~7m height. In order to analyze the fishing effect of artificial reefs, a few research have been conducted since 1975. For these analysis focuses on the side of scientific effect of artificial reefs, we analyzed on the side of economic effect. The results of the economic effects of artificial reefs are as follows ; First, the fishing effect analysis by using the NPV method in artificial reefs of Suiido ground prove to be economic feasibility. Second, the major socio-economic effect from artificial reefs include the increasing of recreation fishing, maintenance of fishing community, protection illegal fishing, conservation of coastal environment, and enlargement of advanced fisheries supply. Based on the above results, we conclude that artificial reefs project not only contributes to the welfare of fishermen by increasing of economic income, but enlarges to socio-economic gains by protection of illegal fishing and conservation coastal environment and so on.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제33권8호
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• pp.1315-1324
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• 2009

This study is on the consolidation process of the conservation process of fabric with golden thread found in relics. Gold film was glued to pieces of Korean paper and satin using hide glue, which is a natural adhesive and resin Paraloid B-72, which is a liquid type adhesive. This study examines the types and concentration of the adhesives that are appropriate for consolidating gold film on fabric. The advantage of hide glue is that it is harmless to humans and has a high stability. This glue is also believed to be the closest to the adhesive that was used when the relic was originally made. Its weakness is that it is stiff and weaker than chemical glues, but after being washed with water the adhesion level increases. Therefore, hide glue is appropriate in the following instances: a) when washing after consolidation b) when the substrate of gold threads are significantly damaged, and c) when treating greater sized relics that take a longer time to work on. However, Paraloid B-72 has a better adhesion and flexibility than hide glue, but tends to spread out into a greater area, and the area where it is applied tends to absorb less water than before the application. In addition, it is noxious and can be harmful in long-term exposure. Therefore, Paraloid-72 is appropriate in the following instances: a) when consolidating the fabric after washing, and b) when working on smaller relics and consolidating smaller parts of a relic. The necessary concentration levels for consolidants for gold film are 30% for liquid type hide glue and at least 10% for Paraloid B-72 in order for the gold film to stay intact on the fabric during washing, consolidation, exhibition, and conservation.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.1738-1756
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• 2020

To improve the accuracy and realism of the virtual surgical simulation system, this paper proposes an optimized mass-spring model with shape restoration ability based on volume conservation to simulate soft tissue deformation. The proposed method constructs a soft tissue surface model that adopts a new flexion spring for resisting bending and incorporates it into the mass-spring model (MSM) to restore the original shape. Then, we employ the particle swarm optimization algorithm to achieve the optimal solution of the model parameters. Besides, the volume conservation constraint is applied to the position-based dynamics (PBD) approach to maintain the volume of the deformable object for constructing the soft tissue volumetric model base on tetrahedrons. Finally, we built a simulation system on the PHANTOM OMNI force tactile interaction device to realize the deformation simulation of the virtual liver. Experimental results show that the proposed model has a good shape restoration ability and incompressibility, which can enhance the deformation accuracy and interactive realism.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.17-63
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• 1995

The exploration of Mathematics-learningmodel on the basis of Cognitive development The purpose of this paper is to sequenctialize Mathematics-learning contents, and to explore teaching-learning model for mathematics, with on the basis of the theory of cognitive development and the period of condservation formation for children. The Specific topics are as follows: (1) Systemizing those theories of cognitive development which are related to Mathematics - learning for children. (2) Organizing a sequence of Mathematics - learning, on the basis of experimental research for the period of conservation formation for children. (3) Comparing the effects of 4 types of teaching - learning model, on the basis of inference activity and operational learning principle. $\circled1$ Induction-operation(IO) $\circled2$ Induction-explanation(IE) $\circled3$ Deduction-operation(DO) $\circled4$ Deduction-explanation(DE) The results of the subjects are as follows: (1) Cognitive development theory and Mathe-matics education. $\circled1$ Congnitive development can be achieved by constant space and Mathematics know-ledge is obtained by the interaction of experience and reason. $\circled2$ The stages of congnitive development for children form a hierarchical system, its function has a continuity and acts orderly. Therefore we need to apply cognitive development for children to teach mathematics systematically and orderly. (2) Sequence of mathematical concepts. $\circled1$ The learning effect of mathematical concepts occurs when this coincides with the period of conservation formation for children. $\circled2$ Mathematics Curriculum of Elementary Schools in Korea matches with the experimental research about the period of Piaget's conservation formation. (3) Exploration of a teaching-learning model for mathematics. $\circled1$ Mathematics learning is to be centered on learning by experience such as observation, operation, experiment and actual measurement. $\circled2$ Mathematical learning has better results in from inductional inference rather than deductional inference, and from operational inference rather than explanatory inference.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.52-61
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• 2001

At least, there are intense pressures on the natural habitats from various disturbance, including urbanization, extension of industrial area, and road construction. These human land use result in fragmentation of landscape and natural habitat. The ecological consequences of habitat fragmentation include the direct effects of habitat loss and the indirect effects of reduced inter-patch dispersal. The decline of biological diversity has been rapidly declined by the habitat loss and fragmentation. Conservation strategists should consider not only the habitat amount of that must be preserved, but also the spatial configuration of habitat across the landscape. But, the paucity of available data for most species forces landscape ecologists to develop the concept, model, and theory. The developed theories are often misused in academic papers and practical applications. The development history, presumption of concept, model, theory is ignored. This tendency have leaded to failure of landscape restoration and the use of theory in conservation practice have come under increasing attacks. This paper will highlight the ecological theory that have proven the most influential in landscape ecology, restoration and conservation : the theory of island biogeography, the theory of nested subset analysis, minimum viable population(MVP), the theory of metapopulation dynamics. And, it find the problem and usefulness of four theory in application to real world. Consequently, the understanding of theoretical implication about landscape ecological theory is required. We must carefully apply the theory after examining the problem and availability of various theory because of no existence of only one general theory.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.51-56
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• 1996

This paper deals with the restoration of ancient wooden bridge foundation which excavated in Seta river Shiga Prefecture, Japan. Shiga Archeological Research started a marine archeological investigation of the bridge foundation in 1987. The bridge foundation stricture excavated and have since then recovered about a lots of woods and another materials. The bridge foundation structure constructed log, timbers and stones. The species of those waterlogged wood were identified as two types, hardwood and softwood. Hardwood(log : Cyclobalanopsis) was used for below foundation and softwood (timber' Chamaecyparis obtusa Endl. Cupreessaceae) was used for base structure. One of those timber sample dated by dendrochronology, we asked Dr. Misutani*. The softwood gave a felling date of 567 A.D. In result, the ancient Seta bridge foundation structure had constructed between Asuka and Nara period. We healed the news that ancient bridge foundation excavated at Woljyongyo site in Kyongju, Korea 1987. The bridge foundation Setakarahashi is similar in plane and structure to Woljyongyo structures. The Woljyongyo site report had be of value for reference. We had planning to restore those woods. Hardwood log was got serious damage. The water content varies from 400 to $600\%$. The other timbers water content varies about $200\%$. In the Shiga Center for Archaeological Operations and the Azuchi Castle Archaeological Museum, we set up the PEG impregnation tank. Those wooden objects treated by PEG method. PEG with a molecular weight of 4000. The treatment results may be considered satisfactory. The ancient wooden Seta bridge was reconstructed in Biwako Museum which established in Oct. 1996. We must take care of indoor exhibition environments. (*Nara National Cultual Properties Research Institute).