• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.219-229
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• 1993

The purpose of this study is to investigate college science students' and science teachers' understanding of chromosomal behavior in the context of cell division. The research problems were as follows: 1. What is the level of college science students' understandings of chromosomal behaviors? 2. What is the level of science teachers' understandings of chromosomal behaviors? 3. What is the level of understanding by grade and major area? The sample consisted of 28 sophomore, 17 junior and 23 senior biology students; and 23 middle school science teachers and 14 high school biology teachers. The instrument of the study was a short answer required paper and pencil test. The results of the study were as follows: 1) About 15 percent of the sample could not count the number of chromosome in a cell in appropriate. 2) Seventy percent of the students, and 80 percent of the teachers identified homologous chromosomes as ones with the similar shape and size, and 30 percent of the whole sample could not pair two homologous chromosomes. 3) About 70 percent of the students and 30 percent of the teachers could not mark corresponding allele on chromosome. 4) Biology major students showed higher understanding of overall chromosomal behaviors than non Biology students. Based upon the results, some implications were made. The major one was a development of a teaching model in which students can improve the ability to connect chromosome theory to mendelian genetics.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.820-830
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose was to develop a preliminary scale to measure Korean adolescents' health behaviors through a qualitative approach, to evaluate the scale psychometrically, and to develop a final scale. Methods: Participants were 61 adolescents for qualitative interviews and 1,687 adolescents for the psychometric evaluation. Procedure included content analysis of interviews to identify health behavior categories for Korean adolescents, pre-test to confirm that preliminary scale items were understandable, content validity by an expert panel, development of the web-based computer-assisted survey (CAS), and psychometric analysis to determine reliability and validity of the final scale. Results: A final scale was developed for both paper-and-pencil and CAS. It consisted of 14 health behaviors (72 items), including stress and mental health (10), sleep habits (5), dietary habits (12), weight control (4), physical activity (4), hygiene habits (5), tobacco use (5), substance use (2), alcohol consumption (4), safety (4), sexual behavior (9), computer use (3), health screening (4), and posture (1). Conclusion: The scale's strong points are: 1) Two thirds of the final scale items are Likert scale items, enabling calculation of a health behavior score. 2) The scale is appropriate to Korean culture. 3) The scale focuses on concrete health behaviors, not abstract concepts.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.173-183
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• 2005

In this study, we questioned what assessment types and scoring methods of science performance assessment(SPA) were being used in middle and high school, and how much these SPA scores were reliable(generalizable). To answer these questions, SPA data obtained from the seven schools were classified according to assessment type and scoring method. Based upon this classification, we analyzed the reliability by applying generalizability theory. The result, from the classification of assessment type and scoring method, showed that SPA types of the seven schools were divided into two types: paper-pencil type and task type. Paper-pencil type included answer(content)-restricted essay-type test solely. Task type has two parts: process and outcome assessment. As the results of analyzing scoring methods of the seven schools, there were two cases in the way of scoring methods: one case is scoring all essay-type items and performance tasks by one teacher, the other is scoring assigned performance tasks by two teachers. But the case of scoring assigned essay-type items or the case of cross scoring by two or more teachers were not found. The findings of the reliability analysis are as follows: (1) Effect of essay-type item to SPA score was larger than that of performance task. (2) There was remarkable difference among the seven schools' interaction effect of person and rater in scoring performance tasks. (3) Most of generalizability(reliability) coefficients of SPA for the seven schools were smaller than the acceptable generalizability coefficient(0.80). Therefore, the population of statistical parameters such as number of item, task and rater, should be increased for approaching the acceptable generalizability level.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.944-956
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate students' conceptions of the simple electric circuit using a battery and a bulb. 19 fourth grade students from a rural elementary school in Korea participated in this study. Data on the children's understandings of electric circuit were collected through three sources; prediction tests, drawing tests and individual interviews. The prediction tests were paper and pencil tests composed of 10 problems, predicting whether bulbs in 10 simple circuit diagrams would light. For each prediction, the children were asked to provide a written explanation of their thinking. The drawing tests consisted of 6 problems. One was to draw the inside of the bulb base, and the others were to make the wire connections between a battery and a bulb in the diagrams, to light the bulb. The interviews were conducted with seven children who showed differing degrees of understanding. No student was aware of the wire connections inside the bulb base. Many students stated whether the bulb would light or not, according to the tip of the bulb contacting the positive battery terminal and an end of wire contacting the negative battery terminal. Most of them thought that the tip of the bulb should contact the positive battery terminal, so that the bulb would light. In short, students did not use a scientific conception of electric current to predict and explain the electric circuit.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.463-467
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• 2012

This study aims to empirically investigate population stereotype of burner-control linkage of four-stove gas range for Koreans. Background: The previous studies' results for gas range stereotypes were different depending upon methods adopted, i.e., whether using questionnaires, computer simulation or physical models. It is known that the physical model experiment should not be methodologically replaced by the computer simulation or paper-and-pencil tests. Stereotype of gas range for Koreans was surveyed based on questionnaires, but has not been dealt with by using physical models. Method: An experiment was conducted to investigate stereotype of four-burner gas range, in which 32 subjects participated and a real gas range available in the market was bought and used. Four types of burner-control linkage were used as independent variable, and reaction time as dependent variable. Results: ANOVA revealed that four types of burner-control linkage and subjects' gender were not significant on reaction time. Duncan's multiple range test showed that reaction times for type III was significantly lower than those for the other three types of burner-control linkage(${\alpha}$=0.05). Conclusion: It is concluded based on the results of this study that stereotype of gas range for Koreans is type III. This is in agreement with results of existing studies using questionnaire survey, while different from those based on physical models. Application: The results of this study would be useful as an ergonomic guideline when designing gas ranges or similar equipments for minimizing operation errors.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.389-394
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• 2011

The aims of this study are to investigate the Korean population stereotype for control-display linkage of four-burner gas-range, and to compare the results of this study with those of the existing studies. The investigation used a paper-pencil test using questionnaire with a sign code system for eliminating suggestive effect of sequential code. Two hundreds and eighty subjects participated in the investigation, among whom 254 subjects effectively responded to question for the gas-range stereotype. The results showed that type III(refer to Table 2) was chosen more frequently than type II, IV and V(p<0.01). The gender is not significant on responding rate for the type of control-burner linkage(p>0.92), while the age and occupation have significant effect on the rate(p<0.01). Based on this study, it appears that type III represents the population stereotype of control-burner arrangement for Korean. The stereotype was the same as that of Chinese, but different from that of American(type II or IV). The findings of this study would be helpful as basic data for ergonomically designing gas-range or similar products.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.235-259
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• 2007

The purpose of the present study is to develop a prototype automated scoring system for English writing. The system was developed for scoring writings of Korean middle school students. In order to develop the automated scoring system, following procedures have been applied. First, review and analysis of established automated essay scoring systems in other countries have been accomplished. By doing so, we could get the guidance for development of a new sentence-level automated scoring system for Korean EFL students. Second, knowledge base such as lexicon, grammar and WordNet for natural language processing and error corpus of English writing of Korean middle school students were established. Error corpus was established through the paper and pencil test with 589 third year middle school students. This study provided suggestions for the successful introduction of an automated scoring system in Korea. The automated scoring system developed in this study should be continuously upgraded to improve the accuracy of the scoring system. Also, it is suggested to develop an automated scoring system being able to carry out evaluation of English essay, not only sentence-level evaluation. The system needs to be upgraded for the improved precision, but, it was a successful introduction of an sentence-level automated scoring system for English writing in Korea.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.92-103
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• 1995

Since the late of 1960,s, the improvement of science inquiry skills has been one of the most important goals in secondary science education. To achieve this goal, it is essential to develop a valid and reliable instrument for evaluating science inquiry skills. The purpose of this study is to develop a valid and reliable instrument for evaluating science inquiry skills for high school students. The instrument is developed through R & D procedure, which includes two field trials of the instrument. This study has formed a clear definition of the elements of science inquiry skills (formulating a hypothesis, controlling variables, designing an experiment, numeric calculation, graphing experimental data, inference, determining relationship, determining causalities, predicting experimental results , drawing a conclusion, formulating a generalization or model), and established the goals of assessment and developed the items of assessment. The instrument, Test of Earth Science Inquiry Skills, consists of 33 items which measure 11 science inquiry skills. There are content-free items for each science inquiry skills. This study has selected 11 science inquiry skills which are considered appropriate for being evaluated by paper-and-pencil test with SIEI (Hur,1984). The content validity of items, objectivity of the scoring keys and clarity of the items were checked by six experienced specialists in science education. At the same time, the two field trials has been executed and produced the reliability of the instrument, item difficulty index, and the effectiveness of distracters. The first field trial was performed using a sample of 304 high school students, and the second one using a sample of 872 high school students. Because the content validity is 84 % and the reliability (K-R 20) is 0.84, the developed instrument in this study is considered valid and reliable. The difficulty index is 49.4 %, answer ratio 59.1 %, the discrimination index 0.47 and the effectiveness of distracters evenly distributed, which also suffice the criteria of good instrument. The developed instrument in this study can diagnosis the well-developed science inquiry skills and the ill-developed science inquiry skills of the students, and trace the degree of the improvement of science inquiry skills.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.21-33
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• 1985

This study was conducted to ascertain whether a didactic mode of instruction, favored students who indicated a preference for left hemispheric information processing. The subjects were 50 fifth grade students whose California Achievement Test score percentile ranks were between 50 - 80. They were randomly selected from one elementary school in Chapel Hill, NC, USA. All Ss completed the Form CC of "Your Style of Learning and Thinking" (Torrance and McCarthy, 1980) which is a paper/pencil inventory designed to categorize the subjects according to their hemispheric preference for processing information; right hemisphere, left hemisphere, and integrated. Then all Ss received a didactic mode of instruction, a verbal question/answer followed by teacher's reading of a fictional animal story, "The Chinese Bee-eater". After completion of instruction, the Ss were asked to respond to eighteen open-ended questions about the animal. Eight of the 50 subjects were found to fall into the right hemisphere style of information processing group; fourteen into left; and fourteen into integrated. The remaining fourteen could not be assigned to either of these three categories and were not included in the analysis of the results. the mean scores of the comprehensive test among hemispheric groups and among sex groups. A two way analysis of variance also presented no significant differences among the hemispheric preference combined by sex groups. These results failed to prove the research hypothesis that students who indicate a preference for left hemispheric information processing will have higher scores on a comprehensive test after receiving a didactic mode of instruction, the so-called left style of instruction. Some limits in research process and conceptual confusion about hemisphericity were discussed. Finally, it was suggested that educators need to be more careful in drawing educational implications from neurological hemispheric research.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.10-17
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• 2008

The purpose of this thesis is to reduce of error for source location through acoustic emission(AE) signal, generated elastic wave from crack growth to leak for facility diagnosis. Especially, in order to overcome noise from original signal, this paper proposed enhancement of source location by using noise reduction based on wavelet transform. To evaluate actual performance in experiments, Pencil Lead Break is used crack signal source on the aluminum plate and drain valve of air compressor is used as substitute pressure vessel to generate leak signal. In signal processing, wavelet shrinkage and soft threshold are used to discriminate signal source and then source location techniques have been effectively used with group velocity using material property and time difference between sensor using cross correlation. Source location for crack and leak test have some difference, but the result show that improved 30% with a average length within 10.46mm in crack test and improved 2% compare with average filter in leak test when we applied wavelet transform.