• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제56권6호
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• pp.515-522
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• 2019

Since Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) is normally carried at 1.1 bar pressure and at -163℃, special Cargo Containment System (CCS) are used. As LNG carrier is becoming larger, typical LNG insulation systems adopt a method to increase the thickness of insulation panel to reduce sloshing load and Boil-off Rate (BOR). However, this will decrease LNG cargo volume and increase insulation material costs. In this paper, silica aerogel, glass bubble were synthesized in polyurethane foam to increase volumetric efficiency by improving mechanical and thermal performance of insulation. In order to increase dispersibility of particles, ultrasonic dispersion was used. Dynamic impact test, quasi-static compression test at room temperature (20℃) and cryogenic temperature (-163℃) was evaluated. To evaluate the thermal performance, the thermal conductivity at room temperature (20℃) was measured. As a result, specimens without ultrasonic dispersion have a little effect on strength under the compressive load, although they show high mechanical performance under the impact load. In contrast, specimens with ultrasonic dispersion have significantly increased impact strength and compressive strength. Recently, as the density of Polyurethane foam (PUF) has been increasing, these results can be a method for improving the mechanical and thermal performance of insulation panel.

• 한국콘텐츠학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘텐츠학회 2008년도 춘계 종합학술대회 논문집
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• pp.602-606
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• 2008

LCD는 BLU를 통해 빛을 공급받고 공급 받은 빛은 각각의 칼라필터에 의해 색을 부여받으며 상판과 하판 glass 사이의 액정을 제어함으로서 빛의 양을 조절한다. 하지만 액정의 구조적 물리적 특성상 빛을 완벽히 차단하는 것은 현재 불가능하므로 광학 sheet와 액정을 통과하면서 많은 양의 손실을 겪게된다. 이는 에너지 효율과도 관련이 있으며 더 나아가 Contrast에도 큰 영향을 미치게 되어 다른 디스플레이 장치에 비해 Contrast ratio가 상당히 낮아질 수 있다. 이에 따른 해결 기술이 많이 개발되고 있으나 근본적인 해결책이 될 수 없었다. 그 중 한가기 예가 LCD에 적용되는 Dimming 기술로서 본 논문은 소비전력을 감소시키면서 영상의 화질을 적절히 표현하기 위하여 LCD의 광원으로 사용되는 LED BLU에서 분할구동(Local Dimming)을 하기위해 요구되는 영상처리 알고리즘을 제안한다. 제안 알고리즘은 고속 신호처리가 가능한 FPGA를 이용하여 영상신호로부터 분할된 영역의 최대 밝기신호를 추출하고, BLU의 분할된 영역을 추출된 밝기로 개별 점등하는 동시에 분할영역의 밝기에 상응하는 영상신호를 생성 LCD Panel에 공급함으로써 명암비가 향상된 영상을 표현한다.

• 한국철도학회논문집
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.315-322
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• 2012

터널 내에서 고속철도 차량의 실내소음은 개활지 대비 5dB~7dB정도 증가한다. 그 원인은 터널 내 차체 외부의 음향 인텐시티가 급격히 증가하기 때문인데, 특히, 측면재의 외부에서는 개활지에 비해서 음향 인텐시티의 증가가 가장 크다. 따라서 터널 내에서는 차체의 측면을 통하여 음향파워의 투과 전달이 커질 가능성이 상당히 높다. 본 논문에서는 현재 개발중인 차세대 고속 철도차량의 터널 내 실내소음을 저감시키기 위한 종합적인 차음 전략을 제시하고자 한다. 이를 위하여 차체의 주요 차음재인 바닥 적층재, 측면 적층재 및 복층 유리창의 시편을 제작하여 ASTM E2249-02에 근거하여 투과손실 측정한다. 측정 데이터에 근거하여 차음 성능상의 문제점을 진단하고, 차음성능 향상을 위한 층별 개선 방안과 적층 구조의 개선 방안을 제시한다.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.451-461
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• 2010

장기 부식 등 일반적인 건설재료의 문제점을 보완할 수 있는 대체재료로서, 섬유강화 복합재료의 활용이 증대되고 있다. 하지만 일반적으로 선형의 섬유강화 복합재료를 아치형인 터널구조물의 부재로서 활용하는 데는 많은 문제점이 대두된다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 섬유강화 복합부재를 일정곡률로 인발성형 할 수 있는 신개념의 곡면 FRP 부재 성형장비를 개발하고 시제품을 생산하였으며, 시제품에 대한 물리적 특성 시험을 수행하였다. 이어, 곡면 FRP 시제품과 합체되어 제작된 콘크리트 복합부재에 대한 수치해석 검토 및 분석을 통하여 시제품의 터널 구조체로써의 적용성을 평가하였다. 수치해석적 적용성 검토 결과, 곡면 FRP 부재를 터널 구조물로 적용함에 있어서 터널 안정성을 충분히 확보할 수 있는 것으로 파악되었다.

• E2M - 전기 전자와 첨단 소재
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• 제12권7호
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• pp.7-11
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• 1999

Fully sealed field emission display in size of 4.5 inch has been fabricated using single-wall carbon nanotubes-organic vehicle com-posite. The fabricated display were fully scalable at low temperature below 415$^{\circ}C$ and CNTs were vertically aligned using paste squeeze and surface rubbing techniques. The turn-on fields of 1V/${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ and field emis-sion current of 1.5mA at 3V/${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ (J=90${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$/$\textrm{cm}^2$)were observed. Brightness of 1800cd/$m^2$ at 3.7V/${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ was observed on the entire area of 4.5-inch panel from the green phosphor-ITO glass. The fluctuation of the current was found to be about 7% over a 4.5-inch cath-ode area. This reliable result enables us to produce large area full-color flat panel dis-play in the near future. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have attracted much attention because of their unique elec-trical properties and their potential applica-tions [1, 2]. Large aspect ratio of CNTs together with high chemical stability. ther-mal conductivity, and high mechanical strength are advantageous for applications to the field emitter [3]. Several results have been reported on the field emissions from multi-walled nanotubes (MWNTs) and single-walled nanotubes (SWNTs) grown from arc discharge [4, 5]. De Heer et al. have reported the field emission from nan-otubes aligned by the suspension-filtering method. This approach is too difficult to be fully adopted in integration process. Recently, there have been efforts to make applications to field emission devices using nanotubes. Saito et al. demonstrated a car-bon nanotube-based lamp, which was oper-ated at high voltage (10KV) [8]. Aproto-type diode structure was tested by the size of 100mm $\times$ 10mm in vacuum chamber [9]. the difficulties arise from the arrangement of vertically aligned nanotubes after the growth. Recently vertically aligned carbon nanotubes have been synthesized using plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition(CVD) [6, 7]. Yet, control of a large area synthesis is still not easily accessible with such approaches. Here we report integra-tion processes of fully sealed 4.5-inch CNT-field emission displays (FEDs). Low turn-on voltage with high brightness, and stabili-ty clearly demonstrate the potential applica-bility of carbon nanotubes to full color dis-plays in near future. For flat panel display in a large area, car-bon nanotubes-based field emitters were fabricated by using nanotubes-organic vehi-cles. The purified SWNTs, which were syn-thesized by dc arc discharge, were dispersed in iso propyl alcohol, and then mixed with on organic binder. The paste of well-dis-persed carbon nanotubes was squeezed onto the metal-patterned sodalime glass throuhg the metal mesh of 20${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ in size and subse-quently heat-treated in order to remove the organic binder. The insulating spacers in thickness of 200${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ are inserted between the lower and upper glasses. The Y\ulcornerO\ulcornerS:Eu, ZnS:Cu, Al, and ZnS:Ag, Cl, phosphors are electrically deposited on the upper glass for red, green, and blue colors, respectively. The typical sizes of each phosphor are 2~3 micron. The assembled structure was sealed in an atmosphere of highly purified Ar gas by means of a glass frit. The display plate was evacuated down to the pressure level of 1$\times$10\ulcorner Torr. Three non-evaporable getters of Ti-Zr-V-Fe were activated during the final heat-exhausting procedure. Finally, the active area of 4.5-inch panel with fully sealed carbon nanotubes was pro-duced. Emission currents were character-ized by the DC-mode and pulse-modulating mode at the voltage up to 800 volts. The brightness of field emission was measured by the Luminance calorimeter (BM-7, Topcon).

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.46-56
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• 2018

본 논문은 경량칸막이 벽체재료의 수열온도에 따른 전도 열전달 특성에 관한 연구이다. 경량칸막이 벽체재료로 사용되고 있는 대표적인 소재인 일반석고보드, 방화석고보드를 포함하여 합판, 대리석, 내열유리를 실험시료로 선정하였고, 수열온도를 $100^{\circ}C$, $200^{\circ}C$, $300^{\circ}C$, $400^{\circ}C$, $500^{\circ}C$, $600^{\circ}C$로 설정하였다. 그 후 벽체재료 하단부에 각각의 수열온도를 30분 동안 인가하여 상단부인 이면부로의 전도 열전달 특성을 분석하였다. 실험결과 수열온도가 최대 $600^{\circ}C$로 인가됨에 따라 최대 이면온도는 일반석고보드 $190^{\circ}C$, 방화석고보드 $198^{\circ}C$, 합판 $189^{\circ}C$, 대리석 $321^{\circ}C$, 내열유리 $418^{\circ}C$까지 측정되었다. 또한, 수열온도가 최대 $600^{\circ}C$로 인가됨에 따라 전도 열전달율의 최대 변화폭은 일반석고보드 85 W, 방화 석고보드 95 W, 합판 67 W, 대리석 1686 W, 내열유리 3196 W 까지 측정되었다. 추가적으로 전도 열전달의 위험성을 가시적으로 확인하기 위해 벽지의 탄화특성 측정결과 수열온도 $600^{\circ}C$의 경우 부착된 벽지의 최초연기발생은 일반석고 보드 1021 s, 방화석고보드 978 s, 합판 1395 s, 대리석 167 s, 내열유리 20 s에 나타났고, 최초탄화발생은 일반석고보드 1115 s, 방화석고보드 1089 s, 합판 1489 s, 대리석 192 s, 내열유리 36 s에 나타났다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.509-515
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• 2009

The aim of this study is investigated greenhouse gas emissions of glass industry, and when calculates greenhouse gas emission, using formula(Tier 3) advising in IPCC(Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) and using self designed formula(Tier 3+) authors of this study. Studied to propose calculation formula that can compare these two calculation results and apply to domestic. Formula of Tier 3 calculated to theoretical composition of carbonate material, And Formula of Tier 3+ calculated on the basis of chemical substance formation table that get from glass manufacture company(The S company). As a result, Dolomite, Soda ash, Limestone, Industrial Barium carbonate is calculated value of Tier 3+ lower than value of Tier 3, And Industrial Potassium carbonate, Industrial Strontium carbonate was calculated value of Tier 3 lower than value of Tier 3. This study finding, formula of Tier 3+ has higher confidence than formula of Tier 3 when consider revision about purity of injection raw material. And hereafter, When calculate greenhouse gas emissions about nonmetallic mineral industry, use of Tier 3+ is considered that should be encouraged.

• 공업화학
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.612-619
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• 2016

폐 LCD 판넬로부터 회수된 폐 붕규산유리를 이용하여 흡음특성을 갖는 알루미늄 함유 붕규산유리발포체의 제조 가능성을 조사하였다. 입도 325 mesh 이하의 크기로 분쇄 조절된 폐 붕규산유리분말 100 g에 대해 발포제로서 탄소분을 0.3중량 분율, $Na_2CO_3$, $Na_2SO_4$, $CaCO_3$를 각각 1.5중량 분율, 기공조절제로서 $H_3BO_3$ 및 $Al_2O_3$를 각각 6.0 및 3.0 중량분율이 되도록 첨가한 원료 유리분말을 발포소성온도 $950^{\circ}C$에서 20 min간 발포를 진행함으로서 개기공률 45%를 갖는 발포체를 제조하였으며 이 경우 흡음률 0.5~0.7의 흡음 특성을 갖고 있음을 보여 주었다. 아울러 이 흡음성능을 지닌 알루미늄 함유 붕규산유리발포체는 밀도 $0.21g/cm^3$, 굽힘강도 $55N/cm^2$ 이상, 압축강도 $298N/cm^2$ 이상의 우수한 물성을 가지고 있어 다양한 용도에 내화학성 및 내열성의 흡음체로 사용될 수 있다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2008년도 하계학술대회 논문집 Vol.9
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• pp.66-66
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• 2008

Most of the properties of ITO films depend on their substrate nature, deposition techniques and ITO film composition. For the display panel application, it is normally deposited on the glass substrate which has high strain point (>575 degree) and must be deposited at a temperature higher than $250^{\circ}C$ and then annealed at a temperature higher than $300^{\circ}C$ in order to high optical transmittance in the visible region, low reactivity and chemical duration. But the high strain point glass (HSPG) used as FPDs is blocking popularization of large sizes FPDs because it is more expensive than a soda lime glass (SLG). If the SLG could be used as substrate for FPDs, then diffusion of Na ion from the substrate occurs into the ITO films during annealing or heat treatment on manufacturing process and it affects the properties. Therefore proper care should be followed to minimize Na ion diffusion. In this study, we investigate the electrical, optical and structural properties of ITO films deposited on the SLG and the Asahi glass(PD200) substrate by rf magnetron sputtering using a ceramic target ($In_2O_3:SnO_2$, 90:10wt.%). These films were annealed in $N_2$ and air atmosphere at $400^{\circ}C$ for 20min, 1hr, and 2hrs. ITO films deposited on the SLG show a high electrical resistivity and structural defect as compared with those deposited on the PD200 due to the Na ion from the SLG on diffuse to the ITO film by annealing. However these properties can be improved by introducing a barrier layer of $SiO_2$ or $Al_2O_3$ between ITO film and the SLG substrate. The characteristics of films were examined by the 4-point probe, FE-SEM, UV-VIS spectrometer, and X-ray diffraction. SIMS analysis confirmed that barrier layer inhibited Na ion diffusion from the SLG.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제59권4호
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• pp.207-213
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• 2022

LNG CCS which is a special type of cargo hold operated at -163℃ for transporting liquefied LNG is composed of a primary barrier, plywood, insulation panel, secondary barrier, and mastic. Currently, glass fiber is used to reinforce polyurethane foam. In this paper, we evaluated the possibility of replacing glass fiber-reinforced polyurethane foam with basalt fiber-reinforced polyurethane foam. We conducted a thermal conductivity test to confirm thermal performance at room temperature. To evaluate the mechanical properties between basalt and glass-fiber-reinforced polyurethane foam which is fiber content of 5 wt% and 10 wt%, tensile and an impact test was performed repeatedly. All of the tests were performed at room temperature and cryogenic temperature(-163℃) in consideration of the temperature gradient in the LNG CCS. As a result of the thermal conductivity test, the insulating performance of glass fiber reinforced polyurethane foam and basalt fiber reinforced polyurethane foam presented similar results. The tensile test results represent that the strength of basalt fiber-reinforced polyurethane foam is superior to glass fiber at room temperature, and there is a clear difference. However, the strength is similar to each other at cryogenic temperatures. In the impact test, the strength of PUR-B5 is the highest, but in common, the strength decreases as the weight ratio of the two fibers increases. In conclusion, basalt fiber-reinforced polyurethane foam has sufficient potential to replace glass fiber-reinforced polyurethane foam.