• The Korean Journal of Franchise Management
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.35-46
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• 2021

Purpose: The hotel industry needs a leader who can actively demonstrate leadership to respond to and accept changes in the organization in a highly competitive and fast-changing environment. Therefore, the role of leaders who instill clear vision and goals of the organization in their members, listen to their opinions, and empathize is paramount. Leaders should encourage successful organizational activities based on active participation by employees and create the best environment for working with a sense of mission and responsibility. This study aims to identify the relationship between empathy leadership and job engagement as a result variable of team cohesion in the hotel culinary department and conduct empirical studies on the role of empathy leadership and job engagement. Research design, data, and methodology: The data were collected from employees who work in culinary department at a five-star franchise hotel located in the Seoul metropolitan area. Because it is difficult to conduct a survey through face-to-face contact with employees due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the online survey was conducted from February 1 to February 28, 2020. A total of 330 questionnaires through online were distributed and 268 employees completed the survey, yielding a response rate of 81%. Of the 268 returned responses, 27 responses were not usable due to missing information. Thus, a total of 241 responses were used for analysis. Results: The study results are as follows. First, it has been shown that the empathy leadership of culinary department in hotel companies has a significant positive impact on the job engagement. Second, it has been shown that job engagement has a significant positive effect on members' team cohesiveness. Third, empathy leadership of hotel companies' culinary department has a significant positive impact on members' team cohesiveness. Fourth, job engagement has a significant positive (+) mediating effect in the relationship between empathy leadership and team cohesiveness in culinary department. Conclusion: This study supports the theory that an emotional and empathic leader's behavior or ability can change the effectiveness or atmosphere of a rapidly changing hotel culinary team organization by presenting a research model on the effect of empathic leadership on job engagement and team cohesiveness. And hotel chefs should be more aware of the importance of empathic leadership and make them a human resource of the organization through formal and informal communication with culinary employees.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.11
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• pp.411-421
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• 2020

There is a paucity of research on socialization of novice teachers that has been found to have influence on their career through studies in different subject fields in various regions. This study addresses how novice English teachers perceive their socialization at the first years. It aims to draw implications for novice teacher support for training and professional development. Data were obtained from a questionnaire survey. From the review of the relevant literature, six themes were identified as significant factors in novice teachers' socialization process: relationship with pupils, teaching, rapport with colleagues, support from headteachers, relationship with parents, and expectations from the society. There were 44 questions under six key factors. 99 secondary English novice teachers participated in the survey. The analysis of the gathered responses to each question reveals information on their socialization process to become a secondary English teacher including adaptation challenges for professional development, which have been neglected but are gaining more attention from different stakeholders. This is being increasingly supported in the time of the coronavirus (COIVD-19) pandemic crisis, disruption and recovery. The study is concluded with some implications for research on novice teacher induction, and teacher education policy and practice.

• BMB Reports
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• v.53 no.8
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• pp.400-412
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• 2020

The world has witnessed unimaginable damage from the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic. Because the pandemic is growing rapidly, it is important to consider diverse treatment options to effectively treat people worldwide. Since the immune system is at the hub of the infection, it is essential to regulate the dynamic balance in order to prevent the overexaggerated immune responses that subsequently result in multiorgan damage. The use of stem cells as treatment options has gained tremendous momentum in the past decade. The revolutionary measures in science have brought to the world mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and MSC-derived exosomes (MSC-Exo) as therapeutic opportunities for various diseases. The MSCs and MSC-Exos have immunomodulatory functions; they can be used as therapy to strike a balance in the immune cells of patients with COVID-19. In this review, we discuss the basics of the cytokine storm in COVID-19, MSCs, and MSC-derived exosomes and the potential and stem-cell-based ongoing clinical trials for COVID-19.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.509-519
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• 2021

This study was conducted in order to acquire useful information regarding the resilience of childcare educators amidst an emergency pandemic to adjust their job stress, job burnout, and turnover intention. A questionnaire was conducted for analysis from August 19th to the 30th in 2020 and 201 responses ended up being used for analysis. The analysis results revealed that job stress, job burnout, and turnover intention of childcare educators were low while resilience was high and it was acknowledged that all of them mostly differed according to the types of personal traits. Although the job stress of childcare educators had a positive (+) influence on job burnout at a statistically significant level, it turns out that job stress does not have an influential relationship with turnover intention. Furthermore, the emotion regulation ability, impulse control, and active conductivity among resilience displayed a moderating effect in the relationship between job stress and job burnout. Amidst an emergency pandemic known as the COVID-19 virus, it has been confirmed that job stress and turnover intention of childcare educators deteriorated, and the prominent reason for this was identified as the difficulty in carrying out smooth job performances. Accordingly, measures to strengthen resilience such as countermeasures against quarantine-based job stress and turnover intent, daily management over job burnout and resilience, as well as counseling or programs based on self-focused attention have been suggested.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.149-157
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• 2021

One year has passed since the pandemic of COVID-19, which occurred in Wuhan, China, in November 2019 began. Worldwide, as of January 2021, more than 95 million people have been infected, and the death toll is higher than 2 million. In Korea, there are 74,262 infected and 1,328 dead, and government policies such as social distancing to prevent infection are being implemented. Accordingly, many inconveniences occurred in the physical activity environment, such as the closure of various sports facilities. It was necessary to consider physical activities to maintain healthy life while cooperating with the national policy while preventing infection. This study investigated the benefits of physical activity to reduce the risk of trichomoniasis and diabetes, improve bone mineral density, prolong healthy lifespan, maintain activity performance with aging, and improve psychological anxiety and depression. In addition, the physiological changes that may occur in the situation of stopping exercise due to social distancing to prevent COVID-19 infection were reviewed. In addition, moderate-intensity exercise that helps strengthen immune function by activating natural killer cells, neutrophils, and antibody responses was investigated. In addition, it reduces the level and function of blood B-cells, T-cells, and natural killer cells for several hours, decreases phagocytosis of neutrophils in the nasal cavity, increases inflammatory cytokines, decreases immune function, and increases infection. High-intensity exercise was considered. Therefore, in the age of COVID-19, long-term high-intensity exercise such as marathon, which causes impaired immune function, should be refrained from. And you should do moderate-intensity regular aerobic exercise such as fast walking to help prevent infection. It is also recommended to participate in resistance exercises to prevent loss of muscle mass.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.39-52
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• 2021

This study aims to investigate the effect of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic on negative emotions, such as anxiety, depression, fear, and stress, in Korean college students. The study recruited students from J University and conducted interviews across three time points, namely, March 2019, March 2020, and November 2020. For three time points, the participants responded to structured questions about situations they may have encountered and they were asked to summarize their responses. Repeated-measures ANOVAs were performed to examine whether differences exist in negative emotions between time points. Furthermore, polynomial trend analyses were conducted to examine resultant patterns over time. The results revealed that negative emotions displayed significant differences between time points. Moreover, trend analyses revealed a curvilinear pattern, which indicates that negative emotions increased and were then sustained. These findings suggest that negative emotions may continue to become prevalent among college students with the increased impacts of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. The study discussed the need for psychological support systems, such as stress management and psychological counseling, for college students.

• BMB Reports
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• v.55 no.9
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• pp.465-471
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• 2022

Understanding and monitoring virus-mediated infections has gained importance since the global outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Studies of high-throughput omics-based immune profiling of COVID-19 patients can help manage the current pandemic and future virus-mediated pandemics. Although COVID-19 is being studied since past 2 years, detailed mechanisms of the initial induction of dynamic immune responses or the molecular mechanisms that characterize disease progression remains unclear. This study involved comprehensively collected biospecimens and longitudinal multi-omics data of 300 COVID-19 patients and 120 healthy controls, including whole genome sequencing (WGS), single-cell RNA sequencing combined with T cell receptor (TCR) and B cell receptor (BCR) sequencing (scRNA(+scTCR/BCR)-seq), bulk BCR and TCR sequencing (bulk TCR/BCR-seq), and cytokine profiling. Clinical data were also collected from hospitalized COVID-19 patients, and HLA typing, laboratory characteristics, and COVID-19 viral genome sequencing were performed during the initial diagnosis. The entire set of biospecimens and multi-omics data generated in this project can be accessed by researchers from the National Biobank of Korea with prior approval. This distribution of large-scale multi-omics data of COVID-19 patients can facilitate the understanding of biological crosstalk involved in COVID-19 infection and contribute to the development of potential methodologies for its diagnosis and treatment.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.1-9
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• 2021

Since the first confirmed case in January 2020, Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) has brought many changes to our society, and Korea is no exception. Some changes are direct and immediate such as restrictions on overseas travel and social distancing, but the others are indirect and slowly adapted such as lifestyle changes impacting industries and businesses. IT service sector is tremendously influenced by COVID-19. IT service is used extensively in response to COVID-19 taking advantage of its non-face-to-face characteristics. In that sense, the industry is positively affected and in some sense invigorated, giving birth to new kind of services. This special issue focuses on introducing how the IT services are affected, what kind of transformations are undergoing, and how these are expedited after COVID-19. This special issue expands and extends the case research section by collecting new IT service case studies concerning these topics. After competitive review process, 11 studies are selected for this special issue which deals with four different but closely related aspects: (1) evolutions of private IT services, (2) transformations in public IT services, (3) impacts in the hospitality and tourism industry, and (4) changes of people's behavior along with COVID-19. The first set reports on the evolution of private IT services that have created terms such as foodtech and edutech as we enter a rapid non-face-to-face situation. The second set consists of studies dealing with the evolution of public IT services. Evolution and rapid response to non-face-to-face appear to be no exception in the public sector. The third includes studies of hospitality and tourism which is most strongly affected by COVID-19. The last set deals with the behavioral changes of users such as technostress in telecommuting. Lessons learned through best practices and key problems identified in these studies may help us to actively respond to the coming waves of changes incurred by COVID-19 in our society as well as in the IT service industry.

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.54-63
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• 2021

Since the recent COVID-19 pandemic, countries have been strengthening trade protection for their security, and the importance of securing strategic materials, such as food, is drawing attention. In addition to the cultural aspects, the global preference for food produced in Korea is increasing because of the Korean Wave. Thus, the Korean food industry can be developed into a high-value-added export food industry. Currently, Korea has a low self-sufficiency rate for foodstuffs apart from rice. Korea also suffers from problems arising from population decline, aging, rapid climate change, and various animal and plant diseases. It is necessary to develop technologies that can overcome the production structures highly dependent on the outside world of food and foster them into export-type system industries. The global agricultural industry-related technologies are actively being modified via data accumulation, e.g., environmental data, production information, and distribution and consumption information in climate and production facilities, and by actively expanding the introduction of the latest information and communication technologies such as big data and artificial intelligence. However, long-term research and investment should precede the field of living organisms. Compared to other industries, it is necessary to overcome poor production and labor environment investment efficiency in the food industry with respect to the production cost, equipment postmanagement, development tailored to the eye level of field workers, and service models suitable for production facilities of various sizes. This paper discusses the flow of domestic and international technologies that form the core issues of the site centered on the 4th Industrial Revolution in the field of agriculture, livestock, and fisheries. It also explains the environmental awareness production technologies centered on sustainable intelligence platforms that link climate change responses, optimization of energy costs, and mass production for unmanned production, distribution, and consumption using the unstructured data obtained based on detection and growth measurement data.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.182-194
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• 2022

After the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been an explosive increase in restaurant meal delivery or takeout. The purpose of this study was to analyze the consumer perception of food safety and its influence on the purchase of delivery or takeout food from restaurants. This study, the 2020 Consumer Behavior Survey for Food (CBSF), was conducted from June 10 to August 21 2020. A total of 6,355 responses were used for the analysis. The results were as follows: First, the differences in consumer perception about food safety were analyzed according to whether they used delivery or takeout. Concern about food safety, satisfaction with dietary habits, and the ability to maintain safe dietary habits were higher in the non-user group. Except for food at home, the perception about food safety at other locations was higher in the user group. Food hazards such as antibiotics were perceived to be safer in the user group. Second, the perception of food safety affecting use of delivery or takeout was analyzed. It was found that the usage of delivery or takeout increased when the perception of the safety of home meal replacement (HMR), delivery or takeout food, and the ability to be informed about the harmful factors of agricultural products increased. The findings of this study may offer the basis for the food and food service industry to consider safety issues seriously and develop strategies to lead to feasible practices. Further, this study also supports the direction of the government toward strengthening the safety of new segments which have shown explosive growth in the COVID-19 era.