• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.310-314
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• 2012

Thirty-two different volatile oils were identified from Allomyrina dichotoma (A. dichotoma) larvae by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The major volatile components were 2,2,4-trimethyl-3-carboxyisopropyl pentanoic acid isobutyl ester (5.83%), phenol,2,6-bis(a,a-dimethyl ethyl)-4-(1-methyl-1-phenylethyl) (5.72%), heptacosane (5.49%) and phenol,2,4-bis(1-methyl-1-phenylethyl) (5.47%). The composition of the fatty acids in A. dichotoma larvae was also determined by gas chromatography (GC) and fourteen constituents were identified. Oleic acid (19.13%) was the most abundant fatty acid followed by palmitic acid (12.52%), palmitoleic acid (3.71%) and linoleic acid (2.08%) in 100 g of A. dichotoma larvae on a dry weight basis. The quantity of unsaturated fatty acids (64.00%) were higher than that of saturated ones (36.00%). The predominant fatty acids in A. dichotoma consist of monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA, 57.70%) such as oleic acid, myristoleic acid and palmitoleic acid, followed by saturated fatty acids (36.00%) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA, 6.50%). In particular, the presence of essential fatty acids, such as linoleic (5.30%) and linolenic acid (0.40%) give A. dichotoma larvae considerable nutritional and functional value and it may be a useful source for food and/or industrial utilization.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.341-349
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• 1998

To analyze the effects of surfactants on the biosynthesis of galactolipid and the composition of fatty acids, the chloroplast envelope and thylakoid membrane were cultivated in medium treated with anionic surfactants, such as linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (0.002%, LAS), a-olefin sulfonate (O.01%, AOS), and sodium lauryl ether sulfate (0.08%, SLES), respectively. During the cultivation, the chloroplast envelope and thylakoid membrane were isolated from the cells collected at the early and middle phase of the culture and the contents of their fatty acid composition were compared with the control. When treated with surfactants, the contents of total lipid MDGD methylesters, and DGDG methylesters decreased significantly when compared with the control. It was also confirmed that more unsaturated fatty acids were involved in the biosynthesis of galactolipid. The fatty acids utilized in the biosynthesis of MGDG were in the chloroplast envelope and in the control, and linoleic acid in LAS, linolenic acid and oleic acid in AOS, and linolenic acid and oleic acid in SLES. The fatty acids in the biosynthesis of DGDG were linolenic acid and oleic acid in the control linolenic acid and stearic acid in LAS, oleic acid and linolenic acid in AOS, oleic acid and linolenic acid in SLES. In the thylakoid membrane, the major fatty acids in the biosynthesis of MGDG were linolenic acid and oleic acid in the control, oleic acid and linolenic acid in LAS, linolenic acid and linoleic acid in AOS, linolenic acid and palmitoleic acid in SLES. The fatty acids in the biosynthesis of DGDG were linolenic acid and oleic acid in the control, oleic acid and linolenic acid in LAS, linolenic acid and linoleic acid in AOS, palmitoleic acid and oleic acid in SLES.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.270-277
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• 2017

This study was carried out to investigate seasonal changes in body composition in Boleophthalmus pectinirostris in Korea. B. pectinirostris collected in Gangjin, Jeonnam, consisted of 58.7-75.8% moisture content, 16.1-17.6% protein, 0.8-3.4% crude lipids, and 1.3-3.6% crude ash. Livers consisted of 15-17% moisture content, 14.0-16.8% crude protein, 34.4-71.2% crude lipids, and 0.5-1.2% crude ash. Calcium, iron, potassium, etc., content in B. pectinirostris muscle averaged 267.5-599.8 mg/100 g, 1.98-28.3 mg, 160.7-327.9 mg, 20.6-60.2 mg, 0.4-2.2 mg, 0.23-0.46 mg, 66.5-192.9 mg, and 1.32-3.8 mg, respectively. (Please clarify: the list of measured values must correspond directly with what was measured, not just "etc.") The major amino acids in B. pectinirostris muscle, in proportional order, were glutamic acid, isoleucine, and leucine; whereas the major amino acids in the liver were glutamic acid, lysine, aspartic acid, and leucine. The major saturated fatty acids in the muscle were palmitic acid (15-19%) and stearic acid (8-11%). The major monoenes and polyenes were palmitoleic acid (C16:1) and oleic acid (C18:1), and EPA and DHA, respectively. The major saturated fatty acids and polyenes in the liver were the same as in muscle, but the monoenes were palmitoleic acid (C16:1) and cis-10-hepta-decenoic acid (C17:1). Seasonal changes in B. pectinirostris body composition may be attributable to differential accumulation of fat and nutrients in comparison to the spawning and hibernation period.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.201-206
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• 1990

This investigation on the composition of fatty acids of hempseed through gas -chromatography analysis found the follwing results. Myristic acid and other ten materials were detected. And there was mainly composed of myristic acid 29.4%, Palmitoleic acid 16.2%, linoleic acid 14.9%, oleic acid 12.4%. It also showed that heptadecanoic acid 10.8%, erucic acid 0.5%, docosahexaenoic acid 0.3% and essential fatty acid were contained 11.9% between them. As stearic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, linoleic acid and arachidonic acid made lower cholesterol level in body, they will help prevention of senile disease with the oil d hemp seed.

• 한국해양바이오학회지
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.206-212
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• 2006

Supercritical carbon dioxide ($SCO_2$) extraction was investigated as a method for protein-sourcing material from squid viscera. To find the optimum conditions, the extraction of squid viscera using $SCO_2$ was performed under the conditions of temperature range from 35 to $45^{\circ}C$ and constant pressure 25 MPa using Hewlett-Packard 7680T. Also from result of SDS-PAGE, the protein denaturation was minimized when using $SCO_2$ extraction. And the major amino acids in the squid viscera were glutamic acid, aspartic acid, lysine, leucine, arginine, alanine, glycine, isoleucine, and valine. The main fatty acids from squid viscera were myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, heneicosanoic acid, palmitoleic acid, elaidic acid, oleic acid, eicosenoic acid, EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid), and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid).

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.87-91
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• 1988

제지(製紙)슬러지가 논 토양(土壤)의 고급지방산변화(高級脂肪酸變化)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 검토(檢討)하기 위하여 슬러지의 시용량(施用量)을 300, 600, 900 및 1,200kg/10a으로 달리하여 pot 시험(試驗)을 실시(實施)함으로써 토양중(土壤中) 시기별(時期別) 고급지방산조성변화(高級脂肪酸組成變化)를 조사(調査)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 토양중(土壤中) 고급지방산(高級脂肪酸)은 전시기(全時期)에 있어서 모든 처리구(處理區) 공(共)히 21종(種)이 검출(檢出)되었고 그 중 동정(同定)된 고급지방산(高級脂肪酸)은 lauric, myristic, myristoric, palmitic, palmitoleic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, linolenic 및 arachidic acids 의 10종(種)이었으며, 전반적(全般的)으로 stearic > palmitic > myristic > linoleic > oleic acid 순(順)으로 높았다. 2. 토양중(土壤中) 고급지방산함량(高級脂肪酸含量)은 제지(製紙)슬러지 시용량(施用量)이 많을수록 증가(增加)하였으며 유효분벽기(有效分蘗期)가 가장 높았고 그 이후부터는 시일(時日)이 경과할수록 모든 처리(處理) 공(共)히 감소(減少)하는 경향(傾向)이었다. 토양중(土壤中) 고급지방산(高級脂肪酸)과 휘발성저급(揮發性低級) 지방산함량간(脂肪酸含量間)에는 고도(高度)의 유의적(有意的)인 정(正)의 상관(相關)이 있었다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.184-191
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate the fatty acid profiles in 18 soybean cultivars grown in Korea. A total of eleven fatty acids were identified in the sample set, which was comprised of myristic (C14:0), palmitic (C16:0), palmitoleic (C16:1, ${\omega}7$), stearic (C18:0), oleic (C18:1, ${\omega}9$), linoleic (C18:2, ${\omega}6$), linolenic (C18:3, ${\omega}3$), arachidic (C20:0), gondoic (C20:1, ${\omega}9$), behenic (C22:0), and lignoceric (C24:0) acids by gas-liquid chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC-FID). Based on their color, yellow-, black-, brown-, and green-colored cultivars were denoted. Correlation coefficients (r) between the nine major fatty acids identified (two trace fatty acids, myristic and palmitoleic, were not included in the study) were generated and revealed an inverse association between oleic and linoleic acids (r=-0.94, p<0.05), while stearic acid was positively correlated to arachidic acid (r=0.72, p<0.05). Principal component analysis (PCA) of the fatty acid data yielded four significant principal components (PCs; i.e., eigenvalues>1), which together account for 81.49% of the total variance in the data set; with PC1 contributing 28.16% of the total. Eigen analysis of the correlation matrix loadings of the four significant PCs revealed that PC1 was mainly contributed to by oleic, linoleic, and gondoic acids, PC2 by stearic, linolenic and arachidic acids, PC3 by behenic and lignoceric acids, and PC4 by palmitic acid. The score plots generated between PC1-PC2 and PC3-PC4 segregated soybean cultivars based on fatty acid composition.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제63권1호
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• pp.160-169
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• 2021

Boiled feed is obtained by mixing and boiling agricultural by-products such as rice straw, rice bran, and bean curd with grains. The study explored the change in fatty acid, free amino acid, nucleotide, mineral, cholesterol, myoglobin and collagen of longissimus dorsi muscle in Hanwoo steers fed with boiled feed. Forty steers, 20 heads per group, were divided into two groups: a control group and a boiled feed group. The steers were raised for 10 months. The boiled feed group was enriched with palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, arachidonic acid and unsaturated fatty acids compared with the control group. There were no significant differences in amino acid and nucleic acid composition between the two groups. The boiled feed group contained higher levels of iron and manganese in the boiled feed group compared with the control group. The total cholesterol level was significantly increased, whereas calorie levels, myoglobin and collagen composition showed no differences. As the supply of boiled feed increases the content of fatty acids, unsaturated fatty acids and minerals related to flavor, it should be a feed that leads to the production of high-quality beef.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.611-616
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 양촌 월하시 생감 및 곶감의 유용성분 및 이화학적 특성에 대하여 조사하였다. 월하시 생감과 곶감의 수분함량은 85.52, 47.36%, 조지방은 0.1, 0.13%, 조단백질은 0.30, 1.89%, 조섬유는 0.56, 2.0%를 각각 나타내었고, 수분활성도는 0.994, 0.838, pH는 5.68, 5.73, 당도는 12.6, $56.4^{\circ}Brix$를 각각 나타냈다. 색차계를 이용하여 측정한 생감과 곶감의 명도 L값은 외부가 47.58, 37.80, 내부는 66.55, 24.96을 각각 나타내었고, 황색도 b값은 외부가 73.40, 20.17, 내부는 26.55, 29.66을 각각 나타냈다. 유리당 함량을 HPLC로 측정한 결과 glucose와 fructose 만이 확인 되었다. 곶감에서 함유량이 월등히 높아 glucose는 생감보다 3.24배, fructose는 3.67배로 확인되었다. 아미노산을 분석한 결과 곶감에서 모두 17종이 확인되었다. 구성아미노산 중 전반적으로 glutamic acid, aspartic acid, histidine, arginine의 함량이 높게 나타났으며 valine, threonine, leucine, lysine, phenylalanine 등의 필수아미노산들이 골고루 검출되었다. 생감과 곶감의 총아미노산 함량은 각각 3,130.76 ppm과 12,849.33 ppm으로 곶감이 생감보다 4.1배나 높았다. 지방산 조성을 분석한 결과 myristic acid(C14:0), palmitic acid(C16:0), palmitoleic acid(C16:1), stearic acid(C18:0), oleic acid(C18:1), linolenic acid(C18:3) 등 14-15종이 확인되었으며, 이중 linolenic acid(C18:3)가 생감에 32.70%로, palmitic acid(C16:0)가 곶감에는 48.62%로 각각 가장 많이 함유되어 있었다. 무기성분을 AAS로 분석한 결과는 생감과 곶감의 나트륨은 0.60, 2.77 mg, 칼륨 190.49, 859.63 mg, 칼슘 11.73, 16.20 mg, 철 1.17, 3.17 mg, 그리고 인이 52.52, 84.90 mg/100 g 각각 검출되었다. 특히 무기물 중 칼륨과 인이 상당히 높은 함량 검출되었으며 곶감에서 그 함유량이 월등히 높아 칼륨은 생감보다 4.5배, 인은 1.6배로 확인되었다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.289-296
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• 2013

To evaluate seasonal variation in fatty acid composition in broccoli, 12 commercial cultivars of broccoli were grown in spring and fall season at the field of NIHHS, and their floret, leaf and stem parts were used for the fatty acid composition analyses. Among 14 fatty acids detected in broccoli, linolenic, palmitic and linoleic acids were major fatty acids comprising more than 80% of total fatty acids in both the seasons and all the parts. Likewise, stearic and oleic acids were also present in considerable amount while remaining fatty acids; caproic, lauric, myristic, pentadecanoic, palmitoleic, heptadecanoic, arachidic, behenic and lignoceric acids showed their minor compositional ratio. Among the three parts, stem exhibited highest SFAs (49.681% in spring and 50.717% in fall season) compared to MUFA and PUFA, while highest compositional ratio of PUFAs were observed in leaves (62.588% in spring and 68.931% in fall season), which indicates leaves as a good source of health beneficial fatty acids. In contrast, floret part exhibited highest SFA (48.786%) and PUFA (57.518%) in spring and fall seasons, respectively. Major fatty acids; palmitic, linoleic and linolenic acid showed lowest cultivar dependent variation (below 10%) and leaf showed least variation in both the seasons compared to floret and stem. Our results suggest that all the fatty acids are significantly influenced by genotype of cultivars (C), plant parts (P) and growing seasons (S). Among the 14 fatty acids, myristic and palmitic acid showed highest positive or negative correlationship with oleic (r=$0.912^{**}$) and linolenic acid (r=-$0.933^{**}$), respectively. The most abundant fatty acid, linolenic acid, showed either negative or no correlation ship with other fatty acids while palmitic acid, a second major fatty acid, exhibited either positive or negative correlation ship.