• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.558-562
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• 1986

The extracorporeal circulation has been much improved recently, but has yet much complex problems such as the protein denaturation and the activation of the complement system by the exposure of the blood to the foreign surface, which may result in such as the postperfusion syndrome. We studied the changes of the plasma protein fractions by the electrophoresis and the complement consumption [C3, C4] by the immunodiffusion method in the patients undergoing cardiac operation from Mar. 1, 1986 to Aug. 31, 1986. The results were summarized as follows: 1. y-globulin fraction was decreased [p<0.02 by paired t-test, N=25], but a,-globulin was increased [p<0.001 by paired t test, N=25] after operation. 2. C3,C4 were significantly reduced [p<0.001 by paired t-test, N=14] postoperatively and normalized from 24 hours after operation. 3. The consumption of C3,C4 had significant linear correlation [correlation coefficient r=0.97] and C, was more markedly reduced comparing with C3, which probably means the complement activation by classical pathway in our bubble oxygenator group.

• East Asian mathematical journal
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.155-176
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• 2018

The purpose of this article is to study the change of mathematics teaching efficacy of pre-service mathematics teachers in teaching practice course. For this purpose we collect data through questionnaire from 61 pre-service mathematics teachers. To make a questionnaire we rearrange Ryang's MTES items. The pre-service mathematics teachers fill out the questionnaire before and after teaching practice course. The data are analyzed by paired t-test using SPSS23. The result of paired t-test show that the difference between pre-test scores and post-test scores is significant statistically. So we can conclude that the mathematics teaching efficacy of pre-service mathematics teachers is changed and improved after teaching practice course.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.409-416
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of horticulture activity program on self-esteem and school life adaptation of multicultural adolescent. A non-equivalent control group pre-post test design with experimental group (n=39) and control group (n=36) was used. The program was conducted from Jan. 2 to Feb. 28, 2017, and the questionnaire was conducted before and after the program. Collected data was analyzed by SPSS(Ver, 24.0), conducting ${\chi}^2-test$, Fisher's exact test, t-test, paired t-test. There were statistically significant increase in self-esteem(t=2.41, p=.021) and school life adaptation(t=3.85, p=.000) by difference between a pretest and a posttest in the experimental group compared to that in the control group. Therefore, the horticulture activity program for multicultural adolescent have a significant effect for better performance of self-esteem and school life adaptation. Also, It was confirmed that the program used for improving adaptability of multicultural adolescent.

• Journal of Internet of Things and Convergence
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.33-40
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• 2023

This study was aimed at examining the effects of aroma blending oil inhalation on academic stress and class concentration in nursing students. The research design was a nonequivalent placebo control group nonsynchronized. The subjects of the study were 24 students in the treatment group and 24 placebo control group. Data collection was from November 4, 2022 to December 3, 2022, and the data were analyzed chi-square test, independent t-test, paired t-test using the SPSS 23.0 Program. The treatment group inhaled aroma blending oil for 10 days showed a significant decrease in academic stress (t=-8.79, p<.001) and a significant increase in class concentration (t=24.44, p<.001).

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.157-162
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• 2020

In this paper, we propose an analyze the effects of CPR education for kindergarten students, to determine their role as first responders, and to use them as basic data for the development and activation of CPR education programs for future kindergarten students. Five CPR training sessions were repeated for 10 weeks for children aged 6 and 7 years in kindergarten in J city, and objective data was collected using feedback equipment. The data were analyzed by t-test and paired t-test using SPSS 23.0 for win statistics program. The results showed that chest compression depth, chest compression velocity, and chest compression hand position increased significantly after repeated training. In conclusion, the cardiopulmonary resuscitation training for kindergarten students was effective, and the kindergarten students could play the role of first responders.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.33-40
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• 2011

Purpose : The aims of this study was to identify changes mu rhythm according to familiarity with a stimulus in people with stroke. Methods : Seventeen right-handed participants were asked to observe 2 different stimulus; a non-familiarity stimulus condition (NFSC), and a familiarity stimulus condition (FSC). Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals from electrodes on the participant's scalp were recorded during action observation. The activation of the mirror neuron system was compaired between FSC and NFSC by a paired t-test. An independent t-test was used to compare the difference between right and left hemispheres for the activation of the mirror neuron system during action observation of performing a task with the right hand. Results : The result of paired t-test showed no significantly difference between NFSC and FSC in the activation of the mirror neuron system. The Result of independent t-test also showed no significantly difference in the activation of mirror neuron system between the right and left hemispheres. Conclusion : The familiarity with a stimulus had no signigicant effect on the activation of the mirror neuron system according to the familiarity and in either the right or left hemispheres in people with chronic stroke.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.291-299
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• 2019

This study is a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest designed to understand the effect of ethical dilemma discussion program on human rights sensitivity and ethical values of university students. By providing ethical dilemma discussion program to university students in C university, G-do, the effectiveness was verified. Analyzed using IBM SPSS 24.0. The normality of the variables was verified by Shapiro-Wilk test. Homogeneity was verified using real number and percentage, Fisher's exact probability test and independent t-test. The program's effect was verified using paired t-test. The results of this study are as follows: after the ethical dilemma discussion program, the experimental group's human rights sensitivity(t=-2.32, p=.025), and ethical value(t=-2.43, p=.020) were higher than the control group. Therefore, the ethical dilemma discussion program of this study helped improve the human rights susceptibility and ethical values of the subjects. Further research is needed to verify the effects of ethics education on diverse groups.

• Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.1-13
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• 2017

Purpose: This study investigated the effects that the use of a booklet for intensive care unit nurses had on radiation safety management education (knowledge about and behaviors in radiation safety management, and awareness of anxiety caused by radiation hazards). Methods: A randomized control group pretest-posttest design was used. A booklet about radiation safety management developed by the authors was used as educational material. Participants (N=42) were intensive care unit nurses of P hospital in B city. Training was provided to the experimental group (N=21). Knowledge about and behaviors in radiation safety management and awareness of anxiety caused by radiation hazards were measured by questionnaires before and after the intervention. Data was analyzed by an $X^2$-test, non-paired t-test, and paired t-test. Results: There was a significant difference between groups in knowledge of (t=-14.932, p<.001) and behaviors in (t=-8.297, p<.001) radiation safety management and awareness of anxiety caused by radiation hazards (t=9.378, p<.001). Conclusion: The levels of knowledge about and behaviors in radiation safety management and awareness of anxiety generated by radiation hazards of intensive care unit nurses increased after receiving one session of radiation safety management education using the booklet. Therefore, providing radiation safety management training is suggested as an effective strategy for improving radiation safety management.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.501-510
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• 2010

The knowledge base on emotional information is one of the key elements in the implementation of emotion retrieval systems for contents design of Mobile devices. This study proposed a new approach to the knowledge base implementation by automatically extracting color components from full-color images. In this study, the validity of the proposed method was empirically tested. Database was developed using 100 interior images as visual stimuli and a total of 48 subjects participated in the experiment. In order to test the reliability of the proposed 'emotional information knowledge base', firstly 'recall ratio' that refers to frequencies of correct images from the retrieved images was derived. Secondly, correlation Analysis was performed to compare the ratings by the subjects to what the system calculated. Finally, the rating comparison was used to run a paired-sample t-test. The analysis demonstrated satisfactory recall ration of 62.1%. Also, a significant positive correlation (p<.01) was observed from all the emotion keywords. The paired Sample t-test found that all the emotion keywords except "casual" retrieved the images in the order from more relevant to less relevant images and the difference was statistically significant (t(9)=5.528, p<.05). Findings of this study support that the proposed 'emotional information knowledge base' established only with color information automatically extracted from images can be effectively used for such visual stimuli search tasks as commercial interior images.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.12 no.12
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• pp.491-498
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• 2021

This study is presented as evidence for developing a health education program to prevent lower extermity circulatory system problems among nurses's health problem by identifying the effects of taping therapy on lower extermites discomfort and fatigue for nurses who stand for long periods of time. The study method is a similar experimental study using a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design in which taping therapy was applied to female nurses who work day shifts for 5 consecutive days in an orthopedic surgery ward. Data collection was from November 2 to December 18, 2020, and a total of 60 nurses, 30 in the experimental group and 30 in the control group, were recruited from two orthopedic surgery hospitals located in B city. The data were analyzed by chi-square test, t-test and paired t-test using the SPSS WIN 22.0 program. As a result of the study, the experimental group had lower extermities discomfort(t=-1.27, p=<.001) and fatigue score(t=-0.60, p=<.001) than the control group, and it was confirmed that there was a statistically significant effect. It has been proven that taping therapy is a very effective nursing intervention.