• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.305-309
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• 2010

예부선 산업의 발전은 예부선 교통량의 증가와 해상교통환경의 변화 등으로 인하여 해양사고가 꾸준히 증가하고 있는 추세이다. 예부선 해양사고의 주요 요인으로는 운항과실로 인한 충돌 접촉 사고가 전체의 70% 이상을 차지하고 있다. 이러한 운항과실 중에서도 예부선의 야간항해 시에 소형 선박들이 예선과 부선을 연결하고 있는 예인삭을 무분별하게 횡단함으로 인한 사고가 가장 큰 요인으로 조사되었다. 따라서 이 연구에서는 예부선의 야간항해 시에 소형 선박들이 예인삭을 쉽게 식별할 수 있도록 하는 여러 가지 방안을 제시하였다.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.47-55
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• 2005

Infrared heating has been traditionally used in industrial applications for processes such as dehydration of food industrial. This heating method involves the application of radiation in the wavelength range of 2 to 50 micrometers. In this work, simultaneous heat balance equations were developed to simulate the infrared radiation heating of agricultural products. The equations assume that moisture diffuses to the outer boundaries of the material in liquid form and evaporation occurs at the surface of the agricultural products. Energy for moisture evaporation is supplied by the infrared radiant energy. The optimum temperature and drying time for the best drying conditions of changing the red peppers with the moisture content of 18% and the restore rate of 80~85% are $80^{\circ}C$ and 44 hours. The performance of radiation tubes coating with the radiation paint developed in this research has the energy of $2.27{\times}103W/m^2{\mu}m$, $150^{\circ}C$ within the scope of radiation wave length of $2{\sim}30{\mu}m$ and has the radiation 0.92~0.93, which is superior to the general radiation tubes. The extinction coefficient according to the band pass filter using the 4 flux theory ha higher dependability on wave length, accounting for $2{\sim}17{\mu}m$ and $5{\times}105{\sim}106m-1$. A comparison between the theoretical energy transfer whose figures are interpreted according to 4 flux theory and the experimental energy transfer of far infrared dryer leads to the findings of the agreement less than 5%.

• 공업화학
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.250-256
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• 2005

자동차 산업에서의 도장 외관은 아주 중요하다. 이러한 도장외관의 향상을 위해서 기본적으로 도막의 내식성과 밀착성이 해결되어야 한다. 도막의 물성의 향상을 위해서 금속의 화성피막은 매우 중요한 요소가 되고 있다. 전착도장 중 음극에서의 pH는 12 정도까지 증가하고, 이 같은 강알카리 조건에서 금속과 화성피막의 용해가 일어난다. 이 같은 현상의 화성피막과 소재사이의 결합력을 감소시키게 된다. 일반적으로 인산염 피막구조는 hopeite 및 phosphphylife 구조를 갖지만 hopeite 피막 구조보다는 phosphophyllite 피막구조가 내식성이 보다 우수하고, 양이온 전착도료에 의한 전착도장에서 강알카리화된 계면에서 피막의 알카리 용해성이 적어 내수밀착성의 향상을 보인다. Ni, Mn 등의 보조금속의 첨가는 P-ratio (phosphophyllite/ hopeite + phosphophyllite)를 증가시키므로 내수 밀착성과 내식성을 향상시키게 됨을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.21-25
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• 2016

The automotive vehicle is made through the following processes such as press shop, welding shop, paint shop, and general assembly. Among them, the most important process to determine the quality of the car body is the welding process. Generally, more than 400 pressed panels are welded to make BIW (Body In White) by using the RSW (Resistance Spot Welding) and GMAW (Gas Metal Arc Welding). Recently, as the needs of light-weight material due to the $CO_2$ emission issue and fuel efficiency, new joining technologies for aluminum, CFRP (Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic) and etc. are needed. Aluminum parts are assembled by the spot welding, clinching, and SPR (Self Piercing Rivet) and friction stir welding process. Structural adhesive boning is another main joining method for light-weight materials. For example, one piece aluminum shock absorber housing part is made by die casting process and is assembled with conventional steel part by SPR and adhesive bond. Another way to reduce the amount of the car body weight is to use AHSS (Advanced High Strength Steel) panel including hot stamping boron alloyed steel. As the new materials are introduced to car body joining, productivity and quality have become more critical. Productivity improvement technology and adaptive welding control are essential technology for the future manufacturing environment.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제5권5호
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• pp.511-519
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• 2003

The traditional culture has been developed for a long time with an unique property according to folk character, custom and environment within an area. Especially in 1906, when the westerners were interested in oriental cultures more and more, Paul Poiret presented Japanese traditional dress of napping sleeve coats and harem pants, henceforth japanese fashion theme began to rise. The Japanese style rose as an important fashion item of the modern fashion, with various fashion themes such as orientalism, ethnic, folklore, ecology, etc., needless to say of activities of Japanese designers. The revealed patterns on Japanese dress and it's ornament plays a role of expressive decoration as well as stand for the nation, the ideology of the age and aesthetic consciousness. For this reason, it is necessary to study Japanese traditional patterns expressed in modern fashion systematically. Therefore, in this research, the demonstrated Japanese traditional patterns on the modern fashion were divided into natural, artificial and complex design and were looked out the characteristic, furthermore it was studied in regard that Japanese patterns were how to apply in modern fashion. It was concluded that the characteristics of the Japanese traditional patterns presented in the modern fashion were as follows: first, creation of environmental friendly design using plenty of natural materials; second, expression of paint-like impression and beauty of margins by simplifying of patterns; third, expression of amusing design by using bright colors and print; finally, various patterns were spreaded out complicated on dress. The characteristics of Japanese traditional patterns in the above were expressed in the modern fashion.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.168-179
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• 2018

The modified surface of specialty carbon black(SCB) is one of the main technical factors for producing a uniform color and stable dispersion. In this work, the carboxylation or sulfonation process of SCB was used to improve the dispersive properties of hydrophilic solvents such as 1,6-hexanediol and propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate(PGMEA). The results showed that the color strength of SCB DC2500G changed little with a range of 0.128~0.941(${\Delta}E$) compared to other SCB DC2500G material. In contrast, in the case of SCB EG410, there was a uniform color value with a range of 0.144~0.252(${\Delta}E$). Also, in our experiments, a modified SCB was confirmed by printing ink material as a melt coating paper. It may be possible that the SCB EG410 material can be advantageous as a gravure ink product. Finally, the modified SCB obtained from this research will have a large impact on the industry as a potential material for toners, paint, rubber, fillers, and other carbon black additives.

• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.34-39
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• 2000

Although shipbuilding workers were exposed to a variety of genotoxic compounds including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), limited number of studies were conducted to evaluate the biomarkers related to PAH exposure in painting workers in shipbuilding industry. One hundred and thirty three workers including 73 employees using coal tar paints were recruited from a shipbuilding company located in South Korea. Urinary 1-hydroxypyrene glucuronide (1-OHPG), as internal dose of PAH exposure, were measured by synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy after immunoaffinity purification using monoclonal antibody 8E11. Glutathione S-transferase (GST)M1 and GSTT1 genotypes were assessed by multiplex PCR. Information on demographic characteristics, smoking gabit, diet, job title, use of personal protective equipments were collected by self-administered questionnaire. Urinary 1-OHPG were higher in workers using coal tar paints than in workers using general paints, however, the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.20, Mann-Whitney U test). Urinary 1-OHPG levels in smokers were higher than in non-smokers (p<0.05 by Mann-Whitney U test) and there was a significant increase in urinary 1-OHPG levels with the numbers of cigarettes consumed per day (Spearman's correlation coefficient = 0.28, p=0.02). Genetic polymorphisms of GSTM1 and GSTT1 did not influence the level of 1-OHPG in study subjects. Multiple regression analysis show that smoking is the only significant predictor for lon-transformed 1-OHPG (overall model R2=0.1). These results suggest that workers using coal tar paints were exposed to significant amount of PAHs and individual difference in xenobiotic metabolism might affect the levels of internal dose of PAHs.

• 정보처리학회논문지:소프트웨어 및 데이터공학
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• 제4권9호
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• pp.357-370
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• 2015

제조현장에서 발생하는 대량의 데이터는 제조공정의 개선 등을 위해서 매우 중요한 역할을 수행한다. 국내 제조업은 제조환경의 변화에 대응하기 위하여 다각적인 노력을 하고 있으나 구조적, 기술적 취약성으로 인해 많은 어려움을 겪고 있다. 코팅제는 도료의 일종으로 제품에 피막층을 형성하여 제품을 보호하고 다양한 특성을 부여하는 고분자 산업에서 활발하게 연구되는 분야 중의 하나이다. 코팅제는 다양한 산업 분야에서 중요성이 더욱 커지고 있으나 실제 제조업체에서는 여전히 작업자의 경험에 의존하여 배합공정을 수행하는 실정이다. 본 논문에서는 HW-SW 통합 프레임워크를 활용한 제조공정 개선을 위한 실시간 모니터링 시스템과 데이터 분석검증 TA설계를 제안한다. 제안된 프레임워크를 통한 분석 결과는 보다 정량적인 작업 기준 데이터를 확보하고 작업 현장에 제공함으로써 코팅제 배합 공정을 개선시킬 수 있다. 특히 정확한 배합 기준이 되는 표준 데이터의 부재로 인한 품질 저하와 원가 손실을 감소시키고, 배합 공정에서 발생한 오차 데이터에 대하여 R과 실험 계획법을 이용한 분석을 통하여 표준 보정 관계식을 도출함으로써 차후 발생 가능한 오차에 대한 대응 방안을 제시한다.

• 만화애니메이션 연구
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• 통권44호
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• pp.33-56
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• 2016

게임 및 영화산업의 급속한 확장에 따라 CG(Computer Graphic)로 구현되는 3D 애니메이션 캐릭터에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 특히, 삼차원으로 제작되는 캐릭터의 사실적인 움직임을 구현하기 위해서는 뼈와 폴리곤 면을 합쳐주는 리깅(Rigging) 작업과정을 거치게 된다. CG 관련 기술의 급속한 발전에 따라 리깅 작업 과정 또한 보다 정교해지고 있다. 하지만, 기술적인 발전에도 불구하고 여전히 리깅 작업 과정에서 시간적 비효율성, 단순 반복 작업 등의 한계점을 보이고 있다. 본 연구에서는 기존에 사용되는 캐릭터 리깅 방법의 문제점과 비효율성을 분석하고, 보다 효과적인 솔루션을 제안하고자 한다. 이를 위한 연구의 전개는 첫째, 리깅에 대한 일반적 작업과정과 스킨 웨이팅(Skin Weighting)에 대해 기술적 고찰을 하였다. 둘째, 기존 조인트(Joint)만 활용하여 스킨 웨이트(Skin Weight)를 하는 일반적 방법과 여기서 한 단계 발전된 방식으로 다양한 디포머(Deformer)를 활용한 웨이팅 방식을 비교 분석하였다. 셋째, 본 연구에서 제안하는 방법으로써, 디포머인 래티스(Lattice)를 활용하여 웨이팅하고 래티스를 사용한 디포머를 다시 스킨 웨이팅으로 변환하는 방법에 대해 실험연구를 진행한다. 넷째, 기존 방법과 본 연구에서 제안하는 방법에 대해 첫째, 웨이팅을 통해 형성된 지오메트리(Geometry)가 애니메이션의 순차적 움직임에 적절한 형태로 바뀌는지, 둘째, 두 개 이상의 지오메트리가 동시에 효과적으로 웨이팅이 되는지, 셋째, 효율적인 웨이팅 과정을 통한 작업시간의 단축이 이루어지는지를 중심으로 비교 분석하여, 본 연구에서 제시하는 스킨 웨이팅 방법의 효율성에 대해 검증한다. 본 연구를 통해 래티스를 활용한 스킨 웨이팅 작업 진행 결과, 웨이팅 작업과정의 핵심인 페인트 웨이트(Paint weight) 작업이 매우 효율적으로 진행되었으며, 작업시간의 단축 효과와 더불어 작업 결과물의 완성도도 매우 높음을 알 수 있었다. 본 실험연구를 통해 보다 효율적인 캐릭터 스킨 웨이트 방법이 관련 분야 전문가와 학술적 접근에 있어서 기초 자료로 활용되기를 기대한다.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.181-195
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to investigate factors affecting the composition and concentrations of fumes generated from various types of welding processes. The results are as follows. 1. Iron(Fe), zinc(Zn) and manganese(Mn) were predominant in Welding fumes. The Fe content in total fumes was 25.5% in coated electrode and 28.2% in $CO_2$ are welding, and the Zn content was 4.5% and 9.1%, respectively, and the Mn was 3.6% and 7.8%, respectively. 2. It was found that the important factors determining composition and concentration of fumes were type of industries, type of welding processes, type and composition of electrodes, composition of base metals, confinement of workplaces or condition of ventilation, work intensity, coated metals such as lead and Zn in paint. 3. The Mn content in airborne fumes was highly correlated with that of electrode(r=0.77, p<0.01) and was about 4 times higher than that in electrodes or base metals. The results lindicate that Mn is well evaporated into air during welding. The higher vapor pressure of Mn may explain this phenomenon. 4. the airborne total fume concentrations were significantly different among types of industries(p<0.001). The airborne total fume concentration was higher in order of sleel-structure manufacturing($GM=15.1mg/m^3$), shipbuilding($GM=13.2mg/m^3$), automobile-component manufacturing ($GM=7.8mg/m^3$) and automobile assembling industry($GM=3.0mg/m^3$) 5. The airbone total fume concentration was 6 times higher in $CO_2$ welding than in coated electrode welding, and approximately 3 times higher in confined area than in open area, in steel-structure manufacturing industry. 6. The concentration of welding fume outside welding helmet was about 2 times higher than that inside it. It is recommened that air sampling be done inside helmet to evaulate worker's exposure accurately, for it has an outstanding effect on reducing worker exposure to fumes and other contaminants.