• 한국작물학회지
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.564-570
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• 1997

두과식물인 자운영을 논에 재배하여 유기물 및 질소공급원으로 활용함과 동시에 피복식물로서 잡초방제등 부수적인 효과를 얻기 위하여 자운영 방치, 예취 제거 등 그 이용방법을 달리하여 1995년과 1996년 2년동안 경상남도농촌진흥원 포장에서 시험을 수행한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 시험후 토양화학성은 자운영 이용방법의 차이에 따라 일정한 경향이 없었으며, 토양심도별로 비교하여 보면 pH와 Ca, Mg는 심토(10~20cm)에서, 유기물과 P$_2$ $O_{5}$, K는 표토(0~10cm)에서 그 함량이 높았다. 2. 토양의 산화환원전위는 자운영 예취구의 담수초기 때 심한 환원상태를 보이다가 시일이 경과함에 따라 그 정도가 완화되는 경향이었으며, 자운영을 방치하였을 경우 다른 처리에 비하여 환원 정도가 더 심하였고, 최고분얼기경에 다시 높아지는 경향을 보였다. 3. 잡초방제후 최고분얼기경 잡초발생은 자운영 방치답에서 가장 많았고, 다음이 예취후 제거답이었으며, 비선택성 제초제를 살포하여 자운영을 고사시킨 답에서는 그 발생량이 가장 적었다. 4. 벼 입모율은 자운영 재배답에서 가장 낮았고, 출수기 때의 생육은 각 처리간 비슷하였으며, 수량은 자운영 경운답에서 가장 높고, 다음이 관행 경운답이었으며, 자운영을 방치 혹은 예취후 제거하거나 비선택성 제초제를 살포하여 고사시킨 답에서 다소 감수되는 경향이었다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.569-578
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• 2015

Cold water paddy field soils are relatively unproductive, but can be ameliorated by supplementing with inorganic fertilizer from animal waste-based composts. The yield of two rice cultivars was significantly raised by providing either chicken manure or cow dung-based compost. The application of these composts raised the soil pH as well as both the total nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen content, which improved the soil's fertility and raised its nitrification potential. The composts had a measurable effect on the abundance of nitrogencycling-related soil microbes, as measured by estimating the copy number of various bacterial and archaeal genes using quantitative real-time PCR. The abundance of ammonia oxidizing archaea and bacteria was markedly encouraged by the application of chicken manure-based compost. Supplementation with the composts helped promote the availability of soil nitrogen in the cold water paddy field, thereby improving the soil's productivity and increasing the yield of the rice crop.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.123-129
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• 2006

A long-term experiment was carried out to examine the effects of compost on the long-term trends and synergy effects with chemical fertilizer and saving the chemical fertilizers of paddy cropping. The experiment was conducted for the past 36 years with constant amounts of N, P, K and compost in a paddy field at Milyang, South Korea. Grain yield was significantly increased in the plots with compost application. Twenty five years after the compost treatment, grain yield was significantly increased and it reached almost 90% of NPK plots. The effect of rice straw compost on grain yield was not clear during the early cropping years about 60%, but it slightly increased there after about 95% during the late five years. In compost plots, soil organic matter content, K and $SiO_2$ was greater in the compost applied plots than with application of recommended doses of NPK. However, soil pH was reduced in compost applied plots and Ca, and Mg were remained unchanged when compared to the application of recommended doses NPK. Soil nutrient contents were less in compost applied plots than with the application of recommended doses of NPK along with compost but was found to be increased than that of un-fertilized plots. The present study indicated that the application of rice straw compost with NPK is the best of all and followed by NPK and Compost. However, treatment of Compost is time consuming and hard working desired and eventually non economical practice in mechanized agricultural systems, even though Compost is very useful source of improving the soil fertility and its physical characteristics and also the application of inorganic N and P are essential for sustaining high yield.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.375-377
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• 2012

BACKGROUND: Hairy ventch (Vicia villosa) is a good green manure for supplying nitrogen in arable soil. Ammonia emission from rice fields can occur, and the degree of this emission can be great. However, quantitative information of ammonia emission from paddy soil using green manure is required to obtain emission factors for rice cropping in Korea. METHODS AND RESULTS: Ammonia emission from flooding soil with different application rate of hairy vetch was measured using the closed chamber method. For this study, hairy vetch was applied at rates of 0 (control), 500 (H500), 1000 (H1000), 2000 (H2000), and 3000 (H3000) kg/ha (fresh matter basis). This experiment was conducted for 54 days under flooding condition. The total NH3 emission throughout the experiment period was 0.32, 0.54, 1.20, 4.20, and 6.20 kg/ha for control, H500, H1000, H2000, and H3000, respectively. The ratio of NH3 emission to applied nitrogen by hairy vetch for each treatment was 0.7, 1.4, 3.2, and 3.2% for H500, H1000, H2000, and H3000, respectively. CONCLUSION(S): A very small amount of ammonia emission was recorded in the present study. Therefore, the use of hairy vetch in paddy field instead of chemical fertilizer can reduce ammonia emissions.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.132-136
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• 2002

The rice straw managements are essential for maintaining soil fertility as well as reducing chemical fertilizer application in paddy field. A field experiment was conducted on moderately well draining alluvial paddy soil to investigate the decomposition pattern of rice straw. The mesh bags containing the rice straw harvested in the previous year were placed at soil surface and buried into around 10cm depth and recovered periodically for determining the straw decomposition. Pot experiments were conducted to investigate the fates of N released from $^{15}$ N-labeled rice straw under different levels of N fertilizer application. The overall decomposition patterns of rice straw were similar for the two incorporation depths in transplanted paddy field. The straw incorporated at transplanting date showed weight loss of about 50%, 70% and 90% after 2 months, 5 months, and 2 years, respectively. The decompositions of straw cell wall components showed somewhat different pattern. The decompositions of cellulose and silica were similar to that of dry weight while the decomposition of lignin was slower than that of cellulose and silica. N was released from rice straw 42% and 65 % of the initial N after one month and after five months, respectively. P release was faster than N release. Recoveries of rice straw-$^{15}$ N by rice plants were 10.2, 13.4 and 14.9% in 0, 120 and 240 mg N pot$^{-1}$ , respectively. Soil recoveries of rice straw $^{15}$ N were 17.3, 20.6 and 18.9% in 0, 120 and 240mg N pot$^{-1}$ , respectively.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.35-40
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• 1997

담수된 논 토양에서는 산소공급의 차단으로 환원상태가 조장되어 메탄가스가 생성되는데, 생성된 메탄은 확산이나 벼 식물체를 통하여 대기로 배출되어 지구온난화 가스로 작용된다. 본 연구는 메탄가스 저감방법을 구명하고자 벼 재배양식별 메탄가스 배출특성을 조사한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 벼 재배양식에 따른 메탄 배출량은 이앙재배, 담수직파, 건답직파순으로 많았으며 볏짚을 시용한 건답직파의 평균메탄 배출량($mg{\cdot}m^2{\cdot}h^{-1}$)은 10.27, 담수직파는 21.94, 그리고 이앙재배는 24.05였다. 2. 출수기의 시간별 메탄발생 양상은 오전 9시에서 오후7시까지 메탄배출량이 많았으며 밤에는 낮보다 메탄 배출량이 낮았다. 3. 메탄 배출량은 기온과 Eh와 높은 상관을 보였다. 4. 시기별 메탄 배출정점은 유수형성기와 출수기 무렵에 두번 보였다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제60권3호
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• pp.355-365
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• 2015

Environment-friendly growth enhancers for rice are being promoted to reverse the negative impact of intensive chemical-based and conventional rice farming on yield sustainability and environmental problems. Several rhizosphere microorganisms and pyroligneous acids (PA) had demonstrated beneficial influence on growth, yield and grain quality of rice. Since most of the previous study had evaluated the effect of PGPR and PA on paddy rice singly, the effect of combined application of these on the growth and yield of paddy rice and on some soil chemical properties were determined. A four factorial pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of PGPR, PA in combination with fertilizers and on different soil types. There were 54 treatment combinations including the control with three replications under complete randomized design. Plant growth parameters were evaluated using standard procedures during tillering and heading stages. Rice yield and some soil chemical properties were determined at harvest. Results showed that inoculation of Bacillus licheniformis and Fusarium fujikuroi enhanced plant growth by increasing the plant height which could be ascribe to its ability to promote IAA and GA production in plants. Inoculation of Rhizobium phaseoli enhanced chlorophyll content indicative to its ability to improve the N nutrition. However, these plant growth benefits during the vegetative stage were override by the fertilizer application effect especially during the maturity stage and grain yield. High fertilization rates on coarse-textured soil without nutrient loss resulted to high available nutrients and consequently high yield. Wood vinegar application however improved nutrient availability in soil which could be beneficial for improving soil quality. Further evaluation is necessary to fully assess the potential benefits that could be derived from inoculation of these organisms and wood vinegar application in different soil environment especially under different field conditions.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.897-899
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• 2012

본 연구는 대구획으로 경지정리된 후 5년차인 1 ha의 논 및 4대강 주변의 리모델링 농경지 밭을 대상으로 하여 그에 따른 화학적 특성들을 조사하여 그 포장내의 공간변이를 파악하고 각 성분들간의 상호관련성을 비교하고자 수행되었다. 5년차인 1 ha의 논에서 5 m 간격으로 총 $20{\times}20=400$점의 시료를 채취하여 분석에 이용하였으며 매립적토형 인위토양은 10 m 간격으로 $6{\times}9=54$점의 시료를 채취하였다. 화학성분 중 pH, 유효인산, 유기물함량 등을 분석하여 그 결과를 해석하였다. pH는 구미지역에서 7.1로 높게 나타났으며, 유효인산 및 유기물함량의 경우 모두 변이계수가 높았으며 이는 한 포장 내에서도 상당히 불균일하다고 볼 수 있었다. 왜도(skewness)와 첨도(kurtosis) 등은 그 절대값으로 볼 때 거의 정규분포에 가까운 형태로 보이고 있다. 안성의 논에서는 유효인산 (72.8) ${\fallingdotseq}$ pH(73.8) < 유기물(159.3)의 순, 구미의 밭에서는 유기물(6.5) < 유효인산(33.5) < pH(46.6)의 순으로 Range값이 높아졌다. 이는 상대적으로 5년된 토양에서보다 0년차의 토양에서 시료채취를 많이 해야 한다는 의미로 해석할 수 있었다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.671-675
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• 2012

본 연구는 2008년부터 2010년까지 경기도 여주군 능서면 오계2리 SCB 액비를 시용한 논에서 수질환경 부하 저감을 위한 물관리 방안을 제시하고자 시험을 수행하였다. 첫째, 액비가 시용된 경지정리된 논에서는 시용 직후부터 이앙 후 3주까지 물 흘러대기를 금지하여 시용된 양분의 환경부하를 최소화하면서 시비효율을 높이는 방안, 둘째, 액비를 최소 이앙 20일 전에 시비하여 토양 중 양분 보유 능력을 높여 작물의 양분 이용효율을 높이는 방안, 셋째, 액비 살포 후 바로 경운시 담수심을 5 cm내외로 유지하여 환경부하 저감 및 용수절감 효과를 높이는 방안, 넷째, 액비 중에 포함되어 있는 분변성 대장균은 논에 시용 후 48시간 후부터 소멸되기 시작하므로 최소 2일 동안 물꼬를 막아 논 표면수의 유출을 억제하여 대장균에 의한 인근 하천 수계 오염을 저감하는 방안이 있다. 그러나, 본 연구에서는 SCB 액비를 시용하는 평탄지 논에서 수행한 연구결과로 물관리 패턴이 다른 곡간지 논에서는 한계점이 있을 것으로 생각되나 액비를 시용하는 논은 대부분 시용이 용이한 경지정리된 평탄지 논으로 본 연구결과들은 외부 수질환경 부하를 방지하기 위한 영농지도 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제42권별호
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• pp.178-194
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• 2009