• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.141-148
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• 1991

In order to Investigate the extraction mechanism of barley tea in cylindrical packed column, pilot plant scale packed column was designed and constructed. And extraction conditions for steady flow in the packed column were searched. The main results of this study are as follows ; 1. Circulation of the stock barley tea before the extraction running was indispensable In consideration of inequality, gas, particles existed in packed bed. Solid-liquid equilibrium was initially maintained after the circulation. 2. Flow direction of solvent must be up-flow for maintaining the constant bed height and flow rate during the extraction. Paessure drop in pucked bed was similar to decrease ratio of extract concentration. 3. The porosity of packed bed was in the range of 0.24∼0.36 according to the particle sloe. And it was decreased as the particle size became smaller.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.497-501
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• 2005

This study deals with the removal of mercury species using a packed-bed column with spherical aminated chitosan material. These adsorbents revealed a high adsorption capacity for mercury species. Experiments with feed solutions of 10 ppm Hg dissolved in distilled water showed an excellent removal with a sharp increase of the filter effluent concentration after a total throughput of 900 bed volumes of feed water. Up to $95\%$ desorption was reached by using 3 bed volumes of 0.01 N EDTA solution. EDTA could be recovered by means of sulfuric acid with about $75\%$ efficiency. Almost the same results were obtained in repeated sorption and desorption experiments at identical conditions. The experiments demonstrated that the sorbents possessed practically no sorption capacity for alkaline earth ions ($Ca^{2+}\;and\;Mg^{2+}$). Their influence on the sorption of mercury was negligible. In experiments with spiked tap water of the Karlsruhe Research Centre and a feed mercury concentration of 0.01 mg/l, the breakthrough of Hg was observed only after a total throughput of about 6,000 bed volumes of feed water.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.497-503
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• 1991

The catalytic activities of immobilized gIucoamylase in a packed bed column and a continuous stirred tank reactor have been compared. Rapid production of glucose from liquefied starch have been studied through, the continuous liquefaction and saccharification using settling chamber. The immobilized glucoamylase with chitin gave the saccharification yield of 20% with the dextrin concentration of 100 g/l in a residence of 20 min. in a packed bed column. The half-life of immobilized glucoamylase with chitin was 19 days. The glucoamyalse immobilized in chitin and encapsulated with Ca-alginate gave the saccharification yield of 6% with the dextrin concentration of 50 g/l in a residence of 20 min. in a packed bed column. The Ca-alginate encapsulated and chitin immobilized glucomylase had a half-life of 25 days, which is 6 day larger than that of the immobilized glucoamylase with chitin only. In continuous liquefaction and saccharification, the glucose yield was 17% for the liquefied starch with naked barley concentration of 50gA in a residence of 20 min.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.104-113
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• 2020

Adsorptive breakthrough modelling is essential for design of a sorption packed bed. In this work, breakthrough modelling of the furfural uptake in bagasse fly ash (BFA) packed bed has been performed. Effect of various parameters like bed height (Z = 15-60 cm), flow rate (Q = 0.02-0.04 L/min) and initial furfural concentration (C_o = 50-200 mg/L) on the breakthrough curve of furfural sorption in a BFA packed bed have been studied. Enhanced breakthrough performance was observed for the higher value of Z, and lower values of C_o and Q. For C_o = 100 mg/L, packed bed operated at Q = 0.03 L/min and Z = 60 cm was found to have lowest adsorbent utilization rate of 5.61 g/L with highest breakthrough volume of 14.67 L. Bed depth service time and Thomas models well represented the experimental data points under all experimental conditions. It can be concluded that BFA can be utilized efficiently in continuous system for the removal of furfural. Overall, more than 99% of furfural was adsorbed in BFA packed bed at experimental conditions.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.1143-1149
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• 2014

The adsorption experiments of lithium ions were conducted in the fixed bed column packed with activated carbon modified with nitric acid. Effect of inlet concentration, bed hight and flow rate on the removal of lithium ions was investigated. The experimental results showed that the removal and the adsorption capacity of lithium ions increased with increasing inlet concentration, and decreased with increasing flow rate. When the bed height increased, the removal and the adsorption capacity increased. The breakthrough curves gave a good fit to Bohart-Adams model. Adsorption capacity and breakthrough time calculated from Bohart-Adams model, these results were remarkably consistent with the experimental values. The adsorption capacity was not changed in the case of 3 times repetitive use of adsorbent.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.329-334
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• 1990

In an attempt to develop a novel process for ethanol production from starch, a simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) process using Zymomonas mobilis and amyloglucosidase (AMG) was studied in continuous modes. Compared with a conventional cylindrical column type of fermentor, the tapered column type of fermentor was found to be superior in terms of reactor performance for ethanol fermentation. The tapered columm fermentor packed with coimmobilized Z. mobilis and AMG alleviated the problems which were associated with CO2 evolution and provided a significantly better flow pattern for both liquid and gas phases in the fermentor without channelling. However, the fluidized bed type of tapered column fermentor using flocculent strain of Z. mobiles and immobilized AMG showed lower productivity (5.2g/1/h) than that of packed bed type of tapered column fermentor(9.2g/l/h).

• Clean Technology
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.217-222
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• 2002

The effects of initial cadmium ion concentrations (50, 100, 200, 300ppm), and feeding velocities (30, 45, 60mL/hr) on the removal ratio of cadmium ion by Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 immobilized in Ca-alginate gel beads in a packed-bed column reactor were investigated at operating temperature $37^{\circ}C$. The removal ratio of cadmium ion with variable initial concentration was decreased in the following order : 50ppm > 100ppm > 200ppm > 300ppm. The optimum removal conditions of cadmium ion by Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 were initial concentration 50ppm, feeding velocity 30mL/hr.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.145-150
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• 2012

This study was accomplished using packed bed column reactors that contain nonsurface-modified polypropylene media and surface-modified media from hydrophobic surface property into hydrophilic property by ion beam irradiation. The objectives of this research was investigated the characteristics of organic compounds removal and microbe attachment from sewage of school cafeteria in these reactors. In 736.8 mg/L of the average inflow $COD_{Cr}$ concentration the reactors with and without surface modification showed 81.8% and 70.3% of average $COD_{Cr}$ removal efficiencies, respectively, which proves the $COD_{Cr}$ removal efficiency of surface-modified media reactor is higher than that of nonsurface-modified media reactor. After 90 days, there were maximum differences between modified system and non-modified system. In that time the maximum removal efficiency of $COD_{Cr}$ was 96.5% in modified system and was 85.2% in non-modified system that showed removal efficiency of surface-modified media system is 11.3% higher than that of nonsurface-modified media system. The average removal efficiency of SS was 80.4% for the surface modified system and 61.6% for the non-modified system under same condition. Also, the reactor of surface-modified media has advantage on microbe attachment and biofilm formation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Conference
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.340-340
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• 1998

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.32 no.1B
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• pp.85-91
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• 2012

Permeable Reactive Barriers (PRBs) using zero valent iron (ZVI, $Fe^0$) is a promising technology for in-situ remediation of trichloroethylene (TCE) forming dense non aqueous phase liquid (DNAPL). The objective of this study is to develop an enhanced treatment method of trichloroethylene-contaminated groundwater using ZVI packed bed with direct current (D.C.). A column experiment was performed to investigate degradation efficiency of TCE that was performed in three different combination of control (only sand), ZVI column (ZVI:sand, packing ratio 1:2(v/v)) and bipolar column (ZVI:sand=1:2(v/v) with electric current) in the test columns. As the results of this study, the degradation efficiency of TCE was improved with simultaneous application of both bipolar column compared to that used ZVI column. Because ZVI particles are isolated and individual particles act like small electrodes. In this experiment, it was indicated a basic material for application of bipolar packed bed as electro-PRBs that was effective degradation of TCE.