• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.131-135
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• 2013

The presence of ostreid herpesvirus 1 (OsHV-1) and the percentage of viral DNA detected in Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas adults were investigated monthly between May and November 2012 at three locations along the southern coast of Korea. Among 210 oysters examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis, OsHV-1 DNA was detected in only one oyster collected in August. The low detection rate of OsHV-1 DNA was consistent with the lack of reported OsHV-1-associated disease in C. gigas cultured in Korea. The sequence of the present PCR product amplified with the C2/C6 primer pair was identical to that of OsHV-1 ${\mu}Var$ except for one nucleotide, and the sequence amplified with Del36-37F2/Del36-37R showed a 605-bp deletion as in OsHV-1 ${\mu}Var$. Although these sequence data are insufficient to determine genotype, the results suggest that the herpesvirus detected was similar to OsHV-1 ${\mu}Var$. This is the first report on the presence of OsHV-1 in adult Pacific oysters cultured in Korea.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.447-452
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• 2009

We cloned the complete complementary DNA (cDNA) of a Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) cytochrome P450 (CYP450)-related protein using rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). The cDNA included a 1470 bp open reading frame that began with the first ATG codon at position 103 bp and ended with a TAG stop codon at position 1573 bp (GenBank accession EF451959). The sequence had all major functional domains and characteristics of previously characterized CYP450 molecules, including the heme-binding region (FGVGRRRCVG) and putative arginine codon (R) integral to enzymatic function. An NCBI/GenBank database comparison to other CYP450 genes revealed that the deduced C. gigas CYP450 amino acid sequence is similar to that of mouse (Mus musculus) CYP450 2D/II (28%, accession AK078880), rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) CYP450 2D/II (28%, AB008785), and white-tufted-ear marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) CYP450 2D (28%, AY082602). Thus, although the C. gigas CYP450 we cloned appears to belong to the 2D type of the CYP450 group, it has low similarity to this type. CYP450 mRNA expression increased over 6 h in C. gigas gills at $30^{\circ}C$ and $10^{\circ}C$, and then decreased, indicating that CYP450 plays an important role in C. gigas exposed to water temperature changes. This finding can be used as a physiological index for Pacific oysters exposed to changing water temperatures.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.684-689
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• 2017

본 연구는 참굴(Crassostrea gigas)의 패각운동을 이용하여, 연안역에서 발생하는 저염수에 대한 조기경보가능성을 살펴보았다. 30 psu와 20 psu에서 패각운동은 각각 $7.32{\pm}3.21$회/hr와 $7.11{\pm}3.90$회/hr였으며, 파형과 횟수는 차이가 없었다(t-test, p>0.001). 하지만 10 psu와 5 psu에서는 모든 개체가 폐각상태를 지속하였다. 수온과 염분의 복합실험결과, Group 1(수온 $15^{\circ}C$ ${\times}$ 염분 15 psu)은 20~30 psu에서 보인 패각운동 후(약 2~3시간), 장시간 폐각을 하였다. Group 2(수온 $30^{\circ}C$ ${\times}$ 염분 15 psu)에서는 Group 1의 패각 개폐운동보다 더 빠르고 자주 나타나, 참굴의 생리적인 위기상황에 대한 신호를 나타내었다. 따라서 이러한 파형은 하계 저염수 출현 시 나타낼 수 있는 조기경보 신호로 충분히 활용될 수 있을 것으로 보인다.

• 한국패류학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.107-114
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• 2010

To evaluate the culture conditions in oyster-farming waters, chemical and biological measurements were made in seawater and oysters from six bays around Tongyeong in November and December 2003. Nutrient levels in the seawater were higher in the western area than in the eastern area, in contrast to particulate organic matter and dissolved oxygen levels. The mean total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon ({\sum}PAH) content of the oysters was 194.5-375.9 ng/g dry weight, with four-ring compounds constituting 34.1%-79.6% of PAH. Despite wide temporal variations, a "western > eastern" spatial distribution of PAH was apparent. These low concentrations of PAHs indicate that Tongyeong waters are pristine in terms of PAH contamination. Among the hemocytic biomarkers, only lysosomal activity was significantly reduced in Hansan-Goje Bay, but did not correlate closely with PAH content. This finding indicates that the impact of PAH on cultured oysters is negligible around Tongyeong waters.

• 환경생물
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.145-158
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• 2008

본 연구는 2000년 12월에서 2007년 5월 사이 태안조간대에서 참굴(Crassostrea gigas)과 바지락 (Ruditapes phillippinarum)의 먹이원을 평가하기 위해서 굴과 바지락의 소화기관 내용물 속의 식물플랑크톤의 종 조성과 더블어 수증과 퇴적물의 식물플랑크톤의 군집조성을 격월로 조사했다. 조사기간 동안 수온은 7$^{\circ}C$에서 23$^{\circ}C$로, 염분은 34PSU에서 35PSU로, 각각 관찰되었다. 수중의 식물플랑크톤의 총 개체수는 옷점이 정산포 지점보다 높았고, 퇴적물 속의 총 개체수는 반대로 정산포가 옷점보다 높게 나타났다. 수중과 퇴적물의 식물플랑크톤의 총 개체수는 2월과 4월에 비교적 높게 관찰되었다. 규조류 중에서 Paralia sulcata는 항상 우점했고, 조사기간 중 정산포(St. J)의 2월을 제외하면 전체 식물플랑크톤의 41.3$\sim$87.9%로 압도적으로 우점했다. 굴과 바지락의 소화기관 내용물 속에 발견 된 종은 규조류 Paralia, Melosira, Coscinodiscus, Navicula속과 침편모조류 Dictyocha속, 와편모조류는 Prorocentrum, Dinophysis 속의 순으로 나타났다. 각 계절의 굴과 바지락의 소화기관에서 발견된 식물플랑크톤은 당 해역에서 수중과 퇴적물에서 출현하는 종 조성과 비교적 잘 일치했다. 굴과 바지락의 전중량과 소화기관의 무게와는 유의한 상관관계를 보였으나, 포식된 식물플랑크톤의 총량과는 직접적인 관계는 나타나지 않았다. 본 연구에서 P. sulcata는 태안 조간대에서 굴과 바지락의 중요한 먹이원의 하나로 항상 우점 출현하고 있다는 것을 제안했다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.559-564
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• 2000

진주조개와 참굴의 성숙한 모패를 이용하여 인위적으로 산란유발한 다음 수온별로 난발생 실험을 하였다. 진주조개와 참굴의 난발생은 수온이 높을수록 발생단계별 소요 시간이 짧아지는 경향을 보였으며, 적정 발생수온은 각각 $20{\~}25^{\circ}C$와 $15{\~}25^{\circ}C$였으며, 진주조개에서 초기 D형 유생에 이른 시간은 $20^{\circ}C$와 $25^{\circ}C$에서 각각 41.7, 27.5시간, 참굴에서는 $15^{\circ}C,\;20^{\circ}C,\;25^{\circ}C$에서 각각 35.3, 26.3, 17.6시간이 소요되었다. 수온 ($WT: ^{\circ}C$)과 발생 단계별 소요 시간 (h: hour)의 관계식은 다음과 같다. 진주조개-8 세포기. $$1/h=0.0463WT-0.6945 (r^2=0.9702)$$ 상 실 기. $$1/h=0.0196WT-0.2184 (r^2=0.8118)$$ 담 륜 자: $$1/h=0.0076WT-0.0802 (r^2=0.8756)$$ D형 유생: $$1/h=0.0031WT-0.0380 (r^2=0.9075)$$ 참 굴-8 세포기. $$1/h=0.0210WT-0.1123 (r^2=0.9862)$$ 상 실 기.$$1/h=0.0143WT-0.1077 (r^2=0.9833)$$ 담 륜 자: $$1/h=0.0052WT-0.0218 (r^2=0.9857)$$ D형 유생: $$1/h=0.0029WT-0.0170 (r^2=0.9689)$$ 이들 관계식을 기초로 하여 진주조개와 참굴의 초기 발생에 있어서 난발생이 정지하는 생물학적 영도의 평균값을 구한 결과, 진주조개 $12.3^{\circ}C$, 참굴 $5.7^{\circ}C$로 산정되었다.

• 한국패류학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.343-351
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• 2014

굴 부착기 유생의 부착 유인 효과를 조사하기 위하여 6종류(serotonin, ${\gamma}$-amino butyric acid, L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine, norepinephrine, epinephrine, methyl bromide)의 신경전달물질을 채묘기질에 직접 처리하여 굴 부착기 유생의 부착 유인 효과를 조사하였다. 조사결과 평균 채묘율는 각각 $29.1{\pm}2.2%$, $29.1{\pm}2.2%$, $19.2{\pm}2.1%$, $11.0{\pm}1.2%$, $15.2{\pm}0.9%$ 및 $42.7{\pm}2.7%$로 MB 처리구에서 가장 높은 결과를 보였고, norepinephrine 처리구에서 유의적으로 가장 낮은 결과를 보였다 (P < 0.05). 채묘기질 $cm^2$당 부착밀도와 부착빈도는 ${\gamma}$-amino butyric acid와 methyl bromide 처리구에서 각각 $1.97{\pm}1.42$ 및 $2.37{\pm}1.86$ 마리/$cm^2$로 가장 높은 부착밀도를 보였다 (P < 0.05). 본 실험결과 굴 인공종묘배양장 등에서 부착기 유생의 부착요율을 높이는데, ${\gamma}$-amino butyric acid와 methyl bromide를 이용하면 효과적일 것으로 보인다.

• 한국패류학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.139-146
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• 2013

굴 부착기 유생의 부착 유인 효과를 조사하기 위하여 6종류 (L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine, serotonin, ${\gamma}$-amino butyric acid, norepinephrine, epinephrine, methyl bromide)의 신경전달물질을 채묘기질에 직접 처리하여 굴 부착기 유생의 부착 유인 효과를 조사하였다. 조사결과 평균 채묘율는 각각 $29.1{\pm}2.2%$, $35.4{\pm}2.0%$, $19.2{\pm}2.1%$, $11.0{\pm}1.2%$, $15.2{\pm}0.9%$ 및 $42.7{\pm}2.7%$ 로 MB 처리구에서 가장 높은 결과를 보였고, norepinephrine 처리구에서 유의적으로 가장 낮은 결과를 보였다 (P < 0.05). 채묘기질 $cm^2$당 부착밀도와 부착빈도는 ${\gamma}$-amino butyric acid와 methyl bromide 처리구에서 각각 $1.97{\pm}1.42$ 및 $2.37{\pm}1.86$ 마리/$cm^2$로 가장 높은 부착밀도를 보였다 (P < 0.05). 본 실험결과 굴 인공종묘배양장 등에서 부착기 유생의 부착요율을 높이는데, ${\gamma}$-amino butyric acid와 Methyl bromide를 이용하면 효과적일 것으로 보인다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제26권12호
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• pp.1659-1664
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• 2013

The objectives of this study were to investigate color patterns of shell and mantle edge pigmentation of a Pacific oyster, C. gigas, and to estimate variance components of the two colors. A sample of 240 F0 oysters was collected from six aquaculture farms in Tongyeong, Korea to measure shell color and mantle edge pigmentation. Among the F0s, male and female individuals with black (white) shell and black (white) mantle edge were selected and mated to generate three F1 full-sib black (white) cross families (N = 265). Two and four F2 cross families (N = 286) were also produced from black and white F1 selected individuals, respectively. Variance component estimates due to residuals and families within color were obtained using SAS PROC VARCOMP procedures to estimate heritability of shell and mantle edge pigmentation. In the F0 generation, about 29% (11%) had black (white) color for both shell and mantle edge. However, in the F1 and F2 black (white) cross families, 75% (67%) and 100% (100%) of oysters had black (white) shell colors, and 59% (23%) and 79% (55%) had black (white) mantle edge, respectively. Spearman correlation coefficients between shell and mantle edge color were 0.25, 0.74, and 0.92 in F0, F1, and F2 generations, respectively, indicating that, with generations of selection process, an individual with black (white) shell color is more likely to have black (white) mantle edge pigmentation. This suggests that shell color could be a good indicator trait for mantle edge pigmentation if selection of both the colors is implemented for a couple of generations. Estimates of heritability were 0.41 and 0.77 for shell color and 0.27 and 0.08 for mantle edge pigmentation in the F1 and F2 generations, respectively, indicating that, in general, significant proportions of phenotypic variations for the shell and mantle edge colors are explained by genetic variations between individuals. These results suggest that the two color traits are inheritable and correlated, enabling effective selection on shell and mantle edge color.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제48권6호
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• pp.876-882
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• 2015

The aim of this study was to investigate changes in the biochemical characteristics of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas in response to boiling water bath ($85^{\circ}C$, $100^{\circ}C$) and autoclaving ($100^{\circ}C$) heat treatments for 5, 10, 15, and 20 min. The weight loss (7.6-9.5%) of oysters exposed to a $100^{\circ}C$ boiling water bath for 15 min was lower compared to those receiving no treatment. Oysters exposed to the $100^{\circ}C$ boiling water bath for 20 min lost 27.8% of their total weight. The $100^{\circ}C$ autoclaving treatment resulted in weight loss of 13.0-26.1%, with the highest weight loss occurring after 10 min of treatment (26.1%). Heat-treated oysters had significantly higher levels of crude lipid and crude protein relative to untreated oysters (P<0.05). In the heat-treated oysters, total amino acids (including proline and glutamic acid) were increased, but they were decreased by the 20-min $100^{\circ}C$ boiling water bath and autoclaving treatments. The fatty acid composition of oysters was not significantly affected by the water bath heat treatment, but oysters treated with $100^{\circ}C$ autoclaving for 20 min had decreased polyunsaturated fatty acids. Oysters exposed to the water bath heat treatment had significantly increased vitamin A content, but $100^{\circ}C$ autoclaving for 20 min was associated with reduced vitamin A content, as compared to all of the other heat treatments. Therefore, oysters were affected by heat treatment, undergoing metamorphosis and weight loss, but nutrient quality did not change significantly compared to controls, except with the 20-min $100^{\circ}C$ boiling water bath and autoclaving treatments.