• 제목/요약/키워드: pO157

검색결과 258건 처리시간 0.031초

제주도(濟州島) 대표토양(代表土壤)의 Andic 특성(特性)에 관한 연구(硏究) -III. Allophane 생성조건(生成條件) (Andic Properties of Major Soils in Cheju Island -III. Conditions for Formation of Allophane)

  • 송관철;류순호
    • 한국토양비료학회지
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    • 제27권3호
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    • pp.149-157
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    • 1994
  • 제주도(濟州島) 한라산(漢拏山) 남사면(南斜面)에 Toposequence를 이루고 있는 9개 토양통(土壤統)과 제주도(濟州島) 주요(主要) 토양군(土壤群)인 암갈색토(暗褐色土), 농암갈색토(濃暗褐色土), 흑색토(黑色土), 갈색삼림토(褐色森林土) 등을 대상으로 All-phane 생성조건(生成條件)을 고찰(考察)하였다. 지대(地帶)가 100m씩 높아짐에 따라 년평균(年平均) 온도(溫度)는 $0.8^{\circ}C$씩 낮아지고, 강우량(降雨量)은 110mm씩 많아지므로 지대(地帶)가 높아질수록 pH가 낮아지고 유기물(有機物) 함량(含量)이 높으며, 토양중(土壤中) Allophane 생성(生成)은 주로 Cliomosequence를 이루고 있었다. 년평균(年平均) 강우량(降雨量)이 1,240~1,420mm이고 증발량(蒸發量)이 1,290~1,320mm로 비교적 건조(乾燥)한 북부(北部) 및 서부(西部) 해안지역(海岸地域)에 광범(廣範)하게 분포(分布)하는 암갈색토(暗褐色土)에서는 Allophane이나 Al-유기복합체(有機複合體)가 거의 생성(生成)되지 않았다. 암갈색토(暗褐色土)를 제외(除外)한 토양(土壤)에서 유기탄소(有機炭素), Pyrophosphate 침출 Al함량(含量) 및 $Al_p/Al_o$비(比)는 $pH(CaCl_2)$와 고도(高度)로 유의성(有意性) 있는 역상관관계(逆相關關係)가 있었다. Allophane함량(含量)은 $pH(CaCl_2)$와 정상관(正相關) 관계(關係)가 있었고, 유기탄소(有機炭素) 함량(含量) 및 $Al_p/Al_o$ 비(比)와 역상관(逆相關) 관계(關係)가 있었다. 강우량(降雨量)이 많고 온도(溫度)가 낮은 고지대(高地帶)에 일반적(一般的)으로 분포(分布)하는 흑색토(黑色土)와 갈색삼림토(褐色森林土)의 경우 A층(層)에서는 pH가 낮고, 유기물(有機物) 함량(含量)이 높아 Allophane보다는 Al-유기복합체(有機複合體)가 주(主)로 생성(生成)되나, B층(層)에서는 pH가 높고, 유기물함량(有機物含量)이 낮아 Allophane이 주(主)로 생성(生成)되었다. 중산간지대(中山間地帶)에 널리 분포(分布)하는 농암갈색토(濃暗褐色土)에서는 유기물(有機物) 함량(含量)이 비교적(比較的) 낮고, pH가 높기 때문에 전토층(全土層)을 통하여 Allophane이 주로 생성(生成)되었다. 분석(噴石)을 모재(母材)로 하고 있으며 생성년대(生成年代)가 비교적 짧고 주로 경사지(傾斜地)에 분포(分布)하는 분석구(噴石口) 토양(土壤)에서는 고지대(高地帶)에 분포(分布)하더라도 pH가 높고, 유기물(有機物) 함량(含量)이 낮으며, 전토층(全土層)을 통하여 Allophane이 주(主)로 생성(生成)되었다. 암갈색토(暗褐色土)를 제외(除外)한 토양(土壤)의 B층(層)에서는 Allophane이 주(主)로 생성(生成)되었으나 배수(排水) 불량(不良)한 조건(條件)에서는 Allophane보다는 층형(層形) 규산염(硅酸鹽) 점토광물(粘土鑛物)이 주(主)로 생성(生成)되었다. 염기성암(鹽基性岩)에서 유래(由來)된 화산회(火山灰)를 주(主) 모재(母材)로 하고 있는 제주도(濟州島) 화산회토(火山灰土)는 일본(日本)을 비롯하여 세계적(世界的)으로 널리 분포(分布)하고 있는 산성암(酸性岩)에서 유래(由來)된 화산회(火山灰)를 주모재(主母材)로 하고 있는 화산회토(火山灰土)에 비하여 비교적 건조(乾燥)한 저지대(低地帶)에서는 Allophane보다는 층형(層形) 규산염(珪酸鹽) 점토광물(粘土鑛物) 생성(生成)이 용이하였으며, 습윤(濕潤)한 고지대(高地帶)에서는 Allophane과 Al-유기복합체(有機複合體)가 혼재(混在)되어 있었고, 비(非) Allophane질(質) Andisols이나 Spodosols은 발견(發見)되지 않았다.

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Bacillus polyfermenticus CJ6가 생산하는 항세균 물질의 특성 및 병원성 식중독 미생물의 성장 억제 효과 (Characterization of Antibacterial Compounds from Bacillus polyfermenticus CJ6 and Its Growth Inhibition Effect on Food-Borne Pathogens)

  • 정지혜;장해춘
    • 한국식품영양과학회지
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    • 제40권6호
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    • pp.903-911
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    • 2011
  • B. polyfermenticus CJ6가 생산하는 항세균 활성 물질의 특성을 규명하고 정제하였다. 생육에 따른 항세균 활성은 배양 4시간부터 나타내어 정지기인 배양 8시간에 최대 활성(102,400 AU/mL)을 나타내고 이후 급격히 활성이 감소되었다. B. polyfermenticus CJ6의 항세균 활성 물질은 $37^{\circ}C$에서 24시간 처리 시 활성의 50% 저하되고 $70^{\circ}C$에서 24시간 처리시 활성이 완전히 소실되어 열에 불안정하였으며, pH 3.0~9.0 구간에서 안정한 활성을 나타내었다. B. polyfermenticus CJ6의 항세균 활성 물질은 protease, ${\alpha}$-chymotrypsin을 처리 시 역가가 크게 감소하였으며 proteinase K의 단백분해 효소에 역가를 완전히 상실하여 단백질성 물질임을 추정하였다. B. polyfermenticus CJ6는 E. coli O157:H7, S. aureus, S. Typhi, L. monocytogenes의 식중독 세균과의 각각 공동 배양에서 배양 3~6시간 이내에 식중독 세균의 생육을 완전히 저해하는 것으로 나타났다. B. polyfermenticus CJ6가 생산하는 항세균 활성 물질은 SPE, recycling preparative HPLC, analytical HPLC을 이용한 4단계의 정제과정을 통하여 최종 항세균 활성을 나타내는 3개의 분획을 분리하였다. 정제된 물질의 분자량을 결정하기 위하여 UPLC를 이용한 ESI-MS/MS를 시행한 결과 3개의 분획에서 분자량이 다른 5개의 peptide(757.4153 Da, 750.3444 Da, 1024.5282 Da, 1123.6083 Da, 1617.8170 Da)를 확인하였으며 이는 기존에 보고된 bacteriocin 분자와는 다른 분자량을 지니는 것으로 나타났다. B. polyfermenticus CJ6와 식중독 세균과의 공동 배양 실험에서 B. polyfermenticus CJ6는 식중독 세균에 대하여 매우 강력한 항세균 활성을 나타내며 그 원인물질이 되는 새로운 항 미생물 peptides 물질은 천연식품 보존제 및 사료 보존제뿐만 아니라 정장용 제재, 식중독 예방 및 치료용 생균제재 등으로도 활용이 기대되며, 이를 위하여 분리된 5개의 peptide의 정확한 구조 및 특성 규명 등의 연구가 앞으로 필요할 것이다.

부착성요각류 Tigriopus japonicus의 최적배양환경 (Optimum Culture Environment of the Benthic Copepod, Tigriopus japonicus)

  • 박흠기;허성범
    • 한국양식학회지
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    • 제6권3호
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    • pp.147-157
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    • 1993
  • 부착성 요각류중 Tigriopus japonicus는 어류의 종묘 생산시 먹이생물로서 매우 중요한 동물성 플랑크톤이다. 본 연구는 T. japonicus의 염분 내성과 최적 배양 환경 (염분, 온도, 빛)에 대해서 조사하였고, 대량 배양을 하기 위한 2종류의 효모와 6종의 식물성 플랑크톤에 대한 먹이 가치를 조사하였으며 그 결과는 다음과 같다. T. japonicus의 염분 내성 실험에 있어서 배양 5일 후 포란 암컷의 생존율은 $0%o$$90%o$에서 각각 $40\%$$70\%$로 나타났다. 그러나 $2-80\%o$에서$85\%$ 이상의 높은 생존율을 나타내고 있어 이 종은 매우 광염성이라고 생각된다. T. japonicus의 최적 배양 환경은$24^{\circ}C,\;24\%o$, 3,000 lux 24 L : 0D였고, 이 때 한마리 암컷의 평균 산란수는 38마리였으며 평균 산란 간격일은 2.05일이었다. T. japonicus의 가장 좋은 먹이생물은 P. tircornutum였고 T. suecica는 먹이 가치가 매우 낮았다. 그리고 유지 효모의 먹이 효율은 빵 효모 보다 높았고, Amphora sp., C. ellipsoida N. oculata와 비슷하게 나타나서 T. japonicus의 대량 배양시 좋은 먹이라고 생각된다.

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Toxic Components of Auricularia polytricha

  • Kim, Ha-Won
    • Archives of Pharmacal Research
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    • 제16권1호
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    • pp.36-42
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    • 1993
  • To find biologically active components of the higher fungi of Korea, the carpophores of Auricularia polytricha, a well-known edible mushroom, were extracted with 0.14 M NaCl solution. The extract was successively fractionated by adding ammonium sulfate at various concentrations, and the respective precipitates were separated by centrifugation, then dialyzed and freeze-dried. When a does of 60 mg/kg of each was injected i.p. into ICR mice, the fraction which precipitated at 20% ammonium sulfate showed the highest toxicity, killing seven out of seven mice within two days. The fraction obtained at 40% ammonium sulfate showed the second highest toxicity. The two fractions were named auritoxin I and II after the genus name. However, they Nere shown to have nearly identical composition by physicochemical and 6.8% protein. The polysaccharide moiety was found to have 12.3% $\alpha$-linkage and 87.7% $\beta$-linkage and to be a heteromannoglucan consisting of 45.1% glucose, 435 mannose and 11.0% xylose. The protein moiety contained ten amino adids. The molecular weight of the toxin was $1.5\times10^6$ dalton by Sepharose CL-4B gel filtration. The modian lethal doses of auritoxin in mice were 56.4, 157.2 and 454.6 mg/kg by i.p., s.c. and p.o.administrations, respectively. The signs of intrxication were convulsion during the first 30 minutes after the injection, coma or sleeping within an hour, termor, lacrimation, nasal bleeding congestion, and death in 24 hours. Smong the various organs, the spleen was found to be enlarged remarkably. Human platelet aggregation was inhibited by the addition of auritoxin. The activity of malic dehydrogenase in vitro was inhibited by the toxin.

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Effect of Various Packaging Methods on Small-Scale Hanwoo (Korean Native Cattle) during Refrigerated Storage

  • Yu, Hwan Hee;Song, Myung Wook;Kim, Tae-Kyung;Choi, Yun-Sang;Cho, Gyu Yong;Lee, Na-Kyoung;Paik, Hyun-Dong
    • 한국축산식품학회지
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    • 제38권2호
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    • pp.338-349
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    • 2018
  • The objective of this study was to investigate comparison of physicochemical, microbiological, and sensory characteristics of Hanwoo eye of round by various packaging methods [wrapped packaging (WP), modified atmosphere packaging (MAP), vacuum packaging (VP) with three different vacuum films, and vacuum skin packaging (VSP)] at a small scale. Packaged Hanwoo beef samples were stored in refrigerated conditions ($4{\pm}1^{\circ}C$) for 28 days. Packaged beef was sampled on days 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28. Physicochemical [pH, surface color, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and volatile basic nitrogen (VBN) values], microbiological, and sensory analysis of packaged beef samples were performed. VP and VSP samples showed low TBARS and VBN values, and pH and surface color did not change substantially during the 28-day period. For VSP, total viable bacteria, psychrotrophic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, and coliform counts were lower than those for other packaging systems. Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli O157:H7 were not detected in any packaged beef samples. A sensory analysis showed that the scores for appearance, flavor, color, and overall acceptability did not change significantly until day 7. In total, VSP was effective with respect to significantly higher $a^*$ values, physicochemical stability, and microbial safety in Hanwoo packaging (p<0.05).

Assessing Changes in Selected Soil Chemical Properties of Rice Paddy Fields in Gyeongbuk Province

  • Park, Sang-Jo;Park, Jun-Hong;Won, Jong-Gun;Seo, Dong-Hwan;Lee, Suk-Hee
    • 한국토양비료학회지
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    • 제50권3호
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    • pp.150-161
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    • 2017
  • This study was conducted with the data of monitoring on soil chemical properties of rice paddy soils in Gyeongbuk Province. The selected soil chemical properties were analyzed every 4 year from 1999 to 2015. The soil pH measured in 2015 was higher than pH 6.0, which was 0.3-0.4 pH unit higher than data until 2007 survey year. The mean content of organic matter was greater than $24g\;kg^{-1}$ since 2003, but 35% of soil samples remained below the recommended level ($20-30g\;kg^{-1}$) in 2015. The mean concentration of available phosphate was maintained at $40mg\;kg^{-1}$ higher than the upper recommendation level ($80-120mg\;kg^{-1}$), and more than 40% of paddy soils tested were found to have less than the recommendation level during the survey period. The exchangeable K concentration ranged from 0.25 to $0.39cmol_c\;kg^{-1}$. Exchangeable Ca showed an average at the optimum range ($5.0-6.0cmol_c\;kg^{-1}$) during the monitoring period. Exchangeable Mg decreased linearly ($0.02cmol_c\;kg^{-1}\;year^{-1}$) from $1.55cmol_c\;kg^{-1}$ as of 1999 to below the lower level of the recommendation range ($1.5-2.0cmol_c\;kg^{-1}$). The amount of available $SiO_2$ was increased significantly from 2011 to over the recommendation level (${\geq}157mg\;kg^{-1}$). It was revealed that the soil chemical properties of rice paddy fields was influenced by topology, soil texture, type and region as result of principal component analysis or cluster analysis. Therefore, an assessment on chemical properties of rice paddy soils should be performed to consider various soil physical conditions and agronomic practices such as fertilization, cropping system, and so on. Because of the high variability of nutrient levels across Gyeongbuk Province, nutrient management based on soil fertility test is required by respective farm land unit.

한국 성인여성의 골밀도와 관련요인에 관한 연구(II) (Patterns of Bone Mineral Density and Its Causal Factors among Korean Adult Women)

  • 유무현;손부순;박종안;양원호;김종오;장봉기
    • 환경위생공학
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    • 제21권2호
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    • pp.47-56
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    • 2006
  • This study was to investigate relationship between osteoporosis and various factors. We compared the result in 390 women with under -2.5 bone mineral density (BMD, T-scores) with those in 370 women with over -1.0 BMD. According to WHO criteria, women with -2.5 BMD are regarded as patient with osteoporosis, while with above -1.0 BMD are healthy. We obtained the BMD(T-scores) data of 9.704 adult women over 20 year old. The following are the results of this study: The mean age of interviewed women was 45.7 years and their menopausal age was 48.6 years. Means of height and weight were 157.3cm and 56.9Kg respectively. The BMD was the highest in 30-34 year-old women, an average ranges were in the 35-44 year old group. The BMD decreased after 45 year-old. The early sixties women began to experience thiness of the BMD and the mid-sixties showed symptoms of osteoporosis. The formular showing the relationship between age and BMD can be represented as $Y=9.71X^2-2.71X+0.06$ (p<0.001). The bone mineral density decreased significantly with increases of age(p<0.001) and decreases of weight(p<0.001) in multiple regression analysis using age, weight, menopause age, height, number of pregnancies, number of children, and age as independent variables.

마린엑스의 항균성 및 두부에의 침지 효과 (Antimicrobial Activities of Marinex and Preservative Characteristics of Soybean Curds Soaked in Diluted Marinex)

  • 서권일;김용택;김홍출
    • 한국식품저장유통학회지
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    • 제7권3호
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    • pp.326-330
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    • 2000
  • 각종 식중독균에 대한 마린엑스의 항균활성을 측정하고, 두부에의 처리효과에 대하여 조사하였다. Paper disc법에 따른 항균활성은 100ml의 마린엑스 첨가시에도 시험균주 모두에서 강하게 나타내었으며, 마린엑스를 각 시험균주에 농도별로 첨가한 후 균의 증식을 조사한 결과 첨가농가 클수록 균의 증식을 더 크게 억제하였다. 마린엑스를 희석한 물에 두부를 첨지하여 상온에 저장하면서 pH, 색도, texture, 대장균수 및 생균수를 조사한 결과 두부 침지액의 pH는 저장 1일에 처음보다 낮아졌다가 저장기간이 경과함에 따라 조금씩 증가하였다. 색도는 L, a, b 및 ${\delta}E$값을 측정하였는데, 유의적인 변화는 없었다. Texture의 경우 hardness와 chewiness는 대조구에 비하여 실험구가 높게 나타났고, 대장균수 및 생균수의 경우는 저장기간이 지남에 따라 대조구에 비하여 실험구에서의 수가 현저히 감소하였으며, 마린엑스의 첨가농도가 높을수록 감소폭이 크게 나타났다.

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Characterization of Lactobacillus cellobiosus D37 Isolated from Soybean Paste as a Probiotic with Anti-Cancer and Antimicrobial Properties

  • Lim, Sung-Mee;Lee, Goon-Ja;Park, Sun-Mee;Ahn, Dong-Hyun;Im, Dong-Soon
    • Food Science and Biotechnology
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    • 제15권5호
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    • pp.792-798
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    • 2006
  • The probiotic characteristics of a total of 137 lactic acid bacterial strains isolated from soybean paste were investigated. Among those tested, the D37 strain was selected as a probiotic bacteria due to its acid and bile tolerance, and its strong anti-cancer and antibacterial activities. The D37 strain showed highly stable viability at acidic pH for 2 hr, and was very stable in 10% bovine bile. The viability of human colon cancer HT-29 cells was inhibited more than 60% at a $200\;{\mu}/mL$ concentration of D37 cell-free culture supernatant, and the degree of inhibition was concentration-dependent. The D37 strain showed a wide range of antibacterial activities against food-borne pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli O157, Listeria spp., Vibrio spp., Salmonella spp., and Staphylococcus aureus. According to phenotypic characteristics and the utilization of various sugars, the D37 strain was identified as Lactobacillus cellobiosus.

Screening of Lactobacilli Derived from Fermented Foods and Partial Characterization of Lactobacillus casei OSY-LB6A for Its Antibacterial Activity against Foodborne Pathogens

  • Chung, Hyun-Jung;Yousef, Ahmed E.
    • Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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    • 제14권2호
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    • pp.162-167
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    • 2009
  • Various fermented foods were screened in search of food-grade bacteria that produce bacteriocins active against Gram-negative pathogens. An isolate from a mold-ripened cheese presented antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The most active isolate was identified as Lactobacillus casei by a biochemical method, ribotyping, and membrane lipid analysis, and was designated as OSY-LB6A. The cell extracts of the isolate showed inhibition against Escherichia coli p220, E. coli O157, Salmonella enerica serovar Enteritidis, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Listeria monocytogenes. The antibacterial nature of the cell extract from the isolate was confirmed by eliminating the inhibitory effects of acid, hydrogen peroxide, and lytic bacteriophages. The culture supernatant and cell extract retained antibacterial activity after heating at $60{\sim}100^{\circ}C$ for $10{\sim}20$ min. The activity of the cell extract from Lb. casei was eliminated by pronase and lipase. Finally, the cell extract showed a bactericidal mode of action against E. coli in phosphate buffer solution, but it was bacteriostatic in broth medium and food extracts.