• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.580-592
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• 2022

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP) on lipid oxidation and protein degradation in Tan sheep meatballs during the frozen period. The meatballs were treated with LBP at 0.01%, 0.02%, and 0.03% and stored at -18±1℃ for 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 weeks. The effects of LBP treatment were investigated using the contents of total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), texture profile (TP), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), colour, and pH values, compared with 0.02% butylated hydroxytoluene treatment and the blank control. The results showed that LBP treatment significantly decreased TBARS content compared with the control, which confirmed LBP to be a highly effective component in preventing lipid oxidation of Tan sheep meatballs during frozen storage, and protein degradation in Tan sheep meatballs had a significant inhibition effect because of TVB-N value reduction. In addition, the colour, TP and pH values of meatballs treated with LBP were improved dramatically. To further determine the quality changes of the blank control and all treated groups during storage, the comprehensive score evaluation equation based on principal component analysis was obtained: Y=0.51632Y₁+0.29589Y₂ (cumulative contribution rate=81.221%), and the 0.02% LBP-treated group had a higher comprehensive score than the other groups, and the quality of LBP-treated meatballs was better as well. In summary, LBP may reduce or inhibit lipid oxidation and protein degradation, and enhance overall quality and shelf-life in prepared meat products.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.818-822
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• 2003

In order to investigate the effect of different sources of energy on intake and nutrient utilization from urea molasses mineral block (UMMB), rumen fermentation pattern and blood biochemical constituents, 18 intact and 9 rumen fistulated male Murrah buffaloes aged about 3 years and average weight 310.8 kg were randomly allocated into three groups of 9 animals in each, thus each group having 6 intact and three rumen fistulated buffaloes. All animals were fed individually for 90 days. All buffaloes were offered wheat straw as basal roughage and urea molasses mineral block for free choice of licking. Three different energy sources viz., barley grain, (group I), maize grain (group II) and jowar green (group III) were offered to meet their nutrient requirement as per Kearl (1982). At the end of feeding trial, a metabolism trial of 7 days duration was carried out on intact animals to determine the digestibility of nutrients. Rumen fermentation studies were carried out on rumen fistulated animals. After the metabolism trial blood was collected from intact animals to estimate the nitrogen constituents in blood serum of animals fed on different sources of energy. Results revealed no significant difference in the intake of UMMB in three groups. Similarly, the intake of DM (kg), DCP (g) and TDN (kg) per day was similar in three groups statistically. The apparent digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), ether extract (EE) and nitrogen free extract (NFE) was significantly (p<0.05) more in group II than group III, whereas the digestibility of DM, OM and NFE was similar in group I and II. The digestibility of crude fiber (CF) and all the fiber fractions i.e. NDF, ADF, cellulose and hemicellulose was alike in 3 groups. Nitrogen balance (g/d) was significantly (p<0.05) more in group III as compared to group I and II, which were alike statistically, though the N intake (g/d) was similar in 3 groups but N balance (g/d) was significantly (p<0.05) less in group III as compared to other 2 groups. Significantly (p<0.05) higher concentration of total volatile fatty acids (TVFA), total nitrogen (TN) and its fractions were observed in group I and II as compared to group III. There was no effect on rumen pH, rumen volume and digesta flow rate due to different sources of energy in 3 groups. Similarly the blood serum biochemical parameters (NH3-N, urea-N and total protein) were statistically identical in 3 groups.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.71-79
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• 2018

Objective: Gelidium amansii (Lamouroux) is a red alga belonging to the family Gelidaceae and is commonly found in the shallow coasts of many East Asian countries, including Korea, China, and Japan. G. amansii has traditionally been utilized as an edible alga, and has various biological activities. The objective of this study was to determine whether dietary supplementation of G. amansii could be useful for improving ruminal fermentation. Methods: As assessed by in vitro fermentation parameters such as pH, total gas, volatile fatty acid (VFA) production, gas profile (methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, and ammonia), and microbial growth rate was compared to a basal diet with timothy hay. Cannulated Holstein cows were used as rumen fluid donors and 15 mL rumen fluid: buffer (1:2) was incubated for up to 72 h with four treatments with three replicates. The treatments were: control (timothy only), basal diet with 1% G. amansii extract, basal diet with 3% G. amansii extract, and basal diet with 5% G. amansii extract. Results: Overall, the results of our study indicate that G. amansii supplementation is potentially useful for improving ruminant growth performance, via increased total gas and VFA production, but does come with some undesirable effects, such as increasing pH, ammonia concentration, and methane production. In particular, real-time polymerase chain reaction indicated that the methanogenic archaea and Fibrobacter succinogenes populations were significantly reduced, while the Ruminococcus flavefaciens populations were significantly increased at 24 h, when supplemented with G. amansii extracts as compared with controls. Conclusion: More research is required to elucidate what G. amansii supplementation can do to improve growth performance, and its effect on methane production in ruminants.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.119-125
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• 1992

Oxygen segregation in horizontal-magnetic-field-applied Czochralski (HMCZ) silicon crystals has been studied as a function of magnetic field strength (B) and crucible rotation rate (C). Along the axis of 57mm din. <100> crystals grown under B=2, 3, 4 kG and C=4-15rpm, the oxygen distribution was usually saw-tooth shaped and fluctuated unevenly. Compared to the conventional CZ method, this result seems to indicate that the horizontal magnetic field, at levels used in the present experiment, had a destabilizing influence on oxygen transport to the growth interface. On the other hand, as C increased, the oxygen fluctuation lessened, and [0] increased overall. At B=2 kG, an oxygen profile in a level of 27-36 ppma was achieved by a programmed ramp of C. Oxygen precipitation behavior of the HMCZ silicon during a simulated device manufacturing process was compared and found to be inferior to that of typical CZ silicon. The uneven oxygen profile in the as-grown state was identified as the major source of poor precipitation uniformity in the HMCZ silicon.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.16-20
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• 2004

Purpose : To assess perceptual, acoustic and aerodynamic measure of voice quality in patients with unilateral vocal cord paralysis before and after type I thyroplasty. Methods : The clinical records of patients operated type I thyroplasty in the Departement of otorhinoalryngolgy, Yongdong Severance hospital from November 2001 to November 2003 were reviewed. All patients uderwent a vocal function evaluation including perceptual, acoustic and aerodynamic measures of voice preoperative and on $60^{th}$ postoperative day. The perceptual and acoustic measures were obtained from recording of patients' reading a 'Sanchak' passage. The perceptual evaluation was performed by 2 speech pathologist using a 4-point rating scale. Acoustic parameters(voice range profile low(RAL), voice range profile high(RAH), average fundamental frequency(AFX), closed quotient, harmonic to noise ratio, jitter and shimmer) were investigated by Lx speech studio. Mean flow rate(MFR), subglottic pressure(Psub) and intensity were measured using the Phonatory function analyzer. The maximum phonation time was also measured. The data were statistically analyzed. A paired t-test (p<0.1) was used to compare preoperative and postoperative results. And multiple regression test was used to find which parameter was most correlated to improvement of postoperative voice quality. Results : Among aerodynamic parameters, Psub $(88.11mmH_2O{\rightarrow}58.7mmH_2O)$, MPT(7.87sec${\rightarrow}$12.53sec), MFR (359.8ml/sec${\rightarrow}$161.06ml/sec) were statistically improved. AFx(205.5Hz${\rightarrow}$163.27Hz), AQx(23.9%${\rightarrow}$48.3%), RAL, RAH. Jotter and shimmer were improved. In multiple regression test, AFx and AQx was noted as the two meost correlated parameters to improvement of postoperative breathiness. But general grade of voice quality was more correlated to Psub and shimmer. Conclusion : Vocal fold medialization procedures effectively reduce glottic gap. Increasing of contact area of both vocal folds induced improvement in aerodynamic parameters and leaded stabilizing of vocal fold vibration. That effect results in improvement in acoustic parameters (shimmer, jitter, signal-to-noise ratio, voice range profile) and voice quality.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.1599-1607
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• 2004

This study examined the effects of pre-slaughter fasting, chasing stress and chiller ageing on objective meat quality, and their relations to the proteome profile of longissimus muscle using 20 male Korean native black pigs. Treatments were composed of two levels of pre-slaughter feed withdrawal, two levels of pre-slaughter stress and four chiller ageing times. A 15 min chasing stress immediately prior to slaughter significantly (p<0.05) decreased detectable levels of $\mu$-calpain activity during rigor development and chiller ageing, but did not have any direct effect on objective meat quality. On the other hand, pigs fed until the morning of slaughter resulted in significantly (p<0.05) higher hunter L* value and cooking loss than those which received an 18 h feed withdrawal prior to slaughter. Cooking loss and hunter L* value were constant during 7 d of chiller ageing, followed by significant increases at 14 d. The fed animals showed a significantly (p<0.05) higher hunter a* value at both 3 and 7 d, while the other group maintained a stable redness for 7 d. WB-shear force was not affected by the pre-slaughter treatments, but had significant (p<0.05) linear reduction from 1 to 7 d. A gelbased proteome analysis was performed on selected animals for low and high hunter L* values at 1 d. Ten and five spots had greater than two-fold spot densities for the low and high hunter L* groups, respectively. The ten spots included chain A, deoxyribounclease I complex with actin, heat shock protein 27 kDa, a protein similar to cardiac $Ca^{2+}$ release channel, and myosin heavy chain, while the five spots included chain A aldehyde dehydrogenase, glycerol-3 phosphate dehydrogenase, and hemoglobin alpha chain. In general, feeding until the morning of slaughter resulted in more desirable meat color, but appeared to reduce palatability due to increased cooking loss. Proteome analysis demonstrated that various proteins were concomitantly involved in the determination of final meat color. The most noticeable observation in the current study was that various isoforms for a particular protein differed in degradation and/or expression rate depending on meat quality.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.133-137
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• 1992

A novel oral controlled release tablet which may offer more uniform drug level in the body than simple zero-order was developed. The tablet is composed of three layers; outer film layer, middle part compression-coated hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) matrix layer, and inner core layer. Each layer contains nicardipine HCl as a model drug. In vitro dissolution test showed that the tablet released the drug in clear three steps; a rapid initial release, followed by a constant rate of release, and then a second phase of fast release of drug. The dissolution characteristics could be modified easily by changing the grade of HPMC, thickness of matrix layer, content of methylcellulose in matrix layer, content of active ingredient in each layer. The pH of dissolution medium did not affect the release profile. This three-step release system is expected to raise the blood concentration rapidly to effective level and to maintain effective blood level longer than simple slow-release systems.

• ALGAE
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.245-259
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• 2017

We report on the culture growth and stress-induced secondary carotenogenesis in a biotechnologically promising but largely unexplored chlorophyte Coelastrella rubescens strain Vinatzer/Innsbruck V 195. Changes in the cell morphometry, biomass accumulation, its carotenoid and fatty acid profiles were followed in the cultures supplemented with either inorganic ($CO_2$) or organic (sodium acetate) carbon on the background of low-pH stress. Collectively, the results of the study characterize C. rubescens as a biotechnologically promising, potentially double-purpose organism. It produces several secondary keto-carotenoids with a considerable proportion of astaxanthin and canthaxanthin. At the same time, the cell lipid fatty acid profile of this microalga is suitable for obtaining a high-quality biodiesel complying with the strictest EN14214 European standard.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.697-705
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• 2010

This study was designed to investigate the effect of cranberry powder making pan bread. Cranberry powder at the level of 1 % (CP1), 3% (CP3), and 5% (CP5) was mixed with flour to make the breads. According to mixograph, the control, CP1 and CP3 except CP5 were found to bo proper between 3 and 5 min. in tenn of peak time (min). All samples for peak value were at the level of over 60% It meant that all samples were proper to make bread. By increasing the ratio of cranberry powder, pH, dough fermentation rate, volume and specific volume were decreased, and adhesiveness, springiness, cohesiveness and resilience except hardness were decreased in texture profile analysis. In crumbScan analysis, the addition of cranberry powder decreased the volume and increased crumb fineness of pan bread. In sensory evaluation, CP1 and CP3 showed good preference in aspect of flavor, taste, and overall acceptance.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.347-360
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• 1994

The general and some pharmacological actions of DWP 301 were investigated in animals and the following results were obtained. In central nervous system, DWP 301 had no effects on the pentobarbital induced anaesthesia, rotarod test, traction test, analgesic action, anticonvulsant action in mice and body temperature in rat. But DWP 301 showed a little decrease of locomotor activity at a dose of 3,000 mg/kg. From these results, DWP 301 was considered to have little pharmacological effect on the central nervous system. Furthermore, DWP 301 had no influences on the normal blood pressure and heart rate. DWP 301 showed no effect on the isolated guinea pig ileum, trachea, right atrium, and nonpregnant rat uterus. But, in the isolated guinea pig vas deference, DWP 301 had showed inhibitory effect on the contractions produced by norepinephrine. DWP 301 showed rise of gastric juice pH and decrease of urine volume. Also, DWP 301 had no effect on the gastrointestinal motility and blood aggregation. From these results, it is concluded that the general pharmacological effect of DWP 301 are similar to or weaker than M and AGA.