• 한국가금학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.231-236
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 Ross strain-208 브로일러 수컷 36,800 수를 기본 사료만 급여한 대조구와 기본 사료에 0.3% 점토 광물질 발효 산물을 첨가 급여한 처리구로 나누어 5주간 사양 시험을 시행하였고, 사육 후 육계의 최종 체중 및 일당 증체량, 육성율, 사료 섭취량, 사료 효율, 생산 지수 등에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 그 결과, 최종 체중은 점토 광물질 발효 산물을 0.3% 첨가 급여한 처리구가 대조구에 비해 유의성은 없으나 약 18.5% 증가하였고, 일당 증체량은 약 18.2% 유의하게 증가한 것으로 나타났다(p<0.05). 사료 섭취량과 처리구가 대조구보다 유의하게 21.4% 증가하였고, 사료 효율은 유의성은 없으나 약 2.7% 증가한 것으로 나타났다. 특히 육성율과 생산 지수는 처리구가 대조구에 비해 유의하게 각각 4.4%와 4.9% 증가하였다(p<0.05). 또, ND(뉴캐슬병)와 IBD(전염성 F낭병)의 백신을 음용 투여하였을 때의 항체 역가는, 0.3 % 점토 광물질 발효 산물 첨가구가 대조구에 비해 유의성은 없으나 각각 13.8%와 15.7% 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과로부터 점토 광물질 발효 산물의 첨가급여는 육계의 생산성과 면역 기능을 증진시켜 항생제를 저감한 친환경적인 고품질 육계 생산에 도움이 될 것으로 사료되었다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제1권6호
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• pp.759-767
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• 1997

In the present study, we characterized the non-vascular smooth muscle relaxant effects of a novel benzoyran derivative ,SKP-450 (2-[2'(1',3'-dioxolone)-2-methyl-4- (2'-oxo-1'-pyrrolidinyl) -6-nitro-2H-1- benzopyran) and its metabolite, SKP-310, in comparison with levcromakalim (LCRK). In the rat stomach fundus, the spontaneous motility stimulated by $10^{-6.5}\;M$ bethanechol was completely eliminated not only by $10^{-7}\;M$ SKP-450 but also by $10^{-6}\;M$ LCRK, which were blocked by $10^{-6}\;M$ glibenclamide. The inhibitory effect of SKP-450 $pD_2,\;3.94{\pm}0.66)$ was much less than LCRK $(pD2,\;5.73{\pm}0.38,\;p<0.05)$. In the bethanechol $(10{-6.5 }\;M)-stimulated$ urinary bladder, the tonus was decreased in association with elimination of spontaneous motility by $10^{-7}\;M$ M SKP-450 and $10^{-6}\;M\;LCRK\;(pD2,\;6.77{\pm}0.06)\;(P<0.05)$, which were inhibitable by $10^{-6}\;M$ glibenclamide. The inhibitory effect of SKP-450 $(pD2,\;7.66{\pm}0.05)$ was significantly more potent than that of LCRK $(pD2,\;6.77{\pm}0.06,\;p<0.05)$. In the rat uterus stimulated by $PGF_{2\alpha}\;(10^{-7}\;M)$, both increased tonus and spontaneous motility were eliminated by $10^{-6}\;M$ LCRK with slight depression of the tonus, but not by SKP-450 $(10^{-5}\;M)$. The stimulated trachea of guinea-pig by $10^{-6.5}\;M$ bethanechol was moderately suppressed by SKP-450 $(10^{-6}{sim}10^{-5}\;M)$ but little by SKP-310. In association with the relaxant effects, SKP-450 $(10^{-6}\;M)$ and LCRK $(10^{-5}\;M)$ caused a significant stimulation of the $^{86}Rb$ efflux from rat urinary bladder and stomach fundus, which were antagonized by $10^{-5}\;M$ glibenclamide, whereas the $K^+$ channel openers could not exert a stimulation of the $^{86}Rb$ efflux from rat uterus. In conclusion, it is suggested that SKP-450 exerts potent relaxant effects on the urinary bladder detrusor muscle and duodenum, whereas it shows much less effect on stomach fundus and uterus as contrasted to LCRK.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.143-153
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• 1996

To improve the efficiency of nuclear transplantation in the rabbit, this study were evaluated the influence of celly cycle of donor nuclei on the in vitro developmental potential in the nuclear transplant embryos. The embryos of 16-cell stage were collected from the mated does at 48h post-hCG injection and they were synchronized to G1 phase of 32-cell stage. Synchronization of the cell cylce of blastomeres were induced, first, using an microtubules polymerization inhibitor, 0.5$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml colcemid for 10h to arrest blastomeres in metaphase, and secondly, using a DNA synthesis inhibitor, 0.1$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml aphidicolin for 1.5 to 2h to cleave to 32-cell stage and arrest them in G1 phase. The separated G1 phase blastomeres of 32-cell stage were injectied into enucleated recipient cytoplasms by micromanipulation. After culture until 20h post-hCG injection, the nuclear transplant oocytes were electrofused and activated by electrical stimulation. The nuclear transplant embryos were co-cultured for 120h. In vitro cultured embryos were monitored every 24h to assess for development rate. After in vitro cultue for 120h, the nuclear transplant embryos developed to blastocyst stage were stained with Hoechst 33342 dye for counting the number of blastomeres under a fluorescence microscopy. The cleavage rate of blastomeres from 16-cell stage stage rabbit embryos treated with colcemid for 10h or aphidicolin for 6h following colcemid for 10h were not significantly different. The electrofusion rate was similar by high in S and G1 phase donor nuclei as 80.6 and 79.1%, respectively. However, the nuclear transplant embryos using G1 phase donor nuclei were developed to blastocyst at high rate(60.3%) than those using S phase donor nuclei(26.0%). Moreover, the mean blastocyst stage were increased significantly(P<0.05) with the G1 phase donor nuclei(176.6 cells and 1.50 cycles), as compared with the S phase donor nuclei(136.6 cells and 1.42 cycles). These results show that the blastomeres of G1 phase were more successful as donor nuclei in the nuclear transplant procedure, compared with S phase.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.1236-1251
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• 1998

연구배경 : 급성폐손상의 병태생리학적 기전에는 염증세포들이 분비하는 다양한 염증성 매개물질들이 매우 중요한 역할을 한다. 이중 특히 tumor necrosis factor-$\alpha$ (TNF-$\alpha$) 는 다른 염증세포들의 화학주성 및 각종 염증성 매개물질 분비에 영향을 미치는 proin-flammatory cytokine으로 작용하는 한편, 직접적으로 세포손상을 야기시키는 세포독성 cytokine으로도 작용하는데, 급성폐손상에서 TNF-$\alpha$와 폐조직 손상과의 직접적인 관련성에 대해서는 아직 구체적으로 확인된 바가 많지 않다. 또한, 최근에 생체내 방어기전으로 스트레스 단백질에 대한 관심이 높아지면서, 단핵구에 내독소를 처치하거나, 동물에 내독소를 투여하기 전에 미리 스트레스 단백질을 합성시킨 경우, 내독소에 의한 손상을 감소시켜 준다는 연구가 보고되었지만, 내독소 자극 자체만으로 스트레스 단백질 합성이 유도되는지는 아직 분명하지 않다. 이에 저자들은 내독소 유도성 급성 폐손상에서 TNF-$\alpha$ 분비와 폐조직 손상을 포함한 일련의 염증반응과의 관계를 분석하고, 생체내 내독소 자극에 대하여 폐포대식세포에서 스트레스 단백질을 포함한 새로운 단백질 합성이 유도되는지 여부를 분석하고자 하였다. 연구방법 : 흰쥐의 기관내로 내독소를 투여한 후 시간별로 기관지폐포세척액내 TNF-$\alpha$농도, 염증세포 백분율 변화, 병리조직학적 소견을 관찰하고, 또한 각 시간대의 폐포대식세포에서 sodium dodesyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis와 inducible heat stress protein72에 대한 면역화학염색을 시행하여 단백질 합성양상을 분석하는 한편, 폐포대식세포에 다양한 농도의 내독소 자극과 열처리를 가한 후, 배양상층액에서 tumor necrosis factor-a 농도를 측정하고, 폐포대식세포의 단백질 합성양상을 분석하였다. 연구결과 : 내독소 투여 후 tumor necrosis factor-$\alpha$는 첫 1시간째부터 현저하게 증가하여 (p< 0.0001) 3시간째 최고치에 이르렀고 6시간째는 감소하기 시작하여 12시간째는 정상 대조군 수준으로 감소하였다. 내독소 투여 후 염증세포 백분율의 변화는 2시간째부터 시작하여 6시간째 최고에 이르러 12시간째까지 지속하였으며, 장시간째에 정상 대조군 수준으로 회복하였다. 병리조직학적 소견상 폐손상 지표 점수는 내독소 투여후 6시간째 최고치에 이르러 24 시간째까지 지속하였다. 내독소 투여 후 분리한 폐포대식세포에서 첫 1시간째부터 장시간째까지 정상 대조군에서는 관찰할 수 없던 35kDa의 새로운 단백질 띠가 관찰되었으며, 면역화학염색상 inducible heat stress protein72는 관찰되지 않았다. 내독소 자극을 가하지 않은 정상 대조세포군에 비해 내독소 자극을 가한 세포군의 배양상층액에서 tumor necrosis factor-$\alpha$ 농도가 유의하게 높았으며 (p<0.001), 내독소 자극만 가한 세포군에 비해 열충격 전처치후 내독소 자극을 가한 세포군의 배양상층액에서 tumor necrosis factor-$\alpha$ 농도가 10 ${\mu}g/ml$ 내독소 자극군만 제외하고 모두 유의하게 감소하였다 (p<0.05). 내독소 자극만 가한 세포군은 10 ${\mu}g/ml$의 고농도에서만 35 kDa 의 단백질 띠가 합성되었고 inducible heat stress protein72는 관찰되지 않았다. 열충격 전처치후 내독소 자극을 가한 세포군은 모두 inducible heat stress protein72가 관찰되었다. 결 론 : 기관내 내독소 투여에 의한 급성 폐손상에서 tumor necrosis factor-$\alpha$는 폐손상 정도와 밀접한 관련이 있다. 또한 내독소 자극에 의해서는 폐포대식세포에서 inducible heat stress protein72 합성이 유도되지 않으며, 35 kDa의 새로운 단백질 합성이 유도되었는데, tumor necrosis factor-$\alpha$ 농도 및 병리조직소견과의 관계를 볼 때, 급성 폐손상에 있어 35 kDa 단백질이 방어적인 역할을 담당하지는 않을 것으로 보이며, 이에 대해서는 향후 더 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.311-323
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• 1994

This study was conducted to observe seasonal and individual changes in semen characteristics and sperm freezability, and sperm penetration into zona-free hamster eggs in Korean native goats. Buck response and change in semen characteristics to electrical stimulations was evaluated for four seasons throughout 2 years and percentage of motile sperm and normal apical ridge acrosome was investigated after equilibration and thawing for 4 seasons with 5 bucks. Sperm penetration rate was evaluated for 4 bucks. 1. Probe insertion at depth of 7cm and repeated stimulation for 3 sec was more effective(P<0.05) in buck response and semen collection than those of other conditions. 2. Semen characteristics from electrojaculation was signficantly(P<0.005) higher in spring and fall for semen volume, in spring and summer for sperm concentration and in fall for sperm motility than those in other seasons, respectively. However, there were no differences in total sperm among seasons. 3. Buck response to electrical stimulation showed significant difference(P<0.05) among individuals in all 3 seasons except winter. Significant individual difference in semen volume was only in spring and summer, but there was no indivudual difference in sperm concentration and total sperm in all season. 4. Washing of semen before freezing treatment was greatly(P<0.05) beneficial to sperm motility after thawing, no matter whether ejaculates exhibit egg yolk coagulation or not. 5. Sperm motility after glycerol equilibration was significantly(P<0.05) low in summer semen and motility after thawing was greatly(P<0.05) higher in winter semen than in other seasons. Freezability of unwashed sperm was significantly difference among bucks, but a yearly freezability of washed sperm after chilling and thawing were no differences among bucks and percentage of normal apical ridge acrosome were not different among seasons and bucks. 6. There was no significant difference in sperm motility after thawing between egg yolk levels in summer, although 20% level gave more higher motility than 5% level. 7. In summer, 3.2% glycerol and 3-h equilibration gave greatest percentage(P<0.05) of sperm motility and normal apical ridge acrosome after thawing. 8. Sperm penetration rate into zona-free hamster eggs was not different between bucks and seasons. Overall, it is concluded that to obtain maximum sperm output and successive semen freezing by electrojaculation method, buck selection with good response in all season could be basically considered and that seasonal effect on sperm freezability was more greater than that of individual bucks.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.372-384
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• 2005

이 연구에서는 Prevotella nigrescens (P. nigrescens)의 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)로 자극한 치주인대 섬유아세포에서 matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)와 tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)의 생성 양상과, LPS를 수산화칼슘으로 처리했을 때의 영향을 평가하였다. P. nigrescens에서 추출, 정제한 여러 농도의 LPS와 수산화칼슘으로 처리한 LPS로 치주인대 섬유아세포를 자극하여, Immunoprecipitation법으로 MMP-1, -2, TIMP-1의 단백질 생성 양상을, real-time polymerase chain reaction법으로 MMP-1의 mRNA 발현 양상을 분석하였다. 이 연구의 결과는 아래와 같다. 1. MMP-1은 단백질과 유전자 수준 모두 자극 시간과 비례하여 증가하여 48시간에 최대값을 보였다. 2. MMP-2단백질 생성은 1, 10 mg/ml에서 자극 시간과 비례하여 증가하였다. 3. TIMP-1 단백질 생성은 24시간까지 증가하다가 48시간에 감소하였고, 0.1과 1 ${\mg}g/ml$에서 증가하였으나 10 ${\mu}g/ml$ 에서 억제되었다. 4. P. nigrescens의 LPS를 수산화칼슘으로 처리시 MMP-1의 mRNA 발현은 현저하게 감소하였다.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.211-220
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• 1989

The aim of this study was to compare the response and their outcome of superovulation induction protocol in IVF-ET program. One hundued seventy seven infertile women were stimulated by FSH/hMG(group I, N=128), clomiphene citrate/hMG(group II, N=51), and hMG(group III, N=18) for the purpose of ovulation induction. The results were as follows; 1. The mean ages of patients were $31.9{\pm}3.8$ in group I, $30.6{\pm}3.3$ in group II, and $29.3{\pm}2.5$ in group III. 2. The day of hCG administration was $11.1{\pm}1.8$ in group I, $12.1{\pm}2.0$ in group II, and $13.7{\pm}6.8$ in group III. The hCG administration day of group III was significantly delayed compared with that of group I (p<0.001). 3. The terminal E2 pattern in group II was different from those of group I and III, but there was no significant difference. 4. The mean numbers of mature eggs aspirated were $5.5{\pm}3.8$ in group I, $5.0{\pm}3.3$ in group II, and $5.6{\pm}5.4$ in group III. There was no significant differences in the mean numbers of mature eggs retrieved among the three groups. 5. The fertilization rate of eggs was significantly higher in group II (67.9%) than that of group I (52.2%)(p<0.001). 6. The cleavage rate of group I (67.0%) was significantly lower than those of group II (93.2%) and group III (95.8%) (p<0.0001). 7. The mean numbers of embryos transfered were $3.3{\pm}1.4$ in group I, $3.1{\pm}1.3$ in group II, and $3.2{\pm}1.6$ in group III and the ET rate was 69.0% in group I, 77.3% in group II, and 100% in group III. There was significant difference in ET rate between group I and group III (p<0.005). 8. The pregnancy rates per OPU cycle or ET cycle were not significantly different among the three groups, but delivered and ongoing pregnancy rates were significantly different between group I (36.8%) and group II (p<88.8%) (p<0.05).

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.27-32
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• 1981

It has been known that ethanol stimulates the secretion of gastric acid regardless of its route of administration. Recently, however, some studies have challenged this view and claimed that ethanol inhibits the gastric acid secretion. This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of ethanol on the gastric acid secretion in anesthetized rat in respect to the route of administration and the concentration of alcohol. Normal saline (pH adjusted to 6.0) was used as standard perfusion solution and ethanol was mixed as 0.8, 1.7, 5, 10 and 20%. Four ml of perfusion fluid was given into stomach via gastric tube and drained from duodenal tube every 5 min. Acid secretion was measured by back titration to pH 6.0 with N/20 NaOH and expressed as ${\mu}Eq/5$ min. Low concentration of ethanol up to 1.7% in perfusion solution caused little changes in acid secretion, but moderate concentration such as perfusion of 5% or 10% ethanol solution inhibited both the basal and histamine-induced gastric secretion. Moreover, loss of perfused acid was seen by 20% ethanol, which means back diffusion of hydrogen ions into the gastric mucosa. However, intravenous administration of ethanol, maintained at the level of 0.1% alcohol in blood, caused significant stimulation of gastric acid. We, therefore, conclude that in anesthetized rat ethanol has dual effects on acid secretion, i.e., inhibiting and enhancing by oral and intravenous administration, respectively, but further investigation is necessary to clarify these effects.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.106-110
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• 2015

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effect of a new clomiphene citrate (CC) regimen on preventing thin endometrial lining in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients receiving CC plus gonadotropin treatment with a timed intercourse cycle. Methods: A total of 114 women with PCOS were included in this trial. Patients were divided into two groups and treated in accordance with the controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) protocol. In group A, 104 COS cycles in 67 patients were included, and in each cycle 150 mg CC was given for three days, starting from day 3. In group B, 69 COS cycles in 47 patients were included, in which 100 mg CC was given for five days, starting from day 3. The thickness of the endometrium was measured on the day of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) injection. Timed intercourse was recommended at 24 and 48 hours after the hCG injection. Results: Additional doses of human menopausal gonadotropin and the number of days of hCG administration were not significantly different between the two groups. Endometrial thickness on the day of hCG administration was significantly larger in group A than group B (4$9.4{\pm}2.1mm$ vs. $8.5{\pm}1.7mm$, p=0.004). The pregnancy rate was significantly higher in group A than in group B (38.4% vs. 21.7%, p=0.030). Conclusion: Three-day CC treatment resulted in a significantly higher pregnancy rate than the standard five-day CC treatment in a timed intercourse cycle in PCOS patients. Facilitating adequate endometrial growth via the early discontinuation of CC might be a crucial factor in achieving a higher pregnancy rate.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.219-228
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• 1997

To examine the efficiency of nuclear transplantation the influence of electrical preactivation of recipient cytoplasm on the in vitro developmental potentyl in the nuclear transplant rabbit embryos were evaluated. The embryos of 16-cell stage were collected and synchronized to G1 phase of 32-cell stage. The recipient cytoplasms were obtained by removing the first polar body and chromosome mass by non-disruptive microsurgery procedure. The separated G1 phase blastomeres of 32-cell stage were put into the non-preactivated and/or the preactivated recipient cytoplasm by electrical stimulation. After culture until 20h post-hCG injection, the nuclear transplant oocytes were electrofused. The fused nuclear transplant embryos were co-cultured with rabbit oviduct epithelial cells and monitored every 24h to assess for developmental rate. After in vitro culture for 120h, the nuclear transplant embryos developed to blastocyst stage were stained with Hoechst 33342 and their blastomere were counted. The electrofusion rate was similar to the non-preactivated and preactivated recipient cytoplasm(81.8 and 85.7%, respectively). However, the in vitro developmental rate to blastocyst stage with the non-preactivated recipient cytoplasm (57.1%) was found significantly (P<0.05) higher, compared to the preactivated recipient cytoplasm(20.8%). The cell counts of nuclear transplant embryos developed to blastosyst stage were increased significantly (P<0.05) more in the non-preactivated recipient cytoplasm (163.7 cells), as compared with the preactivated recipient cytoplasm(85.4 cells). These results considered better that non-preactivated oocytes, MII phase oocytes, were used for recipient cytoplasms in the rabbit nuclear transplant procedure.