• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.421-428
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• 2019

This paper describes a methode to extract yellow pigment from curcuma and turmeric containing natural color curcumin whose target color indexes of L, a, and b were 87.0 7.43, and 88.2, respectively. The pH range and extraction temperature used for the reaction surface analysis method were from pH 3 to pH 7 and between 40 and $70^{\circ}C$, respectively for both natural products. A central synthesis planning model combined with the method was used to obtain optimal extraction conditions to produce the color close to target. Results and regression equations show that the color space and difference of curcuma and turmeric have the greatest influence on the value. In the case of curcuma, the optimum conditions to satisfy all of the response theoretical values of color coordinates of L (74.67), a (5.69), and b (70.08) were at the pH and temperature of 3.43 and $54.8^{\circ}C$, respectively. The experimentally obtained L, a, and b, values under optimal conditions were 72.92, 5.32, and 72.17, respectively. For the case of turmeric, theoretical numerical color coordinates of L, a, and b, under the pH of 5.22 and temperature of $50.4^{\circ}C$ were 82.02, 7.43, and 72.86 respectively. Whereas, the experiment results were L (81.85), a (5.39), and b (71.58). Both cases showed an error range within 1%. Therefore, it is possible to obtain a low error rate when applying the central synthesis planning model to the reaction surface analysis method as an optimization process of the dye extraction of natural raw materials.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.12-19
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• 2004

This study was performed to investigate the optimum condition of protease production from submerged culture of oak mushroom (Lentinula edodes, Sanlim No. 5) and its enzymatic features. Among several combinations of media, the combination of wheat bran, corn flour, water and corn oil (WB+CF+W+ CO) yielded 84.8 U/g of maximum protease activity. This combination of ingredients, in spite of not being particularly protein-rich in comparison to the other media, allowed for good growth of the fungus and maximal protease production. Comparison of different growth medium liquids indicated that demineralized water afforded the best growth of the fungus and the highest protease activity. Acetate buffer and acidified water negatively affected The protease production peaked around 72 hr of incubation, and decreased thereafter. The molecular weights of produced protease were about 45,000 by Sephadex G-75 chromatography. The pH optimum for protease activity was 4, while maximal activity incubated at 37℃ for 1 hr was observed between pH 4~6. The optimum temperature of this protease was 55℃, and the enzyme was active over a broad temperature range (30~60℃), indicating that this protease would be suitable for a wide range of applications where. different pH and temperature are necessary, such as digestive aids, food industry, beer and tannery industries.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.28-35
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• 2009

H.264/AVC, a recently developed video compression standard, is used for various applications because of its high coding efficiency. Variable block mode plays important role in the high coding efficiency of H.264/AVC but involves significant computations to select the optimal mode. In this paper, a fast mode decision method for H.264/AVC P slices is presented. To reduce computations for mode decision, the proposed mode decision method skips the mode decision processes for small partition modes using distortions of SKIP mode and intra16x16 mode. The experimental results show that the proposed method can reduce encoding time up to 66.41% while maintaining compression efficiency.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.27 no.7
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• pp.805-811
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• 2017

In the previous paper, we isolated a bacterium that can hydrolyze various organic materials from soybean paste, including cellulose, lipids, starch, and protein. The activity and chemical properties of the crude enzymes produced by the isolate Bacillus subtilis CK-2 were further investigated. Cellulase showed the highest activity at pH 5.0 and $55^{\circ}C$. The stability of cellulase was maintained within the ranges of pH 5.0~10.0 and $20{\sim}50^{\circ}C$. Cellulolytic enzymes were activated by a $Co^{2+}$ ion, demonstrating the highest activity at a 0.45%(w/v) concentration of $Co^{2+}$. The optimal conditions for amylase were pH 5.0 and $50^{\circ}C$. The activity of amylase was stable within the ranges of pH 4.0~5.0 and $20{\sim}50^{\circ}C$. The $Co^{2+}$ ion was also necessary for amylase activity, which was the highest at a 0.2%(w/v) concentration of $Co^{2+}$. The optimal pH and temperature conditions of protease were pH 8.0 and $50^{\circ}C$. The activity of protease was stable within the ranges of pH 7.0~8.5 and $20{\sim}50^{\circ}C$. Protease activity was catalyzed by $Mn^{2+}$, which was the highest at a 0.125%(w/v) concentration of $Mn^{2+}$. The isolate B. subtilis CK-2 demonstrated a high activity of autolysin. Based on these results, we identified and suggested the optimal pH, temperature, and metal ion concentration in the use of the hydrolytic enzymes of B. subtilis CK-2 for industrial purposes.

• Journal of the Chungcheong Mathematical Society
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.315-327
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• 2022

In this paper, we investigate the transferred superstability for the p-radical sine functional equation $$f\(\sqrt[p]{\frac{x^p+y^p}{2}}\)^2-f\(\sqrt[p]{\frac{x^p-y^p}{2}}\)^2=f(x)f(y)$$ from the p-radical functional equations: $$f({\sqrt[p]{x^p+y^p}})+f({\sqrt[p]{x^p-y^p}})={\lambda}g(x)g(y),\;\\f({\sqrt[p]{x^p+y^p}})+f({\sqrt[p]{x^p-y^p}})={\lambda}g(x)h(y),$$ where p is an odd positive integer, λ is a positive real number, and f is a complex valued function. Furthermore, the results are extended to Banach algebras. Therefore, the obtained result will be forced to the pre-results(p=1) for this type's equations, and will serve as a sample to apply it to the extension of the other known equations.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.34-41
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of stabilization disposal and recycling on incinerated paper mill sludge ash as cement additives. It was investigated chemical(pH, ICP, TGA XRD) and physical(PDA, SEM) characteristics of the incineration ash. And the pozzolanic characteristics of incineration ash was applied to cement as additive to increase the compressive strength. The results were that the pH characteristic of incineration ash was strong alkalinity, the content of silica and alumina as a pozzolanic material was 50.97%, and the average particle size was $5.03{\mu}m$ respectively. When the ash contents as cement additive were varied in 0~15%(wt) of cement weight to explore the effect of the compressive strength on the solidified cement mortar, the proper amount of the incineration ash substituted was about 5~l0%(wt). Therefore we found that using the incineration ash as cement additive obtains the recycling of waste material, the stabilization disposal, the reduction of waste disposal expense, and the protection of environmental problem, too.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2002

Alkaline sizing characteristics of TMP (thermomechanical pulp) handsheets with AKD (alkylketene dimer) were studied under various conditions. The sizing degree of TMP handsheet was much lower than that of chemical pulp. Especially, the sized TMP handsheet dried at $20^{\circ}C$ showed no sizing features, but sizing degree of TMP handsheet was clearly Increased by heat treatment at $105^{\circ}C$. The sizing effect of TMP was also improved by addition of $CaCO_3$, but it was not affected by pH. Therefore, sizing effect of TMP with AKD can be improved to some extent by controlling stock condition and heat treatment of handsheet.

• Plant Resources
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.200-205
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• 2001

It was reported in our Previous paper that the fermented products from Gloeostereum incarnatum strongly inhibit the growth of six kinds of bacteria in human bodies. In this paper the appropriated conditions of immersing culture for the strain 8 903 of Gloeostereum incarnatum was analysed. And the output of the hypha and fermentative product was determined or compared. The prelimenaryresults showed that the appropriated conditions for the growth of Gloeostereum incarnatum are: (1)culture medium:glucose 3%; protein peoptne 0.2%; soybeancake power 1% yeast power 0.3%; KH2PO40.05%; MgSO4 0.03%; CaCO3 0.01%; vitamin Bl 0.001%; befor sterilization pH Value of six should be maintained; (2) temperature; 27f ~28f ; (3) time; about 200 hours; (4) ventilation; (30%∼50%)/min. The sigh of the end culture are: pH coming down about 4: remnant glucoses less 1%; amino nitrogens about 20%; time about eight days. In the aforementioned conditions, the output of fermentative product achieve to 2.5∼3g/L.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.74-82
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• 2001

It was reported in our Previous paper that the fermented products from Gloeostereum incarnatum strongly inhibit the growth of six kinds of bacteria in human bodies. In this paper the appropriated conditions of immersing culture for the strain 8 903 of Gloeostereum incarnatum was analysed. And the output of the hypha and fermentative product was determined or compared, The prelimenaryresults showed that the appropriated conditions for the growth of Gloeostereum incarnatum are: (1)culture medium:glucose 3%; protein peoptne 0.2%; soybeancake power 1%, yeast power 0.3%; KH2PO40.05%; MgSO4 0.03%; CaCO3 0.01%; vitamin Bl 0.001%; befor sterilization pH Value of six should be maintained; (2) temperature; 27$^{\circ}C$～28$^{\circ}C$; (3) time; about 200 hours; (4) ventilation; (30%～50%)/min. The sigh of the end culture we: pH coming down about 4: remnant glucoses less 1%, amino nitrogens about 20;, time about eight days. In the aforementioned conditions, the output of fermentative product achieve to 2.5 ～3g/L.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.232-237
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• 2004