• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2006.07c
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• pp.1731-1732
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• 2006

CMP(chemical mechanical polishing) process has been attracted as an essential technology of multi-level interconnection. However, the COO(cost of ownership) is very high, because of high consumable cost. Especially, among the consumables, slurry dominates more than 40 %. So, we focused how to reduce the consumption of raw slurry. In this paper, $ZrO_2$, $CeO_2$, and $MnO_2$ abrasives were added de-ionized water (DIW) and pH control as a function of KOH contents. We have investigate the possibility of new abrasive for the oxide CMP application.

• The Journal of Information Technology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2006

In this paper, we describe a study on the relationship between photographic emulsion manufacture and hardening test of films. The hardeners were prepared by condensation of equimolar amounts of trichlorotriazine with benzene- or naphthalene-based amino or oxy acids at 0 to 5$^{\circ}C$ and at pH 7, and used as hardening agents for gelatin. The hardening test of photographic emulsion was studied at pH 5.5. For example I(R=ONa) had strong hardening properties, I substituted with an aminobenzosulfonate moiety (R=$NHC_6H_4-p-SO_3Me$ where Me = K, Na) was a much weaker gelatin hardener, and when substituted with amino- or oxynaphthalene derivative (II, III) did not harden gelatin at all. Compound with 2 dichlorotriazine groups as IV exhibited strong hardening properties. The hardener can be used in photographic emulsion of film and showed very good hardening effect.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.152-158
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• 2000

This study was conducted to investigate the influence of feeding illite(yellow soil component) on meat quality of pork. 40 pigs were fed with commercial formulated feed (control group) and 1% illite added feed(treatment group). Pigs grown up to 100~110kg of weight were slaughtered in commercial abattoir. After chilling for 24hours, samples were collected from M. longissimus dorsi muscle, and stored at $4\pm$$1^{\circ}C$ for analyses. The physico-chemical properties was determined during storage days as follows. Ultimate pH was not significantly different between control and treatment(pH 5.58 and 5.60, respectively). Water-holding capacity measured using filter paper press method of the treatment group was slightly higher than that of the control group. Cooking loss of treatment group were significantly lower than that of the control group at 1 and 7 days(p〈0.05). Shear force between control and treatment group was not different. L*- and a*-value were not significantly different between the two groups(p〉0.05), but b*-value of treatment group was lower than that of the control group(p〈0.05). The drip loss of all samples was increased with storage days, and that of the treatment group was significantly lower than that of the control at 1 and 3 day storage. Meat color measured using NPPC pork quality standards was not significantly different between the two groups(p〉0.05), but marbling content of the treatment group was significantly higher than that of the control group(p〈0.05). Sensory characteristics of, flavor taste and tenderness did not show significant differences(p〉0.05), but juiciness of the treatment group showed higher value than that of the control group(p〈0.05)

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.58-63
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• 1984

Paper electrophoretic separation of octahedrally bonded (Ruc $l_{6}$ )$^{3-}$ has been carried out by using the specially designed migration apparatus. The supporting electrolyte solutions are as follows: 0.1M-HCl $O_4$, 0.05 M-HCl+0.09M-KCl, 0.1M-HCl, 5$\times$10$^{-3}$ M-NTA, 0.01M-HCl, 0.01M-HCl $O_4$, 0.01M-citric acid, 0.01M-K $H_2$P $O_4$+0.01M-N $a_2$HP $O_4$, 0.05M-borax, 0.025M-N $a_2$C $O_3$+0.025M-NaHC $O_3$, 0.01M-N $a_3$P $O_4$, 0.01M-NaOH and 0.1 M-NaOH. The (Ruc $l_{6}$ )$^{3-}$ appears in 2 to 4 peaks and is found in several chemical species such as (RuCl ($H_2O$)$_{5}$ )$^{2+}$, cis and trans (RuC $l_2$($H_2O$)$_4$)$^{1+}$, (RuC $l_3$($H_2O$)$_3$)$^{0}$ , (RuC $l_4$($H_2O$)$_2$)$^{1-}$, (RuC $l_{5}$ ($H_2O$))$^{2-}$ and (RuC $l_{6}$ )$^{3-}$. The retention value has been found to be highest in the 0.025M-N $a_2$C $O_3$+0.025M-NaHC $O_3$ electrolyte solution.n.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.21-26
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• 1998

Polyvinyl alcohol[PVA] is useful for the production of water-soluble packaging, paper, textile sizes. PVA and Chitosan are known as biodegradable polymers. PVA/chitosan blend films were prepared by solution blends method in the weight ratio of chitosan for the purpose of useful biodegradable films. Thermal and mechanical properties of PVA/chitosan blend films such as DSC, impact strength, tensile strength and morphology by SEM were determined. As a result, The ratio of 10.0wt% PVA/chitosan blend films were similar to PVA. Blend films were completely degraded pH 4.0 better than 7.0, 10.0 in the buffer solution. Also, Blend films were rapidly degraded enzyme(${\beta}-glucosidase$) solution better than pH solution by Enzymolysis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.13 no.1 s.29
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• pp.59-66
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• 1989

This paper is concerned with formaldehyde release from durable press finished rayon fabrics. $100\%$ rayon fabrics were treated with 3 kinds of commercial N-methylol crosslinking agents using a pad-dry cure technique. Aqueous extractions of fabric samples were carried out at $40^{\circ}C$ under pH's of 4, 7, 10. Formaldehyde release was evaluated for the types of resins, catalyst concentrations and extraction conditions. Results indicated that the higher concentration of catalyst leads to the more fixation of resin on the fabric. Total formaldehyde released to the extract was decreased as the catalyst concentration increased. For the resin types, the amount of formaldehyde released was in the order of DMU>MDMDHEU>DMDHEU. Free formaldehyde content in the extract was in the order of pH10>pH4>pH7. This result proved that resins are least resistant to alkaline hydrolysis and the N-C bond cleavage under alkaline condition. Under acidic condition, however, N-methylol formaldehyde was accumulated before the release of free formaldehyde. This suggested the C·0 bond cleavalge to form carbonium - immonim intermediate.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.19 no.7
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• pp.698-708
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• 2009

High rate sulfate reduction under acidic conditions opens possibilities for new process flow sheets that allow the selective recovery of metals from mining and metallurgical waste and process water. However, knowledge about high-rate sulfate reduction under acidic conditions is limited. This paper investigates sulfate reduction in a membrane bioreactor at a controlled pH of 5. Sulfate and formate were dosed using a pH-auxostat system while formate was converted into hydrogen, which was used for sulfate reduction. Sulfide was removed from the gas phase to prevent sulfide inhibition. This study shows a high-rate sulfate-reducing bioreactor system for the frrst time at pH 5, with a volumetric activity of 188 mmol $SO_4^{2-}$/I/d and a specific activity of 81 mmol $SO_4^{2-}$volatile suspended solids/d. The microbial community at the end of the reactor run consisted of a diverse mixed population including sulfate-reducing bacteria.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.15 no.2 s.70
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• pp.45-49
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• 2006

The removal of copper ion from aqueous solution by adsorption with bone char that made from spent pig bone has been studied. This paper was studied the effects of bone char dosage and pH. The optimal results show that bone char adsorbs about 96.5 percent of copper ion in aqueous solution containing 50 mg/L as initial concentration at pH 5.0 when the bone char of 5g/L is used for 30 hours. Increase in the initial pH of the copper solution resulted in an increase in the copper ion uptake per weight of the sorbent Freundlich isotherm model was found to be applicable for the experimental data of $Cu^{2+}$.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.123-130
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• 1977

In previous paper, it was reported that antibiotic substance such as tetracycline and streptomycin were produced by S'. albus subsp. and S'. globosus. And increase of mycelial growth of two strains, antibiotic production, and changes of pH range are extended to approximately 110-130 hrs in fermenting medium, there-after they decreased with culture period exception of pH range. Two Streptomyces spp. required commonly 4-5% starch as carbon sources and 1.5-2.0% soybean meal as nitrogen sources. However, 0.005-0.01M potassium phosphate dibasic, calcium carbonate (6mg/ml in S.albus subsp. and 2mg/ml in S. globosus), 0.01-0.03M, magnesium sulgate and 0.01M ferric chloride showed as optimal concentration for the growth of 2 strains. Mineral compoments such as zinc, manganese, cobalt, sodium and copper at the level of 10/sup -4/ -10/sup -6/M were observed. Especially, zinc ion showed toxicity to the growth of 2 strains at 0.005M. In relation with pH, there is a little difference in mycelial growth with cultural initial pH.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.61-70
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• 2002

This paper presents the engineering property of light weight soil made of soil mixed with recycled Styrofoam and stabilizer. Recycled Styrofoam is widely used for lightweight fill material because it has important geotechnical characteristics which are light, adiabatic, and effective for vibration interception. It is very easy to get the disposal styrofoam. For this study, dynamic compaction test, static compaction test and pH and leaching tests were performed. Based on the test results, it is concluded that the static compaction method is recommened to prevent from crushing materials and pH values of embankment materials are satisfied with these of domestic and RCRA configuration.