• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2013.08a
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• pp.267.2-267.2
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• 2013

In the citrate reduction method of gold nanoparticle (AuNP) synthesis, pH of the reaction mixture can have a considerable impact on the size and size distribution of AuNPs. In this work, effects of pH variation upon the size and its distribution were examined systematically. As the initial pH was change from 5.5 to 10.5, it showed an optimal pH around 7.5. At this pH, both of the size and the size distribution showed their minimum values, which was verified by transmission electron microscopy and UV-vis spectroscopy. This occurrence of optimal pH was discussed with the results of in situ monitoring pH during the reaction of AuNP synthesis.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.67-75
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• 2018

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of pressure distribution on the both foots with gluteus medius muscle intensive strengthening exercise in 4week. Methods: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of gluteus medius muscles strengthening exercise on the pressure distribution of the foot in 20 healthy adults. Four gluteus medius muscles strengthening exercise programs were conducted three times a week for four weeks. The pressure distribution changed of the right and left foot parts of the experimental group and the control group were measured and analyzed. Results: There was a significant difference in F1, F2, M1, M2, and H1 among the pressure distribution of the right foot of the experimental group (p<.05). There was a significant difference in F1, M1, M2, H1 and H2 among the pressure distributions of the left foot of the experimental group (p<.05). There was a significant difference in H1 among the pressure distribution of the right foot of the control group (p<.05). There was no significant difference in the pressure distribution of the left foot region of the control group (p>.05). There was a significant difference in H1 among the pressure distribution of the right foot between the group (p<.05). There was a significant difference in M2, H1 among the pressure distribution of the left foot between the group (p<.05). Conclusions: In the healthy adults, it was confirmed that the application of the gluteus medius muscles strengthening exercise had an effect on the weight shift during the walking due to the overall foot balance and the pressure distribution change of the foot part.

• Journal of the Chungcheong Mathematical Society
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.247-252
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• 2011

We study some properties of the Riemann-Stieltjes integrals with respect to the Riesz-$N\acute{a}gy$-$Tak\acute{a}cs$ distribution $H_{a,p}$ and its inverse $H_{p,a}$ on the unit interval satisfying the equation 1 - a = $a^2$ and p = 1 - a. Using the properties of the dual distributions $H_{a,p}$ and $H_{p,a}$, we compare the Riemann-Stieltjes integrals of $H_{a,p}$ over some essential intervals with that of its inverse $H_{p,a}$ over the related intervals.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.158-165
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• 2002

This Paper deals with the headlamp lens surface temperature distribution of p/c headlamp using the three categories of H4 halogen bulbs. Glass is gradually replaced by P/C for the lens material off vehicle headlamp due to the weight reduction and stream lined body of a vehicle. With this trend, the newly established standards for a headlamp with a P/C lens in Europe requires that the heat generated by a bulb should not distort the lens surface. Also the requirements fur the bulb of a headlamp are being enforced in U.S.A & Europe. However, such requirements are not established yet in Korea. By using three kinds (60/55w, 100/90w, 130/90w) of H4 halogen bulbs in this experiment, the surface temperature distribution and Max. temperature on the lens were measured. The results of this study implies the necessity of requirement fur the bulb off headlamp.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.451-459
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• 1997

Seasonal and spatial distribution of vascular plants were examined and related to soil texture, pH, moisture and nutrient contents in the riparian zone of the Balan Stream. In spring the area was dominated by Alopecurus aequalis var. amurensis, was displaced by Persicaria thunbergii and Humulus japonicus in summer. From the stream channel to bank, soil texture and pH were not significantly differentiated, moisture decreased, organic matter and K increased, and TKN and available P increased in June and decreased in August. DCA ordination analysis by species distribution showed spatially and seasonally distinct patterns seasonal difference was evident on axis 1, and spatial difference according to the distance from stream channel was clear, too. Both axis 1 and axis 2 scores were significantly correlated with biomass, pH, and phosphate. Species richness increased were significantly correlated with biomass, pH, and phosphate. Species richness increaed with increasing organic matter and phosphate, and decreased with increasing soil moisture and K. Biomass increased with increasing organic matter, but was negatively related to pH, moisture, TKN, available P and K. Available P was significantly correlated with biomass, pH, and total soil nitrogen. In conclusion, the distribution of riparian vegetation was governed by soil physico-chemical properties, which are primarily determined by how far it is from the stream channel.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2011.08a
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• pp.390-390
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• 2011

The size distribution of gold nanoparticles (NPs) is an important factor in their application to various fields of nanotechnology such as nanodevice fabrication, nanobio measurements, medical diagnosis, and so on, since the properties of nanoparticles depend on the size. As the pH of the reaction mixture was increased, the size distribution of gold NPs synthesized via sodium citrate reduction method was getting narrower and it finally became quite mono-dispersive when the pH was higher than ca. 7. 0.1M NaOH solution was used in controlling the pH, while the ratio between sodium citrate and HAuCl4 was fixed to 3:1 whose initial pH was about 5. Scanning and tunneling electron microscopy and UV/Vis spectrometry were used to characterize the resulting Au NPs. The change of the size distribution of the NPs was discussed with the change of the reaction rate related to the change of hydroxyl ion concentration.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.56-60
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• 1990

The changes in the partition coefficient of model proteins (lysozyme, myoglobin, conalbumin, bovine serum albumin) in an aqueous two-phase system formed by polyethylene glycol and dextran were examined in order to improve the capacity of counter current distribution for the protein fractionation and concentration. The protein distribution patterns in CCD with 30 tubes varied with the pH of the system, and both theoretical and measured values agreed well. From the mixture of model protein, pure BSA fraction was appeared at the upper-phase of 14th tube having pH 4.5, pure myoglobin at the lower-phase of the 16th be with pH 6.5 and conalbumin at the lower-phase of 4th tube with pH 12. The result indicated the possible use of CCD method for protein fractionation, if the partition coefficient of proteins was manipulated by pH and other means.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.177-182
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• 1990

The changes in the partition coefficient of model proteins (lysozyme, myoglobin, conalbumin, bovine serum albumin) in an aqueous two·phase system formed by polyethylene glycol and dextran were examined in order to improve the capacity of counter current distribution (CCD) for the protein fractionation and concentration . The protein distribution pattern in CCD with 30 tubes varied with the pH (4.5, 5.5, 6.5, 9.0, 12.0) and KCl concentration (0mM, 50mM, 250mM, 500mM) of the system. From the mixture of model proteins, pure myoglobin was appeared at the upperphase of 14th tube having 50mM of KCl at pH 5.5 and the upper-phase of 13th tube having 250mM of KCl at pH 6.5. Similarly pure BSA was obtained at the 14th tube having KCl 250mM with pH 4.5, pure lysozyme at the 19th tube having 500mM of KCl at pH 4.5 and the upper-phase of 16th tube 50mM of KCl at pH 5.5.

• 한국해양학회지
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 1968

Two major processes that affect the vertical distribution of apparent pH in the Subarctic region of the Northeastern Pacific Ocean are (1) apparent oxygen utilization by marine organisms and (2) carbonate dissolution. Simplified mathematical approximations show that, in the pH ravge of 7.2 to 8.3, the utilization of 0.1 mM of oxygen (2.24 ml/liter) lowers the pH by 0.20 units and 0.1 mM of carbonate dissolution increases the pH by 0.25 units. Since Oxygen utilization exceeds 0.3 mM while the carbonate dissolution, with respect to the surface, is about 0.05mM, the effect of oxygen utilization is much greater than the dissolution effect of carbonate on the pH of seawater.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.814-817
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• 2011

In this letter, the distributions of direct current (DC) coefficients for P-frames in H.264/AVC are analyzed, and the distortion model of the Gaussian source under the quantization of the dead-zone plus-uniform threshold quantization with uniform reconstruction quantizer is derived. Experimental results show that the DC coefficients of P-frames are best approximated by the Laplacian distribution and the Gaussian distribution at small quantization step sizes and at large quantization step sizes, respectively.