• KIEAE Journal
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.47-53
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• 2009

To know the effect of smells from eco-friend and existing interior construction materials to human response, EEG of subjects' were measured. EEG signals were measured from 8 electrodes according to the international 10-20 system (Fp1, Fp2, F3, F4, Fc3, Fc4, P3, P4) from 10 healthy subjects in seven odor construction material. Followings are results. When stimuli of smell were suggested, non-stimuli pattern of ${\alpha}$-wave is largely in right occipitallobe part and rare in frontallobe part respectively. In case of eco-friend materials' smell, there is a activation of EEG in right occipitallobe part for every stimuli. But in case of eco-friend paint and Hwang-to, ${\alpha}$-wave is appeared in most part of brain even in frontallobe part. Especially for wet cedar case, activation of brain is very positive in right occipitallobe part and in frontallobe part. When comparing the normalized sensitivity of ${\beta}$-wave which appears in negative response, the preference ratio order is like this. Normal paint ${\rightarrow}$ MDF ${\rightarrow}$ Eco-friend paint ${\rightarrow}$ Gypsum board ${\rightarrow}$ Cedar ${\rightarrow}$ Wet cedar ${\rightarrow}$ Hwang-to.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.123-131
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• 2020

In this study, we investigated the protective effects of a Neutrase enzymatic hydrolysate derived from Korea pen shell Atrina pectinata (APN) against hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)-induced oxidative damage in hepatocytes. First, we confirmed that APN has antioxidant activities by scavenging 2,2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid radical (ABTS⁺) and H₂O₂ and increasing oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) value. Also, the treatment of APN increased the cell viability by reducing the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in H₂O₂-stimulated hepatocytes. In addition, APN decreased the sub-G₁ DNA contents and the apoptotic body formation increased by H₂O₂ stimulation. Moreover, APN modulated the protein expression of apoptosis related molecules (Bcl-2, Bax and p53) by suppressing the activation of nuclear factor NFkB and ERK/p38 signaling in H₂O₂-stimulated hepatocytes. Furthermore, APN led to the activation of Nrf2/HO-1signaling known as antioxidant systems. These results suggest APN protects hepatocytes against oxidative damages caused by H₂O₂ stimulation.

• Proceedings of the KSAR Conference
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• 2003.06a
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• pp.28-28
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• 2003

Haploid parthenotes have been shown to be developmentally delayed compared with diploid parthenogenetic embryos in the mouse and pig. These developmental defects have been hypothesized to rusult from insufficient parthenogenetic activation, suboptimal in vitro culture conditions, or genemic imprinting. In the present study we compared the incidence of apoptosis and apoptosis related gene expression in pig haploid, diploid parthenotes and fertilized embryos. In vitro matured porcine oocytes were activated by electrical stimulation. Haploid activated oocytes with two polar bodies under stereomicroscopy were defined haploid parthenotes, oocytes with one polar body were defined as diploid parthenotes after 3h cycloheximide teatment. The morphological analysis of apoptosis in embryos was carried out using propidium iodide staining and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick end labeling. The expression of Bcl-xL, Bak and P53 in haploid, diploid and in vivo fertilized blastocysts was determined using RT-PCR. Lower number of the haploid pig parthenotes developed to the morulae and blastocysts compared to the diploid parthnotes. Number of cells significantly lower in the haploid-derived blastocysts than diploid-derived it. Developmentally retarded haploid parthenotes exibited apoptosis at a significantly higher frequency than did diploid parthenotes and fertilized embryos. Level of Bcl-xL expression, diploid parthenotes similar to in vivo-derived it was higher than haploid parthenotes. However, Bak and P53 mRNA expression were not different among haploid, diploid, and fertilized embryos. This result suggested that parthenogenetic activation and parthenogenesis themselves do not cause apoptosis, but haploid increases the incidence of apoptosis in preimplantation embryos. Apoptosis may be due to decrease expression of Bcl-xL in haploid parthenotes developing in vitro.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.453-465
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• 2000

Background : Lung carcinogenesis is a multistage process involving alterations in multiple genes and diverse pathway. Mutational activation of oncogenes and inactivation of tumor suppressor genes, and subsequent increased genetic instability are the major genetic events. The p53 gene and FHIT gene as tumor suppressor genes contribute to the pathogenesis of lung cancer, evidenced by mutation, microsatellite instability(MI) and loss of heterozygosity(LOH). Methods : We analysed genetic mutations of p53 and FHIT gene in 29 surgical specimens of nonsmall cell lung cancer using PCR-single strand conformation polymorphism, DNA sequencing and RT-PCR. MI and LOH were analyzed in loci of D3S1285, D9S171, and TP53. Results : In 2 cases, point mutation of p53 gene was observed on exon 5. MI of 3 times and LOH of 14 times were observed in at least one locus. In terms of the location of microsatellite, D3S1285 as a marker of FH1T was observed in 5 cases out of 26 specimens; D9S171 as a marker of p16 in 5 out of 17; and TP53 as a marker of p53 in 7 out of 27. In view of histologic type, squamous cell carcinoma presented higher frequency of microsatellite alteration, compared to others. Mutation of FHIT gene was observed in 11 cases and 6 cases of those were point mutation as a silent substitution on exon 8. FHIT mRNA expression exhibited deletion on exon 6 to 9 in 4 cases among 15 specimens, presenting beta-actin normally. Conclusion : Our results show comparable frequency of genetic alteration in nonsmall cell lung cancer to previous studies of Western countries. Microsatellite analysis might have a role as a tumor marker especially in squamous cell carcinoma. Understanding molecular abnormalities involved in the pathogenesis could potentially lead to prevention, earlier diagnosis and the development of novel investigational approaches to the treatment of lung cancer.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.53 no.6
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• pp.595-611
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• 2002

Akt/PKB protein kinase B, ALI acute lung injury, ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome, CREB C-AMP response element binding protein, ERK extracelluar signal-related kinase, fMLP fMet-Leu-Phe, G-CSF granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, IL interleukin, ILK integrin-linked kinase, JNK Jun N-terminal kinase, LPS lipopolysaccharide, MAP mitogen-activated protein, MEK MAP/ERK kinase, MIP-2 macrophage inflammatory protein-2, MMP matrix metalloproteinase, MPO myeloperoxidase, NADPH nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, NE neutrophil elastase, NF-kB nuclear factor-kappa B, NOS nitric oxide synthase, p38 MAPK p38 mitogen activated protein kinase, PAF platelet activating factor, PAKs P21-activated kinases, PMN polymorphonuclear leukocytes, PI3-K phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, PyK proline-rich tyrosine kinase, ROS reactive oxygen species, TNF-${\alpha}$ tumor necrosis factor-a.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.123-130
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• 1997

To develop the prediction program for quality change of Citrus unshiu during marketing, we examined the quality characteristics of Citrus unshiu stored at experimental refrigerator set to 4, 8, 12 and 16$^{\circ}C$ for 2 months. According to the storage temperature the changes of quality characteristics were different respectively, but it was most severe during 16$^{\circ}C$ storage. Activation energy and Q10 value were 6683.16 cal/mol K and 1.53 respectively. The determination coefficient of regression equation of pH, acidity and vitamin C by surface response analysis were over 0.85. Using these regression equation, we developed the prediction program for the change of pH, acidity and vitamin C contents. The calculated values and experimental values of pH, acidity and vitamin C contents for short-term storage of Citrus unshiu were coincided well.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.135-142
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• 2016

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the acute effect of walking on high heels on the behavior of fascicle length and activation of the lower limb muscles. Methods: Twelve healthy inexperienced high heel wearers (age: $23.1{\pm}2.0yr$, height: $162.4{\pm}4.9cm$, weight: $54.4{\pm}8.5kg$) participated in this study. They walked in high heels (7 cm) and barefoot on a treadmill at their preferred speed. During the gait analysis, the lower limb joint kinematics were obtained using a motion analysis system. In addition, the changes in fascicle length and the level of activation of the medial gastrocnemius (MG) were simultaneously monitored using a real-time ultrasound imaging technique and surface electromyography, respectively. Results: The results of this study show that the MG fascicle operates at a significantly shorter length in high heel walking ($37.64{\pm}8.59mm$ to $43.99{\pm}8.66mm$) in comparison with barefoot walking ($48.26{\pm}9.02mm$ to $53.99{\pm}8.54mm$) (p < .05). In addition, the MG fascicle underwent lengthening during high heel walking with relatively low muscle activation while it remained isometric during barefoot walking with relatively high muscle activation. Conclusion: Wearing high heels alters the operating range of the MG fascicle length and the pattern of muscle activation, suggesting that prolonged wearing of high heels might induce structural alterations of the MG that, in turn, hinder normal functioning of the MG muscle during walking.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.246-252
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• 2002

Purpose : It has been recognized that interaction of the Fas : Fas ligand plays an important role in radiation-induced apoptosis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of Fas mutation in radiation-induced apoptosis in vivo. Materials and Method : Mice with mutations in Fas, $MRL/Mpj-Fas^{Ipr}$, and its normal control, MRL/Mpj, were used in this study. Eight-week old male mice were given whole body radiation. After irradiation, the mice were killed and their spleens were collected at different time intervals. Tissue samples were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and the numbers of apoptotic cells were scored. Regulating molecules of apoptosis including p53, Bcl-2, Bax, $Bcl-X_L,\;and\;Bcl-X_S$ were also analyzed by Western blotting. Results : At 25 Gy irradiation, the level of apoptosis reached the peak value at 8 hr after radiation and recovered to the normal value at 24 hr after radiation in MRL/Mpj mice. In contrast, the peak apoptosis level appeared at 4 hr after radiation in $MRL/Mpj-Fas^{Ipr}$. At 8 hr after radiation, the levels of apoptosis in MRL/Mpj mice and $MRL/Mpj-Fas^{Ipr}$ mice were $52.3{\pm}7.8\%\;and\;8.0{\pm}8.6\%$, respectively (p<0.05). The expression of apoptosis regulating molecules, p53, $Bcl-X_L\;and\;Bcl-X_S$, increased in MRL/Mpj mice in response to radiation; p53 with a peak level of 3-fold at 8 h, $Bcl-X_L$ with a peak level of 3.3-fold at 12 h, and $Bcl-X_S$ with a peak level of 3-fold at 12 h after 25 Gy radiation. Bcl-2 and Bax did not show significant change in MRL/Mpj mice. However in $MRL/Mpj-Fas^{Ipr}$ mice, the expression levels of p53, Bcl-2, Bax, $BCl-X_L\;and\;BCl-X_S$ showed no significant change. Conclusion : The level of radiation-induced apoptosis was lower in Fas mutated mice, Ipr, than in control mice. This seemed to be related to the lack of radiation-induced p53 activation in the Ipr mice. This result suggests that Fas plays an important role in radiation-induced apoptosis in vivo.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.483-490
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• 2001

There were many controversies in the cause and progress of tumorigenesis. Recently, studies on the mutation of genes related to the tumor have extensively been performed due to development of molecular biology. Structural and morphological changes of chromosomes, which are related to the abnormal activation of oncogenes or inactivation of tumor suppression genes, transform the normal cells into the tumor cells. p53 and Rb are well known tumor suppressor genes, while oncogenes include c-myc, bcl-2 and ras, etc. When exposed to cell damaging agents, p53 inhibits cell growth by inducing transcription of p21. Especially p73, which is homo-logy of p53, frequently deleted in melanoma, neuroblastoma, colon cancer, and breast cancer, when over produced, p73 activates the transcription of p21, bax-1 and inhibits cell growth by inducing apoptosis. For study on mRNA expression of p21 and p73, normal oral keratinocytes, and cell lines of primary and metastatic oral squamous cell carcinoma were cultured and then electrophoresis and RT-PCR(reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction) were performed. 1. The mRNA of p21 and p73 in normal oral keratinocyte expressed lower than that of primary squamous cell carcinoma. 2. The mRNA of p21 in metastatic oral squamous carcinoma cell lines was expressed as various patterns compared with that of normal oral keratinocyte. 3. In the metastatic oral squamous cell lines, the mRNA of HN8 expressed higher than that of HN12 or HN19. 4. The mRNA of p73 in primary oral squamous cell lines expressed 4-5 times higher than that of normal keratinocyte. 5. In metastatic oral squamous cell lines, there was no significant expression of p73 mRNA compared with that of normal oral keratinocyte. From the results obtained in this study, mRNA expression of p73 in primary oral squamous cell lines was remarkable, while mRNA expression of p21 and p73 in metastatic oral squamous cell lines were statistically insignificant.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.68-72
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• 2005

Pseudolaric acid B is a major compound found in the bark of Pseudolarix kaempferi Gordon. In our study, pseudolaric acid B inhibited growth of human melanoma cells, A375-S2 in a time and dose-dependent manner. A375-S2 cells treated with pseudolaric acid B showed typical characteristics of apoptosis including morphologic changes, DNA fragmentation, sub-diploid peak in flow cytometry, cleavage of poly-ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) and degradation of inhibitor of caspase-activated DNase (ICAD). P53 protein expression was upregulated while cells were arrested at the $G_2/M$ phase of the cell cycle. There was a decrease in the expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL proteins, whereas pro-apoptotic Bax was increased. The two classical caspase substrates, PARP and ICAD, were both decreased in a time-dependent manner, indicating the activation of downstream caspases.